A bactericide or bacteriocide is a substance that kills bacteria and, preferably, nothing else. The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have Bactericides are either disinfectants, antiseptics or antibiotics. Disinfectants are Antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy Microorganisms, the process of which is known as disinfection. Antiseptics (from Greek αντί - anti, '"against" + σηπτικός - septikos, "putrefactive" are antimicrobial In modern usage an antibiotic is a Chemotherapeutic agent with activity against Microorganisms such as Bacteria, fungi or Protozoa

Contents 1 Important Functional Groups in a Bactericidal Substance 2 Bactericidal antiseptics 3 Bactericidal antibiotics 4 See also

Important Functional Groups in a Bactericidal Substance

The most used bactericidal disinfectants are those applying

• active chlorine (i. Disinfectants are Antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy Microorganisms, the process of which is known as disinfection. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and e. , hypochlorites, chloramines, dichloroisocyanurate and trichloroisocyanurate, wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide etc. The hypochlorite Ion is Cl[[Oxygen O]]− A hypochlorite compound is a Chemical compound containing this group with chlorine in Oxidation Chloramine (monochloramine is a Chemical compound with the formula NH2Cl Chlorine dioxide is a Chemical compound with the formula ClO2 ),
• active oxygen (peroxides, such as peracetic acid, potassium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate and urea perhydrate),
• iodine (iodpovidone (povidone-iodine, Betadine), Lugol's solution, iodine tincture, iodinated nonionic surfactants),
• concentrated alcohols (mainly ethanol, 1-propanol, called also n-propanol and 2-propanol, called isopropanol and mixtures thereof; further, 2-phenoxyethanol and 1- and 2-phenoxypropanols are used),
• phenolic substances (such as phenol (also called "carbolic acid"), cresols (called "Lysole" in combination with liquid potassium soaps), halogenated (chlorinated, brominated) phenols, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan, trichlorophenol, tribromophenol, pentachlorophenol, Dibromol and salts thereof),
• cationic surfactants, such as some quaternary ammonium cations (such as benzalkonium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide or chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride) and others, non-quarternary compounds, such as chlorhexidine, glucoprotamine, octenidine dihydrochloride etc. Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the A peroxide is a compound containing an Oxygen -oxygen single bond. Peracetic acid ( peroxyacetic acid, or PAA) is a Chemical in the Organic peroxide family Iodine (ˈaɪədaɪn ˈaɪədɪn or /ˈaɪədiːn/ from ιώδης iodes "violet" is a Chemical element that has the symbol I and Atomic Lugol's iodine, also known as Lugol's solution, first made in 1829 is a solution of elemental Iodine and potassium iodide in water named after the French In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Propan-1-ol is a primary Alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH Isopropyl alcohol (also isopropanol, iso, isopro, Rubbing alcohol, or the abbreviation IPA) is a common name for Isopropyl alcohol (also isopropanol, iso, isopro, Rubbing alcohol, or the abbreviation IPA) is a common name for Phenoxyethanol is an organic chemical compound, a Glycol ether often used in Dermatological products such as skin creams In Organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of Chemical compounds consisting of a Hydroxyl group (- Phenol, is a toxic colourless Crystalline Solid with a sweet tarry odor commonly referred to as a "hospital smell" Cresols are Organic compounds which are methyl[[phenol]]s They are a widely occurring natural and manufactured group of Aromatic Organic compounds Hexachlorophene, also known as Nabac is a Disinfectant related to the herbicides 245-T and 24-D. Triclosan ( IUPAC name: 5-chloro-2-(24-dichlorophenoxyphenol is a potent wide spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent A trichlorophenol is any Organochloride of Phenol that contains three covalently bonded Chlorine atoms Pentachlorophenol (PCP is a synthetic substance that was first produced in the 1930s Benzalkonium chloride, also known as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and ADBAC, is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides of various even-numbered Cetrimonium bromide ((C16H33N(CH33Br is one of the components of the topical Antiseptic cetrimide Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is an Antiseptic / Disinfectant, which is used in many biocidal applications Cetylpyridinium chloride ( CPC) is a Cationic Quaternary ammonium compound in some types of Mouthwashes Toothpastes Lozenges Benzethonium chloride is a synthetic Quaternary ammonium salt. Chlorhexidine is a chemical Antiseptic.It kills (is bactericidal to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative Microbes although it is less effective ),
• strong oxidizers, such as ozone and permanganate solutions;
• heavy metals and their salts, such as colloidal silver, silver nitrate, mercury chloride, phenylmercury salts, copper sulfate, copper oxide-chloride etc. An oxidizing agent or oxidising agent (also called an oxidant, oxidizer or oxidiser) can be defined as either a Chemical compound OZONE is an object oriented Operating system written in the C programming language. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Silver nitrate also known as lunar caustic is a soluble Chemical compound with Chemical formula Ag[[Nitrogen N]] O 3 Organomercury refers to the group of organometallic compounds that contain mercury. Copper(II sulfate is the Chemical compound with the formula Cu[[Sulfur S]] O 4 Heavy metals and their salts are the most toxic, and environment-hazardous bactericides and therefore, their use is strongly oppressed or canceled; further, also
• properly concentrated strong acids (phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, amidosulfuric, toluenesulfonic acids) and
• alkalis (sodium, potassium, calcium hydroxides),

such as of pH < 1 or > 13, particularly under elevated temperature (above 60°C), kills bacteria. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal

