A bagel is a bread product traditionally made of yeasted wheat dough in the form of a roughly hand-sized ring which is first boiled in water and then baked. Bread is a Staple food prepared by Baking a Dough of Flour and Water. Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic Microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with about 1500 Species currently described Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior. Bagels are often topped with seeds baked onto the outer crust with the most traditional being poppy or sesame seeds. A poppy is any of a number of showy Flowers typically withone per stem, belonging to the poppy family. Sesame ( Sesamum indicum) is a Flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. Some even have salt sprinkled on the surface of the bagel. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants
It has become a popular bread product in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom especially in cities with large Jewish populations[1], such as Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Montreal, Toronto and London, each with different ways of making the bagel. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The City of New York Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Bagels were derived from the similarly shaped doughnuts and from the similarly textured bialys, primarily because of the cooking method amongst other differences. A doughnut (also spelled "donut" is a sweet Deep-fried piece of Dough or batter. Bialy, a Yiddish word short for bialystoker, from Białystok, a city in Poland, is a small roll that is a traditional dish in Polish Ashkenazi Russian bubliks are very similar to bagels, but are somewhat bigger, have a wider hole, and are drier and chewier. Booblik (бублик is a traditional Russian Bread roll very similar to Jewish Bagel; however it is somewhat bigger has a wider hole and much denser and chewier Pretzels, especially the large soft ones, are also very much like bagels, the main exceptions being the shape and the alkaline water bath that makes the surface dark and glossy. A pretzel is a bread pastry of German origin that has the shape of a three looped Knot or twisted braid
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History
The bagel was invented in Central Europe, possibly in Kraków (although now proved to be Germany) as a 1610 document mentions beygls given as a gift to women in childbirth. Sbitenshchik ( Russian: сбитенщик was a Sbiten vendor (sbiten – a hot winter Russian traditional drink) in old Russia Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a Human Pregnancy or This is cited as the earliest known reference, but the document is not absolutely clear about what a beygl is. Also uncertain is the relationship, if any, to the sweet Hungarian pastry, bejgli.
An oft-repeated story states that both the bagel as well as the croissant originated in 1683 in Vienna, Austria, when an Austrian baker created them to commemorate the victory in the Battle of Vienna over the Turks that sieged the city. For other things named Crescent see Crescent (disambiguation. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Battle of Vienna ( German: Schlacht am Kahlenberg, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci Similar to the crescent-like bend croissant (Hörnchen in German, little horn) which is said to have been inspired by the Turkish flags, the bagel is supposedly related to the victorious final cavalry charge led by King John III Sobieski of Poland. The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on John III Sobieski, (Jan III Sobieski (17 August 1629 - 17 June 1696 was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Thus, the baked good was fashioned in the form of a stirrup (German: Steigbügel, or the similar Bügel-shaped horseshoe, or saddle, tales vary). For the bone see Stapes. For other uses of the word stirrup see Stirrup (disambiguation. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A horseshoe is a U-shaped item made of metal or of modern synthetic materials nailed or glued to the Hooves of Horses and some other Draught A saddle is a supportive structure for a rider or other load fastened to an animal's back by a girth.
There was a tradition among many observant Jewish families to make bagels on Saturday evenings at the conlusion of the sabbath. They would not be permitted to cook during the sabbath and, compared with other types of bread, bagels could be baked very quickly as soon as it ended.
That the name originated from beugal (old spelling of Bügel, meaning bail/bow or bale) is considered plausible by many, both from the similarities of the word and because traditional handmade bagels are not perfectly circular but rather slightly stirrup-shaped. (This fact, however, may be due to the way the boiled bagels are pressed together on the baking sheet before baking. ) Also, variants of the word beugal are used in Yiddish and Austrian German to refer to a round loaf of bread (see Gugelhupf for an Austrian cake with a similar ring shape), or in southern German dialects (where beuge refers to a pile, e. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Austrian German ( Österreichisches Deutsch, Austrian Standard German) is the national standard variety of the German language spoken in Bread is a Staple food prepared by Baking a Dough of Flour and Water. A Gugelhupf or Kugelhupf is a southern German, Austrian Swiss and Alsatian term for a type of Cake. g. of wood Holzbeuge)
Since the middle of the 19th century, bakeries on Brick Lane & the surrounding area in London have been selling bagels (the local orthography is "beigel"). In the East End of London, bagels were traditionally sold in groups of three, which were referred to as a "prial" , a "prangle" or (less commonly) a "frackle" of bagels. They were often displayed in the windows of bakeries on vertical wooden rods of up to a metre in length in racks. Allegedly, it was here, before the widespread use of refrigeration that 'beigels' would be stored in large crates of earth that had been prebaked to remove insects, bacteria & other contaminants in an effort to keep their moisture & freshness.
