Bali

Motto: Bali Dwipa Jaya ("Glorious Bali Island")
Capital	Denpasar
Governor	Dewa Made Beratha
Area	5,632. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group ||-||-||}The Province ( Indonesian: provinsi or propinsi) is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Dewa Made Beratha born July 12, 1941 in Gianyar, Bali is the current governor of Bali Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 86 km² (2,175 sq mi)
Population	3,150,000  (2000)
Density	559. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2 /km² (1,448 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups	Balinese (89%), Javanese (7%), Baliaga (1%), Madurese (1%)[1]
Religion	Hindu (93. The Balinese population of 30 million (15% of Indonesia 's population live mostly on the island of Bali, making up 89% of the island's population A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 18%), Muslim (4. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 79%), Christian (1. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 38%), Buddhist (0. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices 64%)
Languages	Indonesian (official), Balinese
Time zone	UTC+8
Web site	www.baliprov.go.id

Bali is an Indonesian island located at 8°25′23″S, 115°14′55″E, the western most of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of Balinese or simply Bali is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 3 In Indonesia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three Time zones Indonesian Western Standard Time ( Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant The Nusa Tenggara (lit Southeast Islands or Lesser Sunda Islands, are a group of Islands in the middle-south part of the Malay Archipelago. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Lombok (population 2950105 in 2005) is an Island in West Nusa Tenggara province Indonesia. It is one of the country's 33 provinces with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island. ||-||-||}The Province ( Indonesian: provinsi or propinsi) is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia.

With a population recorded as 3,151,000 in 2005, the island is home to the vast majority of Indonesia's small Hindu minority. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 93. 18% of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, while most of the remainder follow Islam. Hinduism in Indonesia, also known by its formal Indonesian name Agama Hindu Dharma, refers to Hinduism as practised in Indonesia. It is also the largest tourist destination in the country and is renowned for its highly developed arts, including dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking and music. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Metalworking is craft and practice of working with Metals to create individual parts assemblies or large scale structures Bali is an Indonesian island that shares in the Gamelan and various other Indonesian musical styles.

History

Temple offering in predominantly Hindu Bali island.

Bali was inhabited by Austronesian peoples by about 2,000, ^{[assume BC ? - clarification needed]} who migrated originally from Taiwan through Maritime Southeast Asia. The Austronesian people or Austronesian-speaking people, are a population group present in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The Malay Archipelago is a name given to the Archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia ( Indochina) and Australia. ^[2] Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are thus closely related to the peoples of the Indonesian archipelago, the Philippines, and Oceania. ^[3] Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island's west. ^[4]

Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian, and particularly Hindu culture, in a process beginning around the 1st century AD. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical The name Balidwipa has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the Blanjong charter issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 AD and mentioning Walidwipa. It was during this time that the complex irrigation system subak was developed to grow rice. Subak is the name of water management (irrigation system for Paddy fields on Bali island Some religious and cultural traditions still in existence today can be traced back to this period. The Hindu Majapahit Empire (1293–1520 AD) on eastern Java founded a Balinese colony in 1343. Majapahit was an Indianized kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. When the empire declined, there was an exodus of intellectuals, artists, priests and musicians from Java to Bali in the 15th century.

The first European contact with Bali is thought to have been made by Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman who arrived in 1597, though a Portuguese ship had foundered off the Bukit Peninsula as early as 1585. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Cornelis de Houtman ( April 2 1565, Gouda - August 1599 Atjeh) brother of Frederick de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Bukit Peninsula is at the southern end of the island of Bali, Indonesia. Dutch colonial control was expanded across the Indonesian archipelago in the nineteenth century (see Dutch East Indies). See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below Their political and economic control over Bali began in the 1840s on the island's north coast by playing various distrustful Balinese realms against each other. ^[5] In the late 1890s, struggles between Balinese kingdoms in the island's south were exploited by the Dutch to increase their control. The Dutch mounted large naval and ground assaults at the Sanur region in 1906 and were met by the thousands of members of the royal family and their followers who marched to certain death against superior Dutch force in a suicidal puputan defensive assault rather than face the humiliation of surrender. ^[5] Despite Dutch demands for surrender, an estimated 4,000 Balinese marched to their death against the invaders. In 1908, a similar massacre occurred in the face of a Dutch assault in Klungkung. Klungkung is the smallest regency ( kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia. Afterwards the Dutch governors were able to exercise little influence over the island, and local control over religion and culture generally remained intact.

