Citizendia
Your Ad Here

B vitamin supplement tablets
B vitamin supplement tablets

The B vitamins are eight water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. A multivitamin is a preparation intended to supplement a human diet with Vitamins Dietary minerals and other nutritional elements A vitamin is an Organic compound required as a Nutrient in tiny amounts by an Organism. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called Metabolism is the set of Chemical reactions that occur in living Organisms in order to maintain Life. Historically, the B vitamins were once thought to be a single vitamin, referred to as vitamin B (much like how people refer to vitamin C or vitamin D). Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble Prohormones, the two major forms of which are vitamin D2 (or Ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (or Later research showed that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. Supplements containing all eight are generally referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e. g. B1, B2, B3).

Contents

List of B vitamins

B vitamin deficiency

Several named vitamin deficiency diseases may result from the lack of sufficient B-vitamins. For the similarly spelled pyrimidine see Thymine Thiamin or thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1 Riboflavin ( E101) also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed Micronutrient with a key role in maintaining Health Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide and nicotinic acid amide, is the Amide of Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3 Pantothenic acid, also called Vitamin B5 (a B vitamin) is a water- Soluble vitamin required to sustain life ( Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble Vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of Amino acid metabolism including Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called Vitamin B6, along with Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine. Vitamin H redirects here In medical slang "vitamin H" may also refer to Haloperidol. Folic acid (also known as Vitamin M and Folacin) and Folate (the Anionic form are forms of the water-soluble Vitamin B9 Inositol, (of which the most prominent naturally occurring form is myo -inositol cis -1235- trans -46-cyclohexanehexol) is a carbocyclic Deficiencies of other B vitamins result in symptoms that are not part of a named deficiency disease.

Vitamin Name Deficiency effects
Vitamin B1 thiamine Deficiency causes beriberi. For the similarly spelled pyrimidine see Thymine Thiamin or thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1 Beriberi (pronounced Berry-berry) is a Nervous system ailment caused by Thiamine (vitamin B1 deficiency Symptoms of this disease of the nervous system include weight loss, emotional disturbances, Wernicke's encephalopathy (impaired sensory perception), weakness and pain in the limbs, periods of irregular heartbeat, and edema (swelling of bodily tissues). The nervous system is a Network of specialized cells that communicate information about an animal's surroundings and itself Wernicke encephalopathy is a Syndrome characterised by Ataxia, Ophthalmoplegia, confusion and impairment of Short-term memory. Dysrhythmia redirects here For the American band see Dysrhythmia (band. Oedema (or Edema in American English formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is the increase of Interstitial fluid in any organ &mdash swelling Heart failure and death may occur in advanced cases. Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Chronic thiamine deficiency can also cause Korsakoff's syndrome, an irreversible psychosis characterized by amnesia and confabulation. Korsakoff's syndrome or "Korsakov's syndrome" ( Korsakoff's psychosis, amnesic-confabulatory syndrome) is a brain disorder caused by the lack of thiamine Amnesia (from Greek) is a condition in which Memory is disturbed Confabulation, also known as false memory is the confusion of Imagination with Memory, and/or the confusion of true memories with false memories
Vitamin B2 riboflavin Deficiency causes ariboflavinosis. Riboflavin ( E101) also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed Micronutrient with a key role in maintaining Health Ariboflavinosis is the medical condition caused by deficiency of Riboflavin (vitamin B2 Symptoms may include cheilosis (cracks in the lips), high sensitivity to sunlight, angular cheilitis, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), seborrheic dermatitis or pseudo-syphilis (particularly affecting the scrotum or labia majora and the mouth), pharyngitis, hyperemia, and edema of the pharyngeal and oral mucosa. Angular cheilitis (also called perlèche cheilosis or angular stomatitis) is an inflammatory lesion at the labial commissure or corner of the mouth and often occurs bilaterally Glossitis is Inflammation or Infection of the Tongue. It causes the tongue to swell and change color Seborrhoeic Eczema (also Seborrheic dermatitis AmE, seborrhea) is a skin disorder affecting the scalp face and trunk causing scaly flaky Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. In some Male Mammals the scrotum - also 'scrutum' or 'scrootum' - is a protuberance of Skin and Muscle containing the Testicles The labia majora (singular labium majus) are two prominent Longitudinal Cutaneous folds which extend downward and backward from the Mons pubis The mouth, buccal cavity, or oral cavity is the first portion of the Alimentary canal that receives food and begins digestion by mechanically breaking up See also Strep throat. Pharyngitis (ˌfarɪnˈdʒʌɪtɪs is in most cases a Painful inflammation of the Pharynx, and is Hyperemia describes the increase of blood flow to different tissues in the body The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin covered in Epithelium, which are involved in
Vitamin B3 niacin Deficiency, along with a deficiency of tryptophan causes pellagra. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. Tryptophan (abbreviated as Trp or W) is one of the 20 standard amino acids, as well as an Essential amino acid in the Human diet Pellagra is a Vitamin Deficiency disease caused by dietary lack of Niacin (B3 and Protein, especially proteins containing the Symptoms include aggression, dermatitis, insomnia, weakness, mental confusion, and diarrhea. Dermatitis is a Blanket term meaning any " Inflammation of the skin" (e Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea In advanced cases, pellagra may lead to dementia and death. Dementia (from Latin de- "apart away" + Mens ( genitive mentis) "mind" is the progressive decline
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid Deficiency can result in acne and paresthesia, although it is uncommon. Pantothenic acid, also called Vitamin B5 (a B vitamin) is a water- Soluble vitamin required to sustain life ( Acne vulgaris (commonly called acne) is a Skin disease caused by changes in the Pilosebaceous units (skin structures consisting of a Hair follicle Paresthesia (pron /ˌpɛɹɪsˈθiʒə/ paraesthesia in British English, pron
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine Deficiency may lead to anemia, depression, dermatitis, high blood pressure (hypertension), water retention, and elevated levels of homocysteine. Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called Vitamin B6, along with Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine. Anemia ( AmE) or anæmia/anaemia ( BrE) (from the Ancient Greek grc-Latn anaîmia, meaning “without blood” is defined as a qualitative Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, clinical depression, or simply depression Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated Homocysteine is a Chemical compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CH(NH2CO2H
Vitamin B7 biotin Deficiency