The bagel came into more general use throughout North America in the last quarter of the 20th century, at least partly due to the efforts of bagel baker Harry Lender and Florence Sender, who pioneered the frozen bagel in the 1960s. The Montreal bagel, (sometimes beigel; Yiddish yi-Hebr בײגל beygl, or sometimes in French "beguel" is a distinctive variety of hand-made A poppy is any of a number of showy Flowers typically withone per stem, belonging to the poppy family. Sesame ( Sesamum indicum) is a Flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Lender's Bagels is a brand of bagels Lender's Bagel Bakery started when Harry Lender immigrated to the United States from Poland in 1927 Today, bagels are enjoyed all over the world, and have become one of the most popular breakfast foods.
STS-124 passenger, and ISS Expedition 17 crewmember, Montrealer Canadian astronaut Gregory Chamitoff, brought the first bagels into space, 3 bags (18 seasame seed bagels) of Fairmount Bagels with him. STS-124 was a Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' to the International Space Station. Expedition 17 is the 17th expedition to the International Space Station (ISS Gregory Errol Chamitoff is a NASA Astronaut. He has been assigned to Expedition 17 and flew to the International Space Station on STS-124 The Montreal bagel, (sometimes beigel; Yiddish yi-Hebr בײגל beygl, or sometimes in French "beguel" is a distinctive variety of hand-made [2] [3]
Varieties
The two most prominent styles of traditional bagel in North America are the Montreal-style bagel and the New York-style bagel. The Montreal bagel, (sometimes beigel; Yiddish yi-Hebr בײגל beygl, or sometimes in French "beguel" is a distinctive variety of hand-made The Montreal bagel contains malt and egg but no salt; it is boiled in honey-sweetened water before baking in a wood-fired oven; and it is predominantly either of the poppy "black" or sesame "white" seeds variety. Malting is a process applied to Cereal grains in which the grains are made to Germinate by soaking in water and are then quickly halted from germinating further The New York bagel contains salt and malt and is boiled in water prior to baking in a standard oven. The resulting New York bagel is puffy with a noticeable crust, while the Montreal bagel is smaller (though with a larger hole), chewier, and sweeter. Poppy seeds are sometimes called by their Yiddish name, spelled either mun or mon (written מאָן) which is very similar to the German word for poppy, Mohn, as used in Mohnbrötchen. The traditional London bagel (or beigel as it was pronounced) was harder and had a coarser texture with air bubbles.
Type of seasonings
In addition to the plain bagel and the standard poppy or sesame seeds, variants feature different seasonings on the outside, including garlic, onion, caraway, and salt. Allium sativum L, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the Onion family Alliaceae. Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan Caraway or Persian cumin ( Carum carvi) is a Biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and western Asia Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants
The "everything" bagel (also known as a "mish mosh" or "all dressed" bagel) is topped with a mixture of a large variety of toppings; the exact ingredients depend on the vendor. Poppy seeds, sesame seeds, onion flakes, caraway seeds, garlic flakes, pretzel salt, and pepper, are all popular toppings that most vendors use on an everything bagel.
Toppings on bagels
There are several different toppings that are popular on bagels. Bagels topped with cream cheese, lox (salt-cured salmon), tomato, and onion is a popular Jewish dish. Cream cheese is a sweet soft mild-tasting white Cheese, defined by the US Department of Agriculture as containing at least 33% Milkfat (as marketed Lox is Salmon fillet that has been cured. In its most popular form it is thinly sliced&mdashless than in thickness&mdashand typically served on a Jewish cuisine is a collection of international Cookery traditions linked by Jewish Dietary laws ( Kashrus) and Jewish holiday traditions A bagel can also be substituted for two slices of bread. In London, bagels are often eaten as a sandwich filled with salt beef. A sandwich is a food item made of two or more slices of Bread with one or more layers of a filling In the US and Canada Corned beef has two meanings One refers to a cut of Beef (usually Brisket, but sometimes round or silverside) Bagels are sometimes used as breakfast sandwiches, that are filled with eggs, cheese, ham, and other fillings. Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals consisting of an Ovum surrounded by layers of Membranes and an outer casing which acts to nourish Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. Ham is the Thigh and Rump of Pork, cut from the Haunch of a Pig or Boar. McDonald's has a line of breakfast bagel sandwiches that contain egg, cheese, and meat combinations between the bagel slices. Pizza bagels are another popular way to prepare bagels, in which they are sliced, then topped with tomato sauce and cheese and then toasted or re-baked. A pizza bagel is a Bread product traditionally topped with Pizza toppings
Non-traditional doughs and shapes
While normally and traditionally made of yeasted wheat, in the late 20th century, many variations on the bagel flourished. Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic Microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with about 1500 Species currently described Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Non-traditional versions which change the dough recipe include pumpernickel, rye, sourdough, bran, whole wheat, and multigrain. Pumpernickel is a type of German Bread traditionally made with coarsely-ground rye meal Rye ( Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop Sourdough (or more formally natural leaven or Levain) refers to the process of leavening Bread by capturing wild Yeasts Bran is the hard outer layer of Grain and consists of combined Aleurone and Pericarp. Whole grains are cereal grains that Bran and germ as well as the Endosperm, in contrast to Refined grains, which retain only Other variations change the flavor of the dough, often using salt, onion, garlic, egg, cinnamon, raisin, blueberry, chocolate chip, cheese, or some combination of the above. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan Allium sativum L, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the Onion family Alliaceae. An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals consisting of an Ovum surrounded by layers of Membranes and an outer casing which acts to nourish Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum, synonym C zeylanicum) is a small Evergreen Tree 10–15 metres (32 Raisins are dried Grapes They are produced in many regions of the world such as the United States, Australia, Chile, Blueberries are Flowering plants in the genus Vaccinium, sect Chocolate chips are small chunks of Chocolate. They are often sold in a round flat-bottomed teardrop shape Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. Green bagels are sometimes created for St. Patrick's Day. Saint Patrick's Day (Lá ’le Pádraig or Lá Fhéile Pádraig) colloquially St Many corporate chains now offer bagels in such flavors as chocolate chip and French toast.