Dutch rule over Bali had come later and was never as well established as in other parts of Indonesia such as Java and Maluku. The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands, the Spice Islands or simply Maluku) are an Archipelago Imperial Japan occupied Bali during World War II during which time a Balinese military officer, Gusti Ngurah Rai, formed a Balinese 'freedom army'. The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Following Japan's Pacific surrender in August 1945, the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia, including Bali, immediately to reinstate their pre-war colonial administration. This was resisted by the Balinese rebels now using Japanese weapons. On 20 November 1946, the Battle of Marga was fought in Tabanan in central Bali. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, 29 years old, finally rallied his forces in east Bali at Marga Rana, where they made a suicide attack on the heavily armed Dutch. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons The Balinese battalion was entirely wiped out, breaking the last thread of Balinese military resistance. In 1946 the Dutch constituted Bali as one of the 13 administrative districts of the newly-proclaimed Republic of East Indonesia, a rival state to the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Sukarno ( June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. Mohammad Hatta ( August 12, 1902 - March 14, 1980) was born in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Bali was included in the "Republic of the United States of Indonesia" when the Netherlands recognised Indonesian independence on 29 December 1949. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The 1963 eruption of Mount Agung killed thousands, created economic havoc and forced many displaced Balinese to be transmigrated to other parts of Indonesia. Mount Agung or Gunung Agung is a mountain in Bali. This Stratovolcano is the highest point on the island The transmigration program ( Indonesian: Transmigrasi) was an initiative of the Indonesian government to move landless people from densely populated areas

Bali blast monument. The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali.

Mirroring the widening of social divisions across Indonesia in the 1950s and early 1960s, Bali saw conflict between supporters of the traditional caste system, and those rejecting these traditional values. Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power. Politically, this was represented by opposing supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI), with tensions and ill-feeling further increased by the PKI's land reform programs. The Communist Party of Indonesia (in Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was the largest non-ruling Communist party in the world prior The Indonesian National Party ( Partai Nasional Indonesia/PNI) is the same used by several political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the present day ^[5] An attempted coup in Jakarta was put down by forces led by General Suharto. On the night of September 30 1965, six senior Indonesian army generals were murdered and the next morning Indonesians woke up to find an organization calling The army became the dominant power as it instigated a violent anti-communist purge, in which the PKI was blamed for the coup. Most estimates suggest that at least 500,000 people were killed across Indonesia, with as many as 100,000 killed in Bali, equivalent to 5 per cent of the island's population. ^[6] With no Islamic forces involved as in Java and Sumatra, upper-caste PNI landlords lead the extermination of PKI members. ^[7]

As a result of the 1965/66 upheavals, Suharto was able to manoeuvre Sukarno out of the presidency, and his "New Order" government reestablished relations with western countries. Indonesia's transition to the " New Order " in the mid-1960s ousted the country's first president Sukarno after 22 years in the position The New Order ( Indonesian: Orde Baru) is the term coined by former Indonesian President Suharto to characterize his regime as he came to power in 1966 The Bali as a tourist paradise which was instigated during the pre World War II colonial time was revised in a modern form, and the resulting large growth in tourism has led to Balinese standards of living rise dramatically and significant foreign exchange earned for the country. ^[5] A bombing in 2002 by militant Islamists in the tourist area of Kuta killed 202 people, mostly foreigners. The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only Kuta is a town in southern Bali, Indonesia. A former fishing village it was one of the first towns on Bali to see substantial Tourist development and This attack, and another in 2005, severely affected tourism, bringing much economic hardship to the island. The 2005 Bali bombings were a series of Terrorist Suicide bomb attacks that occurred on October 1, 2005, in Bali, Indonesia

