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Baby Einstein is a line of multimedia products and toys that specializes in interactive activities for children aged 3 months to 3 years old. Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content forms. This article is about playthings For other uses of the term see Toy (disambiguation. CHILD syndrome (or congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects) is a genetic disorder Subjects such as classical music, art, and poetry are prominently explored. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual These products are currently made by a division of the Walt Disney Company, marketed under the slogan, "Where Discovery Begins". A slogan is a memorable Motto or Phrase used in a Political, commercial, Religious and other context as a repetitive expression of

While popular with many parents who desire to provide an early boost to their children's cognitive development, products of this sort find little support among experts in the field of early childhood education, who emphasize the crucial role of "hands-on", experiential learning through exploration and manipulation of the child's physical environment. The Theory of Cognitive Development (one of the most historically influential theories was developed by Jean Piaget, a Swiss Philosopher (1896–1980 Early childhood education regards Education in Early childhood, which are the most vulnerable stages in a persons life Experiential education is a philosophy of education that focuses on the transactive process between teacher and student involved in direct experience with the learning environment

In August 2007, researchers at the University of Washington published a study which found that the use of Baby Einstein DVDs/videos correlates to smaller vocabularies in children 6 to 18 months old. See Washington (disambiguation for other uses The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research University The Baby Einstein Company and its parent, the Walt Disney Company, have taken issue with the findings of the study. (see below)

Contents

History

The Baby Einstein Company was founded in 1997 by Julie Aigner-Clark at her home in suburban Denver, Colorado. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States Aigner-Clark and her husband, Bill Clark, invested $18,000 of their savings to produce the initial product, a VHS/DVD video called Baby Einstein, later sold as Language Nursery. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is

The original video shows a variety of toys and visuals interspersed with music, stories, numbers, and words of many languages. This first video was popular with some parents, and Aigner-Clark eventually convinced a national retailer to test-market the video in six of its stores. Eventually, the video was marketed across the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Other videos followed, some featuring the Clarks' two daughters, Aspen and Sierra. A daughter is a Female offspring; a Girl, Woman, or female animal in relation to her Parents The male equivalent is a Son

Baby Einstein became a multi-million dollar franchise; its revenue grew from $1 million in 1998[1] to around $10 million in 2000. A media franchise is an Intellectual property involving the characters, setting, and Trademarks of an original work of media (usually [2] Aigner-Clark sold a 20% stake in the company to Artisan Entertainment in February 2000 and sold the rest to The Walt Disney Company for an undisclosed amount in November 2001. Artisan Entertainment was a privately held independent American Movie studio until it was purchased by Lionsgate & Universal Studios Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [3] The franchise is named after and pays significant royalties to the estate of deceased physicist Albert Einstein, putting him in the top 5 of most earning dead celebrities, according to Forbes. Royalties (sometimes running royalties) are usage-based payments made by one party (the "licensee" to another (the "licensor" for ongoing use of an Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly [4]

As a subsidiary of Disney, the production budgets were increased and the concept was expanded to teach more complex topics that would appeal to preschoolers, including Baby MacDonald, a video about agriculture. A subsidiary, in business matters is an entity that is controlled by a bigger and more powerful entity Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Titles currently available include Baby Bach Musical Adventure, Baby da Vinci From Head To Toe, Baby Monet Discovering The Seasons, and Baby Newton World of Shapes. A line of educational toys was also developed. In 2005, the franchise inspired a Disney Channel animated television series called Little Einsteins. For the Disney Channel in other countries see Disney Channel around the world. An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer Little Einsteins is an Animated television series on Playhouse Disney which began as a direct-to-video movie Our Big Huge Adventure

The official Baby Einstein website is available in 7 languages, with specific content for 12 different countries.

On January 23, 2007 The Baby Einstein Company was mentioned in the State of the Union address by President George W. Bush. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Aigner-Clark, along with other notable U. S. citizens, was invited to sit in the gallery during the speech, and was recognized by Bush during his presentation to the nation. Bush has been criticized for so recognizing Aigner-Clark, whose claim to fame is the creation of a media franchise which plays off "the status anxiety of neurotic parents. " Agner-Clark's Husband, William E. Clark, had donated $5,150 to the RNC and Bush in 2004. The Republican National Committee (RNC provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. [5]

Although Julie Aigner-Clark no longer owns or operates the company she founded, she is visibly active as a consultant and spokesperson for the series. A consultant (from the Latin consultare means "to discuss" from which we also derive words such as consul and counsel) is a Professional A spokesman ( spokeswoman or spokesperson) is someone engaged to speak on behalf of others In each video, she can be seen in advertisements promoting the series. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Since selling to Disney, Aigner-Clark has been working on "The Safe Side," which instructs elementary-aged kids about safety around strangers. The video teams her with John Walsh, host of America's Most Wanted. America's Most Wanted is an American TV show produced by 20th Century Fox, and is the longest-running program of any kind in the history [6]

Complaint to FTC

In May 2006, the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood filed a lawsuit and a complaint with the U. S. Federal Trade Commission against the makers of Baby Einstein and other similar series geared toward very young children. The Federal Trade Commission ( FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act They alleged false advertising by these companies, citing the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation that children under two should be discouraged from watching television at all,[7] and a study showing that only six percent of parents are aware of that recommendation,[8][9] while 49 percent of parents think educational videos like these are very important in the intellectual development of children. False advertising is the use of false or misleading statements in Advertising. The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) is an organization of Pediatricians physicians trained to deal with the medical care of infants children and adolescents Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic

Controversy over effects on language development

In August 2007, the Journal of Pediatrics published a preprint version of the results of a study by researchers at the University of Washington on the effects of television and DVD/video viewing on language development in children under two years of age. A preprint is a draft of a Scientific paper that has not yet been published in a Peer-reviewed Scientific journal. See Washington (disambiguation for other uses The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research University The study, the second conducted by the same researchers as part of a larger project, was a correlational study based on telephone interviews with parents of children aged 2 to 24 months.