Bactericidal antiseptics

As antiseptics (i. Antiseptics (from Greek αντί - anti, '"against" + σηπτικός - septikos, "putrefactive" are antimicrobial e. , germicide agents that can be used on human or animal body, skin, mucoses, wounds and the like), few of the above mentioned disinfectants can be used, under proper conditions (mainly concentration, pH, temperature and toxicity toward man/animal). Among them, important are some

• properly diluted chlorine preparations (f. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and e. Daquin's solution, 0. 5% sodium or potassium hypochlorite solution, pH-adjusted to pH 7 - 8, or 0. 5 - 1% solution of sodium benzenesulfochloramide (chloramine B)), some
• iodine preparations, such as iodopovidone in various galenics (oinment, solutions, wound plasters), in the past also Lugol's solution,
• peroxides as urea perhydrate solutions and pH-buffered 0. Chloramine (monochloramine is a Chemical compound with the formula NH2Cl Iodine (ˈaɪədaɪn ˈaɪədɪn or /ˈaɪədiːn/ from ιώδης iodes "violet" is a Chemical element that has the symbol I and Atomic An Iodophor is a preparation containing Iodine complexed with a solubilizing agent such as a surfactant or Povidone (forming Povidone-iodine Lugol's iodine, also known as Lugol's solution, first made in 1829 is a solution of elemental Iodine and potassium iodide in water named after the French A peroxide is a compound containing an Oxygen -oxygen single bond. For an individual weak acid or weak base component see Buffering agent. 1 - 0. 25% peracetic acid solutions,
• alcohols with or without antiseptic additives, used mainly for skin antisepsis,
• weak organic acids such as sorbic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid and salicylic acid
• some phenolic compounds, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan and Dibromol, and
• cation-active compounds, such as 0. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon An organic acid is an Organic compound with Acidic properties Sometimes confused with Ascorbic acid, Vitamin C. Sorbic acid, or 24-hexadienoic acid is a natural Organic compound Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest Aromatic Carboxylic acid Lactic acid ( IUPAC Systematic name: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid) also known as milk acid, is a Chemical compound that plays a role Salicylic acid (from the Latin word for the willow tree Salix, from whose bark it can be obtained is a Beta hydroxy acid (BHA with the formula Phenol, is a toxic colourless Crystalline Solid with a sweet tarry odor commonly referred to as a "hospital smell" Hexachlorophene, also known as Nabac is a Disinfectant related to the herbicides 245-T and 24-D. Triclosan ( IUPAC name: 5-chloro-2-(24-dichlorophenoxyphenol is a potent wide spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent 05 - 0. 5% benzalkonium, 0. 5 - 4% chlorhexidine, 0. 1 - 2% octenidine solutions.

Others are generally not applicable as safe antiseptics, either because of their corrosive or toxic nature. Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism

Bactericidal antibiotics

Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria; bacteriostatic antibiotics only slow their growth or reproduction. In modern usage an antibiotic is a Chemotherapeutic agent with activity against Microorganisms such as Bacteria, fungi or Protozoa Bacteriostatic Antibiotics limit the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacterial Protein production DNA replication or other aspects of

Penicillin is a bactericide, as are cephalosporins, all belonging to the group of β-lactam antibiotics. Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen) is a group of Beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of Bacterial Infections The cephalosporins (ˌsɛfələˈspɔrən/ /ˌkɛfə- are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. They act in a bactericidal manner (by disrupting cell wall precursor leading to lysis). Lysis ( Greek, lysis from lyein = to separate refers to the death of a cell by breaking of the cellular membrane often by viral or osmotic

Aminoglycosidic antibiotics are usually considered bactericidal, although they may be bacteriostatic with some organisms. An aminoglycoside is a molecule composed of a sugar group and an Amino group They act by binding irreversibly to 30s ribosomal subunit, reducing translation fidelity leading to inaccurate protein synthesis). Ribosomes ( from ribo nucleic acid and "Greek soma ( meaning body") are complexes of RNA and Protein that Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins using DNA and' RNA'. The other effect is the inhibition of protein synthesis due to premature separation of the complex between mRNA and ribosomal proteins. The final result is bacterial cell death.

Other bactericidal antibiotics include the fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans, vancomycin, monobactams, co-trimoxazole, and metronidazole. The quinolones are a family of synthetic Broad-spectrum antibiotics. Vancomycin ( INN) (ˌvæŋkoʊˈmaɪsɪn is a Glycopeptide Antibiotic used in the Prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Monobactams are Beta-lactam antibiotics wherein the beta-lactam ring is alone and not fused to another ring (in contrast to most other beta-lactams which have at least Co-trimoxazole (abbreviated SXT TMP-SMX TMP-SMZ or TMP-sulfa is an Sulphonamide, Antibacterial combination of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole Metronidazole ( INN) (mɛtrəˈnaɪdəzoʊl is a Nitroimidazole anti-infective medication used mainly in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible

See also

• Microbicide

A microbicide is any compound or substance whose purpose is to reduce the infectivity of microbes such as Viruses or bacteria.

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