Geography

Topography of the island

The island of Bali lies 3. 2 km (2 mi) east of Java, and is approximately 8 degrees south of the equator. The equator (sometimes referred to colloquially as "the Line") is the intersection of the Earth 's surface with the plane perpendicular to the East to west, the island is approximately 153 km (95 mi) wide and is approximately 112 km (69 mi) north to south; it's land area is 5,632 km². To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 The highest point is Mount Agung at 3,142 m (10,308 feet) high, an active volcano that last erupted in March 1963. Mount Agung or Gunung Agung is a mountain in Bali. This Stratovolcano is the highest point on the island Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mountains cover centre to the eastern side, with Mount Agung the easternmost peak. Mount Batur (1,717 m) is also still active, an eruption 30,000 years was one of the largest known volcanic events on Earth. Mount Batur (Gunung Batur is an active volcano located at the center of two concentric Calderas north west of Mount Agung, Bali, Indonesia EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001

In the south the land descends to form an alluvial plain, watered by shallow rivers, drier in the dry season and overflowing during periods of heavy rain. An alluvial plain is a relatively flat Landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more Rivers coming from highland regions The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the Tropics.

The principal cities are the northern port of Singaraja, the former colonial capital of Bali, and the present provincial capital and largest city, Denpasar, near the southern coast. Singaraja is the regency seat of Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia. The name is Indonesian for 'Lion King' Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. The town of Ubud (north of Denpasar), with its art market, museums and galleries, is arguably the cultural centre of Bali. Ubud is a town on the Indonesian island of Bali. The town is located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the island's central foothills in the A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the

Southern Bali in the foreground and Mount Agung behind

There are major coastal roads and those that cross the island mainly north-south. Mount Agung or Gunung Agung is a mountain in Bali. This Stratovolcano is the highest point on the island Due to the mountainous terrain in the island's center, the roads tend to follow the crests of the ridges across the mountains. There are no railway lines.

The island is surrounded by coral reefs. Coral reefs are Aragonite structures produced by living organisms found in marine waters with little to no nutrients in the water Beaches in the south tend to have white sand while those in the north and west have black sand. Black sand is a heavy glossy partly Magnetic mixture of usually fine sands found as part of a Placer deposit. The beach town of Padangbai in the south east has both. Padangbai is a small town in eastern Bali, Indonesia. It serves as a ferry port for travel to Lombok, The Gilis and other of the Lesser The Ho River is navigable by small sampan boats. A sampan ( Chinese: 舢舨 is a relatively flat bottomed Chinese wooden Boat from 3 Black sand beaches between Pasut and Klatingdukuh are being developed for tourism, but apart from the seaside temple of Tanah Lot. Tanah Lot is a famous Rock formation off the Indonesian island of Bali.

To the east, the Lombok Strait separates Bali from Lombok and marks the biogeographical division between the fauna of the Indomalayan ecozone and the distinctly different fauna of Australasia. The Lombok Strait is a Strait connecting the Java Sea to the Indian Ocean, located between the Islands of Bali and Lombok Lombok (population 2950105 in 2005) is an Island in West Nusa Tenggara province Indonesia. Biogeography is the study of the distribution of Biodiversity over Space and Time. The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface An ecozone or biogeographic realm is the largest scale biogeographic division of the earth's surface based on the historic and evolutionary distribution patterns Australasia is a Region of Oceania: New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, and neighbouring Islands in the Pacific The transition is known as the Wallace Line, named after Alfred Russel Wallace, who first proposed transition zone between these two major biomes. The Wallace Line (or Wallace's Line) is a boundary that separates the zoogeographical regions of Asia and Australia. Alfred Russel Wallace OM, FRS (8 January 1823 &ndash 7 November 1913 was an British naturalist, Explorer, Geographer A biome is a climatically and geographically defined area of ecologically similar climatic conditions such as communities of Plants Animals and When sea levels dropped during the Pleistocene ice age, Bali was connected to Java and Sumatra and to the mainland of Asia and shared the Asian fauna, but the deep water of the Lombok Strait continued to keep Lombok and the Lesser Sunda archipelago isolated. The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two The Nusa Tenggara (lit Southeast Islands or Lesser Sunda Islands, are a group of Islands in the middle-south part of the Malay Archipelago.

Ecology

The Bali Starling lives only on Bali. The Bali Starling, Leucopsar rothschildi, also known as Rothschild’s Mynah, Bali Myna or Bali Mynah is a medium-sized (up to 25cm long stocky As few as six may exist in the wild

Bali has around 280 species of birds, including the critically endangered Bali Starling. Organisms with a conservation status of critically endangered have an extremely high risk of becoming extinct The Bali Starling, Leucopsar rothschildi, also known as Rothschild’s Mynah, Bali Myna or Bali Mynah is a medium-sized (up to 25cm long stocky The only endemic mammal of the island, the Bali tiger, became extinct in the 1930s. The Bali tiger ( Panthera tigris balica) harimau Bali in Indonesian or referred to as samong in archaic Balinese language is an In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa.

