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Bağlama
Bağlama
Classification
Related instruments

The bağlama is a stringed musical instrument shared by various cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean, Near East, and Central Asia. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Plucked string instruments are a subcategory of String instruments that are played by plucking the strings Plucking is a way of pulling and releasing the string in A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The bouzouki ( gr το μπουζούκι pl. τα μπουζούκια (plural sometimes transliterated as bouzoukia) is the mainstay of modern Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The buzuq ( Arabic: بزق; also transliterated bozuq, bouzouk, etc Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية The saz (from Persian:) is a family of Plucked string instruments popular in Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The term tanbūr ( Persian: تنبور) can refer to various long-necked Fretted Lutes originating in the Middle East For other uses of this term including another kind of musical instrument see Tar (disambiguation. The dutar ( Persian: دو تار, Uzbek: dutor (also dotar or doutar) is a traditional long-necked two-stringed Lute Setar ( Persian: سه ‌تار, from seh, meaning "three" and tār, meaning "string" is a Persian musical instrument For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a Musical instrument that produces Sound by means of Vibrating strings In the Hornbostel-Sachs A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic This is a list of Islands in the Mediterranean Sea: By area By country Croatia Croatian islands B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south In Turkish, bağlamak means "to tie," a reference to the tied-on frets of the instrument. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Like most stringed instruments, it can either be played with a plectrum (i. Often called a pick or plec, a plectrum is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument. e. , pick) or with a fingerpicking style known as şelpe. Fingerstyle guitar is the technique of playing the Guitar by plucking the strings directly with the fingertips fingernails or picks attached to fingers as opposed to

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Turkish bağlama

The bağlama, sometimes referred to as a saz or a member of the saz family, is a Turkish instrument that is fundamental in Turkish folk music. The saz (from Persian:) is a family of Plucked string instruments popular in Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language Turkish folk music ( Türk Halk Müziği) has combined the distinct cultural values of all those civilisations which have lived in Anatolia and the Ottoman Its name literally translates to "something that is tied up. " It is a stringed instrument consisting of 7 strings divided into groups of 2, 2, and 3. These groups of strings can be tuned to different combinations, each corresponding to a different system.

The bağlama is believed to be a synthesis of historical musical instruments in Central Asia and pre-Turkish Anatolia. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black It is the most commonly used string folk instrument in Turkey, and it takes different names according to the region it's found in and its size: Bağlama, Divan Sazı, Bozuk, Çöğür, Kopuz Irızva, Cura, Tambura, etc. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

The cura is the smallest member of the bağlama family, with the highest-pitched sound. One size larger than the cura is the tambura, which is tuned an octave lower than the cura. The Divan sazı is the largest instrument in the family and is tuned one octave lower than the tambura. The bağlama has three main parts, called tekne (the bowl); göğüs (sounding board); and sap (neck). The sounding board or soundboard is the part of a String instrument that transmits the vibrations of the strings to the air greatly increasing the Loudness The neck is the part of certain String instruments that projects from the main body and is the base of the Fingerboard, where the fingers are placed to stop the strings The tekne is generally made from mulberry wood but may also be made of juniper, beech, spruce, or walnut. The göğüs is made from spruce, and the sap section from beech or juniper. The tuning pegs are known as burgu (literally screw). A screw is a shaft with a helical groove or thread formed on its surface and provision at one end to turn the screw Frets are tied to the tekne with fishing line, which allows them to be adjusted. The bağlama is usually played with a tezene (similar to a guitar pick) and is made from cherrywood bark or plastic. A guitar pick is a type of Plectrum designed for use on a Guitar. In some regions, it is played with the fingers in a style known as Şelpe or Şerpe. There are three string groups, or courses, on the bağlama, with strings double or tripled. A course is a pair or more of adjacent strings tuned to unison or an octave and usually played together as if a single string These string groups can be tuned in a variety of ways, known as düzen. For the bağlama düzeni, the most common tuning, the courses are tuned from top downward, A-G-D. Some other düzens are Kara Düzen (C-G-D), Misket Düzeni (A-D-F), Müstezat (A-D-F), Abdal Düzeni, and Rast Düzeni. There are also electronic bağlamas, which can be connected to an amplifier. These can have either single or double pickups.

The kopuz and the bağlama

The kopuz, or komuz, differs from the bağlama in that it has a leather-covered body, a fingerboard without frets, and two or three strings made of sheep gut, wolf gut, or horsehair. The komuz ( Kyrgyz: комуз koˈmuz is an ancient Fretless String instrument used in Kyrgyz music closely related to other It is played by beating with the fingers, rather than by plucking with a plectrum.

