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Map of the main part of the Balaton principality (parts of the Dudleb County, of the Ptuj County, of the whole former Principality of Etgar, as well as territories in the east of the Danube and in the south of the Drava are not shown on this map)
Map of the main part of the Balaton principality (parts of the Dudleb County, of the Ptuj County, of the whole former Principality of Etgar, as well as territories in the east of the Danube and in the south of the Drava are not shown on this map)

The Balaton Principality (also called Pannonia, Lower Pannonia, Pannonian Principality, Transdanubian Principality or Slavic Pannonian State, 839/840-876) was a Slavic principality (duchy) located in the western part of the Pannonian plain, between the rivers Danube to its east (temporary also included territory in the east of the Danube), Drava to the south (temporary also included territory in the south of the Drava), Graz to the west, and Kőszeg or Klosterneuburg to the north (except for the territory between the Rába river, the Balaton and modern Budapest). Events By Place Europe Louis the Pious attempts to divide his empire among his sons Events By Place Europe After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Lothar, Charles the Bald and Louis the German Events Births Deaths Louis the German, King of East Francia Map-bms876 Simple876 The Pannonian Plain is a large Plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea dried out The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Drava or Drave ( German: Drau; Italian, Croatian, and Slovene: Drava; Hungarian: Dráva Graz (etymologically from Slovene: Gradec IPA /gradeʦ/ "little castle" with a population of around 290000 as of 2008 (of which 252852 have principal Kőszeg (Güns Croatian: Kiseg is a town in Vas county, Hungary. Klosterneuburg is a city in Lower Austria, Austria with a population of 24442 The Rába (Raab Rába Raba is a River in southeastern Austria and western Hungary and a tributary of the Danube. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political,

Contents

Name

In Slovak, the principality is known as Blatenské kniežatstvo, in Serbian and Croatian as Panonsko Kneževstvo (Панонско Кнежевство), in Hungarian as Balatoni Fejedelemség, and in Slovenian as Spódnja Panónija.

All the above names are modern names, because no name has been preserved from that time. The name "Balaton" is the Hungarian form of the original Slavic name - Blatno ("muddy") or a similar form - for that lake. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Frankish sources usually called the territory either simply "Pannonia" or identified it by the name of the then ruler of the principality.

History

The principality was one of the several Slavic states and groups connecting the areas inhabited by Slavs before they were divided into the northern and the southern Slavs by the conquests of the Franks, the arrival of the Magyars in Pannonia, and later by the expansion of the Romanians. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni

The Slavic people of that time were weakly differentiated, speaking closely related dialects of the same common language. The inhabitants of the Balaton Principality were most probably closely related to each of neighboring Slavic people: Great Moravians (Western Slavs[1]) to the north, Karantanians (Slovenes) to the west, Pannonian Croats to the south, and Serbs to the south-east, providing the bridge between those Slavic states and tribal unions. Great Moravia (see Name section was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century The West Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages. Carantania, also known as Carentania (Karantanija Karantanien in old Slovene Onomastics Korotan) was a Slavic Principality Slovenes or Slovenians ( Slovene Slovenci, dual Slovenca, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenke, dual Slovenki Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia,

The Slavic inhabitation of Pannonia started in the late 5th century after the fall of the Hunnic tribal union. Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy In the late 6th century the Slavs in the territory became subjects of the Avar tribal union (Avar Khaganate). The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. Attacks of Franks (led by Charles the Great), Slavs from present-day Moravia and Slovakia, and Bulgars (led by khan Krum) and internal feuds defeated the Avars in the late 8th century and the liberated Slavs of Pannonia started organizing semi-independent political units, although no concrete state was formed. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) were a seminomadic people probably of Turkic descent originally from Central Asia, The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. With the collapse of Avar power, western Pannonia (west of the Danube) fell under Frankish rule- which they organised into a military march, whilst south-eastern Pannonia was taken by the Bulgar Khans. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The March of Pannonia was a frontier march of the Carolingian Empire erected in the mid-ninth century against the threat of Great Moravia and lasting only The First Bulgarian Empire (Първo Българско царство Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632

Balaton Principality and neighbours c. 840 AD
Balaton Principality and neighbours c. 840 AD

In the course of the creation of Great Moravia in 833 to the north of the Danube, Pribina (Priwina), until then the Prince of the Principality of Nitra (Slovakia), was expelled from his country by Mojmír I of the Moravian principality. Great Moravia (see Name section was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century Events By Place Asia Al-Mu'tasim succeeds his brother Al-Ma'mun as Abbasid Caliph. Pribina, also called Priwina or Privina by Frankish chronicles was the ruler and Prince of the Principality of Nitra before 833 and established The Principality of Nitra or Nitrian Principality (Nitrianske kniežatstvo Nitriansko Nitrava is the name for a Slavic polity centered around Nitra Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Mojmír I (also Moymir or Moimir; c 795 &ndash 846 was the first known prince of the Моravian principality (?830-833 and the first prince of Great Moravia In 839 or 840, he was given the Frankish lands in Pannonia, where he founded the Balaton Principality (whose Slavic name means "Principality (Duchy) of the Muddy lake (or river)"). Events By Place Europe Louis the Pious attempts to divide his empire among his sons Events By Place Europe After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Lothar, Charles the Bald and Louis the German It was vassal to the Frankish empire, and was effectively a military buffer against the Franks enemies- Great Moravia and Bulgaria. Its capital was the Blatnograd (Blatnohrad, later called Mosapurc), a fortified city built at the Zala river (Zala in Hungarian, in Slavic languages "Blatna" or similar forms meaning Muddy river) between the small and large Balaton lakes (Balaton in Hungarian, in Slavic languages Blatno / Blatenské jazero or similar forms meaning Muddy lake). Zalavár is a village in Hungary, located in the Zala county It is located around southwest of the Lake Balaton Name In The Zala is a River in south-western Hungary. Its source is in the hills on the borders with Austria and Slovenia.

Statue of Kocel
Statue of Kocel

During the reign of Pribina's son, prince Kocel (Gozil, Koceľ, Kocelj, 861-876), in the summer of 867, it provided short-term hospitality to brothers Cyril and Methodius on their way from Great Moravia to the pope in Rome to justify the use of the Slavonic language as a liturgical language. Koceľ, also spelled Kocel, Kocelj, Gozil, Chezil, Chezilo, Chezul (c Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born Great Moravia (see Name section was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages They and their disciples turned Blatnograd into one of the centers that spread the knowledge of the new Slavonic script (Glagolitic alphabet) and literature, educating numerous future missionaries in their native language. The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet.

Although a Frankish vassal, it later started resisting the influence of German feudal lords and clergy, trying to organize an independent Slavic archdiocese. Eventually, after Kocel's death in 876, it was again made a direct part of the East Frankish Empire, run by the margriave of March of Carinthia. East ( ern) Francia ( Regnum Francorum orientalium) known variously as Francia Orientalis or the Kingdom of the East Franks, was the The March of Carinthia was a frontier district (march of the Carolingian Empire created in 889 In 884, the area was conquered by Great Moravia only to be retaken by East Frankish Empire again in 894. Events By Place Europe March 1 — Diego Rodríguez Porcelos founds and repopulates Burgos. In 896 the Franks gave the territory to the Slavic duke Braslav in fief. Events By Place Europe The Bulgarians under Simeon I, defeat the Byzantine Empire at Bulgarophygon Braslav or Bräslav was a Prince of Savia (Southern Pannonia Transsavian Croatia in 880-898/900 vassalaged to the Kingdom of East Francia. Soon afterwards, in 901 it was conquered by the Magyars, who became the new ruling core, but retained many elements of Slavic political organization. Events By Place Americas The Mesoamerican ballgame court is dedicated at Uxmal. Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. The territory became part of the arising Hungarian state. The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946

Parts of the principality

The principality consisted of:

Rulers

Sources

Notes

  1. ^ Poulik, Josef (1978). The Origins of Christianity in Slavonic Countries North of the Middle Danube Basin. Taylor&Francis Ltd. . Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
  2. ^ Dragan Brujić, Vodič kroz svet Vizantije - od Konstantina do pada Carigrada, drugo izdanje, Beograd, 2005.
  3. ^ Dragan Brujić, Vodič kroz svet Vizantije - od Konstantina do pada Carigrada, drugo izdanje, Beograd, 2005.
  4. ^ Grad Vukovar - Povijest
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