The Bali Barat National Park, located on the north western side of the island, is a refuge for wildlife such as the pangolin, common muntjac, chevrotain, leopard cat, black giant squirrel, macaque and leaf monkey. Bali Barat National Park is located on the north western side of Bali, Indonesia. The Common Muntjac, also called Indian Muntjac ( Muntiacus muntjak) is the most numerous Muntjac deer species "Kancil" redirects here For the car see Perodua Kancil Not to be confused with Kanchil (Lesser Mouse Deer Not to be confused The Leopard Cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis) is a small wild cat of Southeast Asia. UserPolbot. -->The Black Giant Squirrel ( Ratufa bicolor) is a species of Rodent in the Sciuridae The macaques (məˈkæk constitute a genus ( Macaca, /məˈkækə/ of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 58 Species in 10 genera, including the Skunk -like Black-and-white

Administrative divisions

The province is divided into 8 regencies (kabupaten) and 1 city (kota):

• Badung
• Bangli
• Buleleng
• Denpasar (city)
• Gianyar
• Jembrana
• Karangasem
• Klungkung
• Tabanan

Economy

Rice terraces near Ubud; until the late-twentieth century tourist boom, agriculture dominated Bali's economy

Three decades ago, the Balinese economy was largely agriculture-based in terms of both output and employment. This is the list of regencies and cities of Indonesia, one step lower hierarchy of the Indonesia administrative division below the provincial government (sometimes This is the list of regencies and cities of Indonesia, one step lower hierarchy of the Indonesia administrative division below the provincial government (sometimes Badung is a regency ( kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 418 Bangli is a regency ( kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 520 Buleleng is a regency ( kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 1365 Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. Gianyar is a regency ( kabupaten) in the Indonesian province and island of Bali, Indonesia. Jembrana is a regency ( kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 841 Karangasem is a regency ( kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 839 Klungkung is the smallest regency ( kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia. Tabanan is a regency ( kabupaten) of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 839 Tourism is now the largest single industry; and as a result, Bali is one of Indonesia’s wealthiest regions. The economy, however, has suffered significantly as a result of the terrorist bombings of 2002 and 2005. The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The 2005 Bali bombings were a series of Terrorist Suicide bomb attacks that occurred on October 1, 2005, in Bali, Indonesia

Although in terms of output, tourism is the economy’s largest industry, agriculture is still the island’s biggest employer, most notably rice cultivation. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Crops grown in smaller amounts include fruit, vegetables and other cash and subsistence crops. In Agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is grown for Money. A significant number of Balinese are also fishermen. Bali is also famous for its artisans who produce batik and ikat cloth and clothing, wooden carvings, stone carvings and silverware. An artisan, also called a Craftsman, is a skilled manual worker who crafts items that may be functional or strictly decorative including furniture clothing Batik ( pronunciation:, but often in English is or) is a wax-resist Dyeing technique used on Textile. Ikat, or Ikkat, is a style of Weaving that uses a Resist dyeing process similar to Tie-dye on either the warp or Weft Woodworking is the process of building making or carving something using Wood.

Although significant tourism exists in the north, centre and east of the island, the tourist industry is overwhelmingly focused in the south. The main tourist locations are the town of Kuta (with its beach), and its outer suburbs (which were once independent townships) of Legian and Seminyak, Sanur, Jimbaran, Ubud, and the newer development of Nusa Dua. Kuta is a town in southern Bali, Indonesia. A former fishing village it was one of the first towns on Bali to see substantial Tourist development and Seminyak is a mixed tourist / residential area on the west coast of Bali just north of Kuta and Legian. Sanur (Pronounced Sah-NOOer is a coastal town of south east Bali, about 30 minutes drive from Ngurah Rai International Airport. Jimbaran is a fishing village and tourist resort in Bali, Indonesia. Ubud is a town on the Indonesian island of Bali. The town is located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the island's central foothills in the Nusa Dua is an enclave of large international 5-star resorts in south-eastern Bali. The Ngurah Rai International Airport is located near Jimbaran, on the isthmus joining the southernmost part of the island to the main part of the island. Ngurah Rai International Airport, also known as Denpasar International Airport, is located in southern Bali, 13 km south of Denpasar An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas Another increasingly important source of income for Bali is what is called "Congress Tourism" from the frequent international conferences held on the island, especially after the terrorist bombings of 2002; ostensibly to resurrect Bali's damaged tourism industry as well as its tarnished image. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Bali's tourism brand is Bali Shanti Shanti Shanti. ^[8] Where Shanti derived from Sanskrit "Çantih" meaning peace.

