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For the Bank Holiday declared in the USA during the Great Depression, see Emergency Banking Act. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Emergency Banking Act (also known as the Emergency Banking Relief Act) was an act of the United States Congress spearheaded by President Franklin D
For other meanings, see Bank holiday (disambiguation).

A bank holiday is a public holiday in the United Kingdom and also in the Republic of Ireland. Lists of holidays The words holiday or vacation have related meanings in different English-speaking countries and continents but will usually refer to one of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. There is no right to time off on these days, although the majority of the population not employed in essential services (e. g. utilities, fire, ambulance, police, health-care workers) receive them as holidays; those employed in essential services usually receive extra pay for working on these days. A public utility (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the Infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction. An ambulance is a Vehicle for transporting sick or injured people to from or between places of treatment for an Illness or Injury. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing Bank holidays are so called because they are days upon which banks are shut and therefore (traditionally) no other businesses could operate. Legislation allows certain payments to be deferred to the next working day.

Contents

History of bank holidays

Prior to 1834, the Bank of England observed about thirty-three saints' days and religious festivals as holidays, but in 1834, this was reduced to just four: 1 May, 1 November, Good Friday, and Christmas Day. The Bank of England (formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England) is a state-owned institution and the Central bank of the United Kingdom Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha"

In 1871, the first legislation relating to bank holidays was passed when Sir John Lubbock introduced the Bank Holidays Act 1871 which specified the days in the table set out below. Sir John Lubbock 4th Baronet and 1st Baron Avebury, PC FRS ( 30 April 1834 &ndash 28 May 1913) English banker The Bank Holidays Act 1871 established the first Bank Holidays in the United Kingdom. Sir John was an enthusiastic supporter of cricket and was firmly of the belief that bank employees should have the opportunity to participate in and attend matches when they were scheduled. Included in the dates of bank holidays are therefore dates when cricket games were traditionally played between the villages in the region where Sir John was raised. Scotland was treated separately because of its separate traditions; for example, New Year or Hogmanay is a more important holiday there. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Hogmanay ( pronounced &mdash with the main stress on the last syllable is the Scots word for the last day of the year and is synonymous with the celebration of the

Bank holidays 1871
England, Wales, Ireland Scotland
New Year's Day
Good Friday
Easter Monday
Whit Monday First Monday in May
First Monday in August First Monday in August
Boxing Day Christmas Day

The act does not specify Good Friday and Christmas Day as bank holidays in England, Wales and Ireland because they were already recognised there as common law holidays, and because of common observance, they became customary holidays since before records began. New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Boxing Day is a public holiday in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, as well as many other members of the Commonwealth England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world

In 1903, the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act added 17 March, Saint Patrick's Day, as a bank holiday for Ireland only. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Saint Patrick's Day (Lá ’le Pádraig or Lá Fhéile Pádraig) colloquially St

Current bank and public holidays

Exactly a century after the 1871 Act, the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which currently regulates bank holidays in the UK, was passed. The table below details the bank holidays specified in the 1971 Act; also listed are New Year's Day and May Day, introduced since 1971. New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to any of several Public holidays In many countries May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour These are deemed bank holidays by the legal device of a royal proclamation every year. A proclamation (Lat proclamare, to make public by announcement is an official declaration In January 2007, the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 was given royal assent, making 30 November (or the nearest Monday if a weekend) a bank holiday in Scotland. The St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland Act 2007 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament that officially designates St The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of Lawmaking by formally assenting to an Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats

Royal proclamation is also used to shift bank holidays that would otherwise fall on a weekend. In this way, public holidays are not 'lost' in years when they coincide with weekends. These deferred bank holiday days are termed a 'bank holiday in lieu' of the typical anniversary date. In the legislation they are known as 'substitute days'. The movement of the St Andrew's Day Scottish holiday to the nearest Monday when 30 November is a weekend day is statutory and does not require a proclamation.

Current bank and public holidays
Date Name England and Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Republic of Ireland
    8 9 10 9
1 January New Year's Day X X X X
2 January 2nd January X
17 March St. Patrick's Day X X
The Friday before Easter Sunday Good Friday X X X
The day after Easter Sunday Easter Monday X X X
First Monday in May¹ May Day Bank Holiday (or Early May Bank Holiday in Scotland) / Labour Day (called this in Ireland) X X X X
Last Monday in May² Spring Bank Holiday X X X
First Monday In June June Bank Holiday X
12 July Battle of the Boyne - Orangemen's Day X
First Monday in August Summer Bank Holiday X X
Last Monday in August Summer Bank Holiday X X
Last Monday in October October Bank Holiday X
30 November St. Andrew's Day X
25 December Christmas Day X X X X
26 December³ Boxing Day, St. Stephen's Day X X X X
  1. For one year only, 1995, this holiday was moved to the second Monday in May – i. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Saint Patrick's Day (Lá ’le Pádraig or Lá Fhéile Pádraig) colloquially St Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Easter Monday is the day after Easter Sunday and is celebrated as a Holiday in some largely Christian cultures especially Roman Catholic May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to any of several Public holidays In many countries May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. The Battle of the Boyne (Cath na Bóinne was a turning point in the Williamite claim on the English throne Orange Walks are a series of parades held annually by members of the Orange Order during the summer in Northern Ireland, to a lesser extent in Scotland Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Boxing Day is a public holiday in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, as well as many other members of the Commonwealth St Stephen's Day, or the Feast of St Stephen, is a Christian Saint's day celebrated on 26 December in the Western Church and e. , from 1 May to 8 May – to commemorate the 50th anniversary of VE Day. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Victory in Europe Day ( V-E Day or VE Day) was May 7 and May 8, 1945, the dates when the World War II Allies
  2. For one year only, 2002, this holiday was moved to 4 June. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. This caused it to follow an extra bank holiday on 3 June, making a four-day weekend to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering The Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II marked the fiftieth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II 's accession to the throne
  3. Strictly, Boxing Day is the first weekday after Christmas, so it cannot fall on a Sunday. If Christmas Day is a Saturday, then Boxing Day is the following Monday, although in practice, this is often ignored since both the Monday and the Tuesday will be public holidays in addition to the normal weekend. The traditional name for a Sunday which coincides with the 26th of December is Christmas Sunday, with the following Monday actually being Boxing Day.

