| Banská Štiavnica | ||
| Town | ||
 Trojičné námestie in Banská Štiavnica | ||
| ||
| Country |  Slovakia | |
|---|---|---|
| Region | Banská Bystrica | |
| District | Banská Štiavnica | |
| Elevation | 600 m (1,969 ft) | |
| Coordinates | ||
| Area | 46. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million The Banská Bystrica Region (Slovak Banskobystrický Kraj) is one of the Slovak regions in the country of Slovakia in Europe Banská Štiavnica District ( okres Banská Štiavnica) is a district The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 378 km² (18 sq mi) | |
| Population | 10,662 (2006-12-31) | |
| Density | 230 /km² (596 /sq mi) | |
| First mentioned | 1156 | |
| Mayor | Pavol Balžanka | |
| Timezone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| - summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| Postal code | 969 01 | |
| Area code | +421-45 | |
| Car plate | BS | |
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | ||
| Name | Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica and the Technical Monuments in its Vicinity | |
| Year | 1993 (#17) | |
| Number | 618 | |
| Region | Europe and North America | |
| Criteria | iv, v | |
| IUCN category | Cultural | |
   Location in Slovakia | ||
  Location in the Banská Bystrica Region | ||
| Wikimedia Commons: Banská Štiavnica | ||
| Statistics: MOŠ/MIS | ||
| Website: www.banskastiavnica.sk | ||
Banská Štiavnica (pronunciation ; German: Schemnitz, Hungarian: Selmecbánya) is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Since 1997, the Slovak car registration plate number (EČV evidenčné číslo vozidla generally takes the form XX-NNNYY, where XX is a two letter code corresponding A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. Asia Minor, Cyprus, all of the Aegean Islands, the Canaries A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption For its size, the caldera is known as Štiavnica Mountains. The Štiavnica Mountains (also Štiavnické Mountains; Štiavnické vrchy are a volcanic Mountain range southern central Slovakia. Banská Štiavnica has a population of more than 10,000. It is a completely preserved medieval town. Because of their historical value, the town and its surroundings were proclaimed by the UNESCO to be a World Heritage Site on December 11, 1993. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex
Contents |
History
The fate of Banská Štiavnica has been closely linked to the exploitation of its abundant resources of silver ore. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen According to evidence from excavations, the site was settled during the Neolithic period. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos
The first mining settlement was founded by Celts in the 3rd century BC. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts It was probably occupied by the Celtic Cotini tribe. Cotini was a Celtic tribe most probably living in today's Slovakia, or (according to occasional opinions in Moravia and southern Poland. Roman authors mentioned mining activities of the Cotini, who had lived in central Slovakia until they were deported to Pannonia within the Marcomannic Wars by Rome. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Marcomannic Wars (called by the Romans bellum Germanicum or expeditio Germanica) were a series of wars lasting over a dozen years from about AD 166 The site was also settled by early Slavs/Slovaks and a Slovak fortified settlement was situated here in the 10th and 11th century.
In the High and Late Middle Ages, the town was the main producer of silver and gold in the Kingdom of Hungary (Slovakia was part of that kingdom from the 11th century until 1918). The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 The town was called “terra banensium” (the land of miners) as early as in 1156. The original Slovak population was joined by skilled German settlers who started arriving in the 13th century. } The Slovaks or Slovakians are a western Slavic People that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is Carpathian Germans (Karpatendeutsche Felvidéki németek Slovak: Karpatskí Nemci) sometimes simply called Slovak Germans (German Slowakeideutsche Banská Štiavnica gained the status of a royal town in 1238, as one of the first towns in the Kingdom of Hungary.
During the Ottoman Wars, the Turks made concerted efforts to conquer rich mining towns in central Slovakia (Banská Štiavnica, Banská Bystrica, and Kremnica). The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe are also sometimes referred to as the Ottoman Wars or as Turkish Wars, particularly in older European Banská Bystrica ( Hungarian:Besztercebánya ( previously known also by several alternative names) is a key City in central Slovakia located Kremnica ( Kremnitz Körmöcbánya is a town in central Slovakia. This new threat led Banská Štiavnica to build powerful fortifications, including two castles, in the 16th century. As one of the most important centers of Protestant Reformation in the country, the town belonged to the Protestant "League of Seven Mining Towns" together with Banská Belá, Banská Bystrica, Kremnica, Ľubietová, Nová Baňa, and Pukanec. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Banská Belá (Dilln Bélabánya is a village and Municipality in Banská Štiavnica District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia Ľubietová (Libethen Libetbánya is a village in central Slovakia. Nová Baňa (Königsberg Újbánya is a small town in the west of central Slovakia Pukanec (Bugganz / Puk(kan(tz, Bakabánya is a Village and Municipality in the Levice District in the Nitra Region of southern