Demographics

The population of Bali is 3,151,000 (as of 2005). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Religion

The Mother Temple of Besakih one of Bali's most significant Hindu temples. The Mother Temple of Besakih, in the village of Besakih on the slopes of Mount Agung, is the most important temple of Agama Hindu Dharma in Bali, Indonesia A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical

Unlike most of Muslim-majority Indonesia, about 93. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. 18% of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, formed as a combination of existing local beliefs and Hindu influences from mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. Hinduism in Indonesia, also known by its formal Indonesian name Agama Hindu Dharma, refers to Hinduism as practised in Indonesia. Balinese mythology is the traditional Mythology of the people of the Indonesian island of Bali, before the majority adoption of Hinduism A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Minority religions include Islam (4. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. 79%), Christianity (1. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings 38%), and Buddhism (0. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices 64%). These figures do not include immigrants from other parts of Indonesia.

Bali consists of about three million people, nearly all of whom practice the Balinese Hindu religion, a heterogeneous amalgam in which gods and demigods are worshipped together with Buddhist heroes, with the spirits of ancestors and with indigenous deities associated with agriculture and with places considered sacred. Religion as it is practiced in Bali is a composite belief system that embraces not only theology, philosophy, and mythology, but ancestor worship, animism and magic. It is supposed to pervade every aspect of traditional life.

Bali Hinduism, which has roots in Indian Hinduism and in Buddhism, adopted the animistic traditions of the indigenous people, which inhabited the island around the first millennium BCE. This influence strengthened the belief that the gods and goddesses are present in all things. Every element of nature, therefore, possesses its own power, which reflects the power of the gods. A rock, tree, dagger, or woven cloth is a potential home for spirits whose energy can be directed for good or evil. Balinese Hinduism is deeply interwoven with art and ritual, and is less closely preoccupied with scripture, law, and belief than Islam in Indonesia. Ritualizing states of self-control are a notable feature of religious expression among the people, who for this reason have become famous for their graceful and decorous behavior. ^[9]

Language

Balinese and Indonesian are the most widely spoken languages in Bali, and like most Indonesians, the vast majority of Balinese people are bilingual or trilingual. Balinese or simply Bali is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 3 Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them There are several indigenous Balinese languages, but most Balinese can also use the most widely spoken option: modern common Balinese. The usage of different Balinese languages was traditionally determined by the Balinese caste system and by clan membership, but this tradition is diminishing. The Balinese caste system is a system of social organization similar to the Indian caste system.

English is a common third language (and the primary foreign language) of many Balinese, owing to the requirements of the large tourism industry. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Staff working in Bali's tourist centres are often, by necessity, multilingual to some degree, speaking as many as 8 or 9 different languages to an often surprising level of competence.

Culture

Ogoh-ogoh monster in Ubud

Bali is renowned its diverse and sophisticated art forms, such as painting, sculpture, woodcarving, handcrafts, and performing arts. Ubud is a town on the Indonesian island of Bali. The town is located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the island's central foothills in the Balinese percussion orchestra music, known as gamelan, is highly developed and varied. A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and Balinese dances portray stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana but with heavy Balinese influence. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki Famous Balinese dances include pendet, legong, baris, topeng, barong, and kecak (the monkey dance). Pendet is a traditional Balinese dance in which offerings are made to purify the temple or theater as a prelude to ceremonies or other dances Baris is a traditional Dance of Bali, in which a solo dancer depicts the feelings of a young warrior prior to battle Topeng is an Indonesian form of Dance drama in which one or more dancers wear masks and perform ancient stories often concerning semi-mythical kings and princes Barong is a character in the mythology of Bali. He is the king of the spirits leader of the hosts of good, and enemy of Rangda in Kecak (pronounced /'ketʃak/ roughly "KEH-chahk" alternate spellings Ketjak, Ketjack, and Ketiak) a form of Balinese