The Turkish settlement of Anatolia from the late tenth century onward saw the introduction of a two-string Turkmen dutar, which was played in some areas of Turkey until recent times. The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black This article is about the Turkmen people of Turkmenistan. For the distinct group of Turk peoples of Iraq see Iraqi Turkmen. The dutar ( Persian: دو تار, Uzbek: dutor (also dotar or doutar) is a traditional long-necked two-stringed Lute Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches According to the historian Hammer, metal strings were first used on a type of kopuz with a long fingerboard known as the kolca kopuz in 15th-century Anatolia. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black This marked the first step in the emergence of the çöğür (cogur), a transitional instrument between the kopuz and the bağlama. According to 17th-century writer Evliya Celebi, the cogur was first made in the city of Kütahya in western Turkey. Evliya Çelebi (اوليا چلبي the son of the imperial goldsmith Derviş Mehmed Zılli ( March 25 (? 1611 &ndash 1682 was the most famous Ottoman Kütahya is a city in western Turkey with 213000 inhabitants (2007 estimate lying on the Porsuk river at 930 metres above sea level To take the strain of the metal strings, the leather body was replaced with wood, the fingerboard was lengthened, and frets were introduced. Instead of five hair strings, there were now twelve metal strings, arranged in four groups of three. Today, the cogur is smaller than a medium-size bağlama.

Meanwhile, the five-string kopuz is thought to have been transformed into the six-string instrument known as the sestar or seshane by 13th-century mystic Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi. The word "sestar" is also mentioned in the poems of the 14th-century poet Yunus Emre. Yunus Emre (1238?–1320? was a Turkish poet and Sufi mystic. Evliya Celebi describes the kopuz as a smaller version of the seshane.

The word bağlama is first used in 18th-century texts. French traveler Jean Benjamin de Laborde, who visited Turkey during that century, recorded that "the bağlama or tambura is in form exactly like the cogur, but smaller. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches " He was probably referring to the smallest of the bağlama family, the cura.

Bağlama (Saz) family

Name Freq. (lower) SB Length Bowl Radius Neck Length Wire Length Description
cura 586Hz D 22. 5 13. 5 30 48 The smallest one (for a demonstration, click [1]).
üçtelli sazı It has three wires (one wire per course).
çöğür saz
tambura 293Hz D 38 22. The tambura ( Hindi: तानपूरा is a type of Stringed instrument found in different versions in different places around the world most are plucked 8 52 80
bağlama 220Hz A 44. 5 24. 9 55 88 The most common one.
bozuk saz G See bouzouki. The bouzouki ( gr το μπουζούκι pl. τα μπουζούκια (plural sometimes transliterated as bouzoukia) is the mainstay of modern
meydan sazı 110Hz A 52. 5 31. 5 70 112
aşik sazı
divan sazı 146Hz D 49 29. 4 65 104
baş sazı

Note: Freq. (lower) is the frequency of the lower course; SB Length is the length of the sounding board; sazı is the genitive case of saz. In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another

Bağlama tunings

Important performers

Musical examples

"Ağır Zeybek" — An Aegean folk song Image:Aegean folk music agir zeybek.ogg

A good example of saz (bağlama) playing
Problems listening to the file? See media help. Neşet Ertaş (born 1937 is a Turkish Folk music singer Lyrics writer and a virtuoso of the traditional Turkish instrument Bağlama. Hasret Gültekin ( May 1, 1971 - July 2, 1993) was an Alevi Kurdish musician and Poet who was murdered along Erol Parlak was born in 1964 in Eleskirt Agri provinceand received his elementary and middle schooling in Ankara Arif Sağ (born 1945 in Aşkale, Erzurum, Turkey is a Singer, Bağlama virtuoso and leading figure in modern Turkish Ahmet Koç is a Bağlama artist from Turkey. Before the "Paradoks" He appeared and played bağlama with the female singer

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See also

External links

Alevis (Aleviler Elewî are a religious sub-ethnic and cultural community in Turkey, numbering in the millions The music of Turkey includes diverse elements ranging from Central Asian folk music and music from Ottoman Empire dominions such as Persian music, Kurdish Music ( Sorani Kurdish:گۆرانی کوردی Gorani Kurdi) ( Kurmanji Kurdish: Muzîk û strana kurdî) refers to music performed in The komuz ( Kyrgyz: комуз koˈmuz is an ancient Fretless String instrument used in Kyrgyz music closely related to other The dutar ( Persian: دو تار, Uzbek: dutor (also dotar or doutar) is a traditional long-necked two-stringed Lute The dombra is a long-necked Stringed instrument possessing a wooden resonating chamber somewhat similar to a Banjo The bouzouki ( gr το μπουζούκι pl. τα μπουζούκια (plural sometimes transliterated as bouzoukia) is the mainstay of modern The sallaneh ( سلانه) is a newly developed plucked string instrument made under the supervision of the Iranian musician Hossein Alizadeh, and constructed The çiftelia (chiftelia is an Albanian wooden largely acoustic String instrument, with only two strings The šargija is a plucked, Fretted long necked Chordophone used in the Folk music of various Balkan countries including Croatia
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