The study's authors, Drs. Frederick Zimmerman, Dimitri Christakis, and Andrew Meltzoff, concluded that, among infants aged 8 to 16 months, exposure to "baby DVDs/videos" — such as Baby Einstein and Brainy Baby — was strongly associated with lower scores on a standard language development test. Andrew N Meltzoff (born February 9, 1950) is an American psychologist and an internationally recognized expert on infant and Child development In Statistics, an association comes from two variables that are related and is often confused with Causality though association does not imply a causal relationship Language development is a process that starts early in human life when a person begins to acquire Language by learning it as it is spoken and by mimicry This result was specific to baby-oriented educational videos and did not hold for other types of media, and was not related to shared parental viewing. Among toddlers aged 17 to 24 months, the study found no significant effects, either negative or positive, for any of the forms of media that were viewed. Toddler is a common term for a young Child who is learning to walk or "toddle", generally considered to be the second stage of development after infancy In Statistics, a result is called statistically significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by Chance. Daily reading and storytelling, however, were found to be associated with somewhat higher language scores, especially for toddlers. [10]

The University of Washington press release announcing the study explained that for each hour-per-day spent watching baby DVDs/videos, infants understood on average six to eight fewer words than infants who did not watch them, and recommended that parents limit their use. "There is no clear evidence of a benefit coming from baby DVDs and videos and there is some suggestion of harm," said lead author Frederick Zimmerman. "We don't know for sure that baby DVDs and videos are harmful, but the best policy is safety first. Parents should limit their exposure as much as possible. "[11]

Christakis, a pediatrician, said that he is "frequently asked by parents what the value of these products is," and stated, "The evidence is mounting that they are of no value and may in fact be harmful. Given what we now know, I believe the onus is on the manufacturers to prove their claims that watching these programs can positively impact children's cognitive development. "[12]

In response to the negative media reports generated by the study and the press release, the Baby Einstein Company issued the following statement:

Baby Einstein is committed to maintaining the highest standards in the development of all of our products. After thoroughly analyzing the University of Washington study, we have serious concerns about the many contradictions between the study's conclusions and the content of its press release that created publicity which incorrectly suggests that this study focused on Baby Einstein products. In fact, the report concludes by stating “The analysis presented here is not a direct test of the developmental impact of viewing baby DVDs/videos. We did not test through experimental manipulation whether viewing baby DVDs/videos has a positive or negative impact on vocabulary acquisition. ”[13]

On August 13, 2007, Robert Iger, president and CEO of the Walt Disney Company, the owner of Baby Einstein, demanded that the University of Washington retract the press release, asserting that the study itself doesn’t support the claims made by the University’s public relations department. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [14][15] On August 16, University of Washington President Mark A. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Emmert rejected Disney's complaints, saying that the university stands behind the research and that the press release accurately reflected the paper's conclusions and the scientists' commentary. [16]

References

  1. ^ Eric Hubler (1999-03-12). "Baby videos spell big money Mom turns 'Einstein' into million- dollar enterprise". Denver Post.  
  2. ^ Daisy Whitney (2001-05-30). "Nurturing a 'Baby' boom Littleton woman's line of videos, CDs a hit with children". Denver Post.  
  3. ^ "Artisan Entertainment Acquires Rights to Distribute Branded Developmental Series From The Baby Einstein Company", Business Wire, 2000-02-10. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead  
  4. ^ (Reuters) (2006-10-25). "Cobain is the new Elvis (Most earning dead celebrities)". Syndey Morning Herald.  
  5. ^ Timothy Noah. Bush's Baby Einstein Gaffe. Slate.
  6. ^ (CBS) (2005-06-24). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Going Beyond Baby Einstein: company founder on what's next. CBSnews. com.
  7. ^ American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Public Education (February 2001). The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) is an organization of Pediatricians physicians trained to deal with the medical care of infants children and adolescents "Children, Adolescents, and Television (policy statement)". Pediatrics 107: 423-426. Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics) is the branch of Medicine that deals with the medical care of Infants Children and Adolescents  
  8. ^ Josh Golin (January 2007). Putting the Book Back in Book Fair. Mothering (magazine). Mothering is the bimonthly magazine of natural family living started in 1976 Retrieved on 2007-08-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar.
  9. ^ Michelle M. Garrison and Dimitri A. Christakis. New Report on Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers, and Preschoolers. Kaiser Family Foundation. The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF, or just Kaiser Family Foundation, is a U Retrieved on 2007-08-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar.
  10. ^ F. J. Zimmerman, D. A. Christakis, and A. N. Meltzoff (online 2007-08-07). "Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years". Journal of Pediatrics.  
  11. ^ Joel Schwartz (2007-08-07). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Baby DVDs, videos may hinder, not help, infants' language development. University of Washington (press release).
  12. ^ Joel Schwartz (2007-08-07). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Baby DVDs, videos may hinder, not help, infants' language development. University of Washington (press release).
  13. ^ Theresa Marchetta (2007-08-08). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Study Targets Infant Videos Finds Too Much TV, Too Few Words. TheDenverChannel. com. Retrieved on 2007-08-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar.
  14. ^ Robert A. Iger (2007-08-13). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. The Walt Disney Company demands retraction from the University of Washington for misleading press release. Baby Einstein press release.
  15. ^ Meg Marco (2007-08-13). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Walt Disney Demands Retraction From University of Washington Over Baby Einstein Video Press Release. Consumerist. com. Retrieved on 2007-08-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar.
  16. ^ UW President rejects Disney complaints. University of Washington press release (2007-08-16). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting

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