The Hindu New Year, Nyepi, is celebrated in the spring by a day of silence. Nyepi is a Balinese "Day of Silence" that falls on Bali's Lunar New Year ( March 7, 2008) On this day everyone stays at home and tourists are encouraged to remain in their hotels. On the preceding day large, colorful sculptures of ogoh-ogoh monsters are paraded and finally burned in the evening to drive away evil spirits. Other festivals throughout the year are specified by the Balinese pawukon calendrical system. The word Calendar consist of two words 1 Cal ( in Pashto means Year in Hindi and Persian is Sal- also means Year

National education programs, mass media and tourism continue to change Balinese culture. Immigration from other parts of Indonesia, especially Java, is changing the ethnic composition of Bali's population.

The Balinese eat with their right hand, as the left is impure, a common belief throughout Indonesia. The Balinese do not hand or receive things with their left hand and would not wave at anyone with their left hand.

Gallery

Statue of rice goddess Dewi Sri — Ubud, Bali. Dewi Shri also seen as Dewi Sri is the Goddess of Rice on the island of Bali and Java. Ubud is a town on the Indonesian island of Bali. The town is located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the island's central foothills in the

Young Balinese dancers perform the ‘’Legong Keraton’’, created in the 18th century and based on a 13th century legend of the King of Lasem.

The Balinese are renowned for their sculpting.

Notes

References

• Miguel Covarrubias, Island of Bali, 1946. ISBN 962-593-060-4
• Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10518-5.  
• Greenway, Paul; Lyon, James. Wheeler, Tony (1999). Bali and Lombok. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. ISBN ISBN-0-86442-606-2.  
• Hinzler, Heidi (1995) Artifacts and Early Foreign Influences. From Oey, Eric (Editor) (1995). Bali. Singapore: Periplus Editions, pp. 24-25. ISBN 962-593-028-0.  
• Ricklefs, M. C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300, Second Edition. MacMillan. ISBN 0-333-57689-X.  
• Vickers, Adrian (1995), From Oey, Eric (Editor) (1995). Bali. Singapore: Periplus Editions, pp. 26-35. ISBN 962-593-028-0.  

Further reading

• Copeland, Jonathan in consultation with Ni Wayan Murni (2008). Secrets of Bali, Fresh Light on the Morning of the World. Jakarta: Gateway Books International.  
• Grant, Gaia (2002). A Patch of Paradise: A Women's Search for a Real Life on Bali. Sydney: Bantam Books. ISBN 1-86325-360-2.  
• Helmi, Rio; Walker, Barbara (1995). Bali Style. London: Times Editions Pte Ltd. ISBN 0-500-23714-X.  
• Lansing, J. Stephen (1983). Perfect Order: Recognizing Complexity in Bali (Princeton Studies in Complexity). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691027277.  
• Lansing, J. Stephen (1983). The Three Worlds of Bali. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 003063816X.  
• McPhee, Colin (2003). A House in Bali. Periplus Editions, Singapore, 2000 (first published in 1947 by Victor Gollancz Ltd. , London). ISBN 0-7864-1572-X.  
• Shavit, David (2003). Bali and the tourist industry: a history, 1906-1942. Jefferson, N. C. : McFarland & Co. ISBN 962-593-629-7.  
• Vaasmmiuyttredhft[114586632000254545]ickers, Adrian (1994). Travelling to Bali: Four Hundred Years of Journeys. Oxford University Press. ISBN 967-65-3081-6.  
• Whitten, T; Soeriaatmadja, R. E. , Suraya A. A. (1996). The Ecology of Java and Bali. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd.  
• Wijaya, M. (2002). Architecture of Bali: A source book of traditional and modern forms. Archipelago Press, Singapore. ISBN 981-4068-25-X.  

See also

• Balinese people
• Balinese art
• Tourism in Indonesia
• 2005 Java-Bali Blackout
• 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference

External links

• Official website
• Bali travel guide from Wikitravel
• Bali at the Open Directory Project