Political fragmentation of the Balkans

Breakup of Yugoslavia. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian

Balkanization is a geopolitical term originally used to describe the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other. Geopolitics is the study that analyzes Geography, History and Social science with reference to Spatial politics and patterns at various scales ^[1][2] The term has arisen from the conflicts in the 20th century Balkans. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The first balkanization was embodied in the Balkan Wars, and the term was reaffirmed in the Yugoslav wars. The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and The amount of "Yugoslavian" territory officially controlled by Belgrade has been reduced piece by piece since 1991.

The term is also used to describe other forms of disintegration, including, for instance, the subdivision of the Internet being divided into separate enclaves, and the breakdown of cooperative arrangements due to the rise of independent competitive entities engaged in "beggar-thy-neighbor" bidding wars. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Beggar thy neighbour, or beggar-my-neighbour policies are those that seek benefits for one country at the expense of others Balkanization is sometimes used to refer to the divergence over time of programming languages and data file formats (particularly XML). A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. A file format is a particular way to encode information for storage in a Computer file. Don't change "Extensible" The term has been used in American urban planning to describe the process of creating gated communities. In its modern form a gated community is a form of Residential community containing controlled entrances for Pedestrians Bicycles and Automobiles

There are also attempts to use the term balkanization in a positive way equating it with the need for sustenance of a group or society. Current research on the positive aspects of Balkanization is carried out by Srđan Jovanović Weiss with Centre for Research Architecture at Goldsmiths College.

The term has also been used by conservative gay rights activist Andrew Sullivan. Andrew Michael Sullivan (born August 10 1963 is a prominent Blogger, author and Political commentator. He referred to civil unions as adding to the "cultural balkanization that already plagues American public life. A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to Marriage. " ^[3] In January 2007, regarding a rise in support for Scottish independence, Gordon Brown talked of a "Balkanisation of Britain". WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[4]

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