Scotland

Main article: Bank holidays in Scotland

A number of differences apply to Scotland rather than the rest of the UK. Bank holiday s in Scotland are determined under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971 and the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland For example, Easter Monday is not a bank holiday. Also, although they share the same name, the Summer Bank Holiday falls on the first Monday of August in Scotland as opposed to the last elsewhere in the UK.

Bank holidays do not, however, assume the same importance in Scotland as they do elsewhere. Whereas they have effectively become public holidays elsewhere in the UK, in Scotland there remains a tradition of public holidays based on local tradition and determined by local authorities. In 1996, Scottish banks made the business decision to harmonise their own holidays with the rest of the UK, therefore bank holidays in Scotland are neither public holidays nor the days on which banks are closed.

Prospective new bank holidays

It has been noted that the number of holidays in the UK is relatively small compared to the number in many other European countries. However, direct comparison is inaccurate since the 'holiday in lieu' scheme of deferment does not apply in most European countries, where holidays that coincide with a weekend (29% of fixed-date holidays) are 'lost'. In fact, the average number of non-weekend holidays in such countries, is only marginally higher (and in some cases lower) than the UK.

There have been calls for an increase in the number of bank holidays. Among the most notably absent dates from the existing list are the feast days of patron saints; April 23 (St George's Day) in England and March 1 (St David's Day) in Wales are not currently recognised. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at St George's Day is celebrated by several nations kingdoms countries and cities of which Saint George is the Patron saint, including England, the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Saint David's Day ( Welsh: Dydd Gŵyl Dewi) is the feast day of Saint David, the Patron saint of Wales, and falls on March 17 (St Patrick's Day) is a public holiday in Northern Ireland and, from 2008, November 30 (St Andrew's Day) is a bank holiday in Scotland. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Saint Patrick's Day (Lá ’le Pádraig or Lá Fhéile Pádraig) colloquially St Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

Given the relatively small number of existing holidays, the possibility has been seen for various commemorations to become bank holidays. Some of these suggestions are as follows:

The Government as of 2008 has stated "we have no plans to change the current pattern of Bank Holidays, but we are nevertheless considering all these suggestions carefully". [3] In response to a parliamentary question about St George's Day, Gordon Brown stated that it is "for public debate" whether it should become a holiday. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is If it did, it would be eight days before the May holiday in some years, and very close to Easter in others.

Republic of Ireland

In the Republic of Ireland, the term "public holiday" is used officially, though "bank holiday" is used colloquially. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe.

Good Friday is not a public holiday, though banks and public institutions are closed. The Summer Bank Holiday is also the first Monday in August rather than the last. A June Bank Holiday takes the place of the Spring Bank Holiday. Easter Monday and St Patrick's Day both qualify as National Days in the Republic. Saint Patrick's Day (Lá ’le Pádraig or Lá Fhéile Pádraig) colloquially St

Where public holidays fall at the weekend, an employee is entitled (at the employer's choice) to one of the following: a day off within a month, an additional day's paid annual leave or an additional day's pay. The employer can also choose one of these for regular public holidays, but this is rare. The public holiday does not, officially, move to the next weekday, but the usual practice is to take the day off on the next available weekday. A rarely-chosen alternative is to move to the previous or next church holiday.

The most recent public holiday to be added was Labour Day (often called May Day). Labour Day is an annual Holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to any of several Public holidays In many countries May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour This holiday is taken as the first Monday in May, and was introduced in 1994. Recently, senior politicians (including Ruairi Quinn TD) have been considering the addition of one or two extra public holidays to bring Ireland in line with the rest of Europe. Ruairi Quinn ( Irish: Ruairí Ó Cuinn (born 2 April 1946 is an Irish Labour Party politician A Teachta Dála (ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Oireachtas (Parliament of the Republic of Ireland.

United States

In the United States, banks are generally closed on all federal holidays, but the term bank holiday refers specifically to emergency bank closures mandated by executive order or act of Congress to remedy financial crises, for example the Emergency Banking Act of 1933. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In the United States, a federal holiday is a Holiday recognized by the United States Government. executive order in the United States is a Directive issued by the President, the head of the executive branch of the federal government The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The Emergency Banking Act (also known as the Emergency Banking Relief Act) was an act of the United States Congress spearheaded by President Franklin D

Canada

See also

References

  1. ^ http://edmi.parliament.uk/EDMi/EDMDetails.aspx?EDMID=33590&SESSION=885
  2. ^ http://petitions.pm.gov.uk/remembermonday/
  3. ^ http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page14640.asp

External links

This is the list of holidays by country. Most Holidays are mentioned although some are not Public holidays Albania These are the national holidays of the United Kingdom for 2008.

Dictionary

bank holiday

-noun

  1. (mainly, UK) In Great Britain and some other countries, a weekday, often a Monday, on which most businesses are closed and granted to workers as a national holiday.
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