The town was also a foremost center of innovation in mining industry. In 1627, gun powder was used here for the first time in the world in a mine. Gunpowder is a an explosive mixture of Sulfur, Charcoal and Potassium nitrate (also known as saltpetre/saltpeter that burns rapidly producing volumes To drain water from the flooded mines, a sophisticated system of water reservoirs and channels, known as tajchy, was designed and built by the local scientists Jozef Karol Hell, Maximilian Hell, and Samuel Mikovíny in the 18th century. Tajchy (singular tajch are artificial Water reservoirs in the Štiavnica Mountains, in central Slovakia. Jozef Karol Hell ( Slovak) Hell József Károly ( Hungarian) Josef/ph Karl Hell ( German) (1713-1789 was a mining engineer and Maximilian Hell (Hell Miksa Maximilián Hell May 15 1720 &ndash April 14 1792) was an astronomer and an ordained Jesuit Samuel Mikovíny ( Slovak, also spelled Mikovini or Mikovíni) or Mikoviny Sámuel ( Hungarian) (1686 or ca Tajchy not only saved the mines from being closed, but also provided energy for the early industrialization. In 1735, the first mining school in the country was founded there by Samuel Mikovíny. In the years 1762-1770, the Hofkammer in Vienna, with support from Queen Maria Theresa, transformed the school into the famous Mining Academy, creating the first technical university in the world. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia see also names in other languages; May 13, 1717 November 29 1780) was the Archduchess regnant [1] In 1919, after the creation of Czechoslovakia, the Academy was moved to Sopron in Hungary. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. For the historical county in the Kingdom of Hungary named Sopron / Ödenburg Sopron (county. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The student traditions of the Academy are still living in the "successors": University of Miskolc, and colleges in Sopron, Székesfehérvár, and Dunaújváros. Miskolc (miʃkolts approximate pronunciation "Me-shkolts" in Slovak Miškovec, in Polish Miszkolc) is a city in North-East Székesfehérvár (ˈseːkɛʃfɛˈheːrvaːr, colloquial Fehérvár Stuhlweißenburg İstolni Belgrad is a city in central Hungary, located around southwest of Dunaújváros ( Dunapentele, 1951&ndash1961 Sztálinváros; Croatian: Pantel(ija) is a city in Central Hungary, along the
In 1782, Banská Štiavnica was the third biggest town in the Kingdom of Hungary (with 23,192 or incl. suburbs 40,000 inhabitants), after Bratislava and Debrecen. ARTICLE TEXT BEGINS AFTER THESE COMMENTS - PLEASE READ 1 Please do not edit the lead without reading Debrecen, (approximate pronunciation Deb-ret-sen known by alternative names) is the second largest city in Hungary after Budapest. But the town’s development was too closely linked to the mining activity which had been progressively declining since the second half of the 19th century. Nowadays, Banská Štiavnica is an important center of recreation and tourism, benefiting from its rich historical heritage.
Landmarks
The heart of the town is the historical Trinity Square (Slovak: Trojičné námestie) dominated by a monumental plague column. The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian" Marian columns are religious monuments built in honour of the Virgin Mary, often in thanksgiving for the ending of a plague or for some other help The square is used for frequent cultural events and there is also a mineralogical museum. Two castles, the so called “old” one (Slovak: Starý zámok) and “new” one (Slovak: Nový zámok), have been transformed into museums. Nový zámok (literally "New Castle" is a Castle in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia.
The open air mining museum offers a two kilometers long underground excursion in mines dated to the 17th century. Another ancient mine open to the public (Slovak: Glanzenberg) is even older. This mine, situated just under the center of the town, has attracted numerous famous visitors, from Emperor Joseph II to Prince Albert of Monaco. Heir and co-regent Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession. Early life Born in the Prince's Palace of Monaco, Albert attended the Albert I High School graduating with distinction in 1976
The town is surrounded by ancient artificial mining water reservoirs called tajchy. Tajchy (singular tajch are artificial Water reservoirs in the Štiavnica Mountains, in central Slovakia. Sixty reservoirs were built in the 15th through 18th centuries in order to provide energy for the booming mining industry. They are connected by a more than 100-kilometres long network of channels. These extraordinary historical monuments are now used mainly for recreation.
Demographics
Banská Štiavnica has a population of 10,674 (as of December 31, 2005). According to the 2001 census, 93. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population 9% of inhabitants were Slovaks and 2% Roma people. } The Slovaks or Slovakians are a western Slavic People that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins Many people are descendants of the Carpathian Germans, who played a very important role in the medieval history of the town. Carpathian Germans (Karpatendeutsche Felvidéki németek Slovak: Karpatskí Nemci) sometimes simply called Slovak Germans (German Slowakeideutsche The religious makeup was 65% Roman Catholics, 18. 9% people with no religious affiliation, and 7. 6% Lutherans. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther [2]
Famous people
- Jozef Karol Hell, inventor and mining engineer
- Maximilian Hell, astronomer
- Dezo Hoffmann, photographer
- Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, scientist
- Andrej Kmeť, scientist
- Domokos Kosáry, scientist
- Ľudovít Lačný, chess problem composer
- Master MS, painter
- Samuel Mikovíny, mathematician, engineer, and cartographer
- Alexander Pituk, chess problem composer
- Magda Vášáryová, actress and diplomat
Sister cities
Banská Štiavnica has four sister cities:
- Huenenberg, Switzerland
- Moravská Třebová, Czech Republic
- Ptuj, Slovenia
- Soragna, Italy
External links
- Official website of Banská Štiavnica
- Tourist information about Banská Štiavnica
- History of Banská Štiavnica
Gallery
 Cityscape |  Fresco in Kalvária |  Nový zámok |
 Town hall |  Starý zámok |  Entrance to the Glanzenberg mine |
References
- ^ Slovakia in the UNESCO Treasury - Banská Štiavnica
- ^ http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Municipal Statistics from the Statistical Office of the Slovak republic
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