Breakfast bagels, a softer, sweeter variety usually sold in fruity or sweet flavors (e. g. , cherry, strawberry, cheese, blueberry, cinnamon-raisin, chocolate chip, maple syrup, banana and nuts) are commonly sold by large supermarket chains; these are usually sold pre-sliced and are intended to be prepared in a toaster. A flat bagel, known as a flagel, can be found in a few locations in and around New York City and Toronto. It was initially developed by Goldberg's Famous and slowly started to span due to preferred sandwich sizes. A trademarked, sweet variant of the bagel known as the “Fragel" is produced by the Ann Arbor, Michigan based Bagel Factory, Inc. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. A special, bagel-based dough is fried and coated with cinnamon sugar. Cinnamon sugar is a mixture of ground Cinnamon and granulated Sugar used as a spice for desserts A sandwich chain called Così has created square bagels, or "squagels", as an alternative to round bagels in crafting bagel sandwiches which are often filled with luncheon meats. Così is an American Restaurant chain which primarily offers Gourmet sandwiches and salads. Cold cuts is a US term that refers to cheeses or precooked or cured meat often Sausages or meat loaves, that are sliced and usually served cold on Sandwiches
Preparation
![Bagels with cream cheese and lox (cured salmon) are considered a traditional part of Jewish cuisine[citation needed] (colloquially known as lox and a schmear).](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bagels'n'Lox.jpg/200px-Bagels'n'Lox.jpg)
At its most basic, traditional bagel dough contains wheat flour (without germ or bran), salt, water, and yeast leavening. Bread flour or other high gluten flours are preferred to create the firm and dense bagel shape and texture. Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability Gluten is a composite of the proteins Gliadin and Glutenin. These exist conjoined with Starch, in the Endosperms of some Most bagel recipes call for the addition of a sweetener to the dough, often barley malt (syrup or crystals), honey, or sugar. Leavening can be accomplished using either a sourdough technique or using commercially produced yeast.
Bagels are traditionally made by:
- mixing and kneading the ingredients to form the dough
- shaping the dough into the traditional bagel shape, round with a hole in the middle
- proofing the bagels for at least 12 hours at low temperature (40-50 degrees F = 4. 5-10 ℃)
- boiling each bagel in water that may or may not contain additives such as lye, baking soda, barley malt syrup, or honey
- baking at between 175 ℃ and 315 ℃ (about 350 to 600 degrees F)
It is this unusual production method which is said to give bagels their distinctive taste, chewy texture, and shiny appearance. In the context of Jewish culture, this process provided an additional advantage in that it could be followed without breaking the no-work rule of the Sabbath. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath The dough would be prepared on the day before, chilled during the day, and cooked and baked only after the end of the Sabbath, therefore using the Sabbath as a productive time in the bagel-making process (as the dough needs to slowly rise in a chilled environment for a time before cooking).
In recent years, a variant of this process has emerged, producing what is sometimes called the steam bagel. To make a steam bagel, the process of boiling is skipped, and the bagels are instead baked in an oven equipped with a steam injection system. [4] In commercial bagel production, the steam bagel process requires less labor, since bagels need only be directly handled once, at the shaping stage. Thereafter, the bagels need never be removed from their pans as they are refrigerated and then steam-baked.
Bagels are sometimes presliced, but other times they must be cut by the consumer. Improper cutting technique has led to many bagel-related lacerations. Mark Smith, head of George Washington University's Department of Emergency Medicine noted, "The bagel is inherently unstable because it's round. The George Washington University ( GW or GWU) is a private coeducational university located in Washington D In fact there are two unstable surfaces: the knife against the bagel and the bagel against the table. . . I theorize that it's difficult to modulate the force needed to get through the exterior once you hit the doughy part, and you cut your finger. "[5]
In order to cut a bagel safely one should use the following technique: place the bagel flat on the table with one hand on top firmly holding the bagel in place. Using a bread knife one should slice the bagel halfway through, keeping the blade horizontal to the table then stand the bagel on its end, and finish slicing downward while gripping the upper sliced half. Photos of the described technique can be found here: www. ehow. com/how_2275428_cut-bagel-safely. html
Bagels around the world
In Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, the bublik is essentially a very enlarged bagel. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Booblik (бублик is a traditional Russian Bread roll very similar to Jewish Bagel; however it is somewhat bigger has a wider hole and much denser and chewier Other ring-shaped pastries known among East Slavs are baranki (smaller and drier) and sushki (even smaller and drier). The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. Sushki (Сушки is a traditional Russian type of tea bread
In Lithuania bagels are called riestainiai and sometimes the Slavic name baronkos. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the
The Uyghurs of Xinjiang, China enjoy a form of bagel known as girdeh nan (from Persian, meaning round bread) , which is one of several types of nan, the bread eaten in Xinjiang. The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For the kibbutz see Na'an Naan ( Urdu / Persian: نان, नान ਨਾਨ nɑːn is a round Flatbread [6] It is uncertain if the Uyghur version of the bagel was developed independently of Europe or was the actual origin of the bagels that appeared in Central Europe.
In Turkey, a salty and fattier form is called açma. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The ring-shaped simit is sometimes marketed as a Turkish Bagel. A simit ( Turkish) koulouri ( Greek: κουλούρι đevrek ( Serbian: ђеврек or gevrek (геврек is a circular
In some parts of Austria, ring-shaped pastries called Beugel are sold in the weeks before Easter. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Like a bagel, the yeasted wheat dough, usually flavored with caraway, is boiled before baking, however, the Beugel is crispy and can be stored for weeks. Caraway or Persian cumin ( Carum carvi) is a Biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and western Asia Traditionally it has to be torn apart by two individuals before eating.
The pronunciation and spelling of “bagel” varies between communities. In Canada, for instance, people from Toronto and Montreal, pronounce it like bay, the correct Yiddish pronunciation, whereas people from the smaller towns of Northern Ontario and the East coast of Canada tend to pronounce the first syllable as bag, as in in shopping bag. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec In addition, some American bagelmakers (particularly New England producer Zeppy's) spell the word "baigel," while maintaining the typical pronunciation.
On Brick Lane in East London there are two long established bagel shops in which the item is spelled beigel, with pronunciation to match. Brick Lane ( Bangla: ব্রিক লেন is a long street in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
In Romania, bagels are popular topped with sesame seeds or large salt grains, especially in the central area of the country. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania They are sold as covrigi.
"Bagel" is also referred to as a Yeshivish term to one who sleeps 12 hours straight. Yeshivish is a form of English spoken mainly by English-speaking Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews who attend or Thus called a bagel as the clock goes around in a full circle.
References
- ^ Simpletoremember. com. "World Jewish Population, Analysis by City", 2001. Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
- ^ CTV. ca Montreal-born astronaut brings bagels into space Sun. Jun. 1 2008 7:29 PM ET ; CTV National News - 1 June 2008 - 11pm TV newscast
- ^ The Gazette (Montreal), Here's proof: Montreal bagels are out of this world, IRWIN BLOCK, Tuesday June 3 2008, Section A, Page A2
- ^ Reinhart, P, The Bread Baker's Apprentice. Ten Speed Press, 2001, p. 115.
- ^ Loose, Cindy (February 25, 1995). Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Experiencing a Slice of Bagel Life: The Less Adept Find the Cutting Edge of a Round Bun. Washington Post. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D
- ^ (Allen, Thomas B. (March 1996). Xinjiang. National Geographic Magazine, p. 36–37. )
See also
- Appetizing store
- Bagel toast
- Bagel (Racial Slur)
External links
- Bagel History on BBC
- Emeril Lagasse's recipe at foodnetwork. An appetizing store typically in reference to Jewish cuisine, is best understood as a store that sells "the Foods one eats with Bagels " "Appetizing" Bagel toast (בייגל טוסט is a modern Israeli snack composed of a very large pressed toasted Bagel filled with Cheeses and Vegetables com
- A documentary film on two famous factories in Montréal, St Viateur and Fairmount
- Bagel Making Video #1
- Bagel Making Video #2
- Bagel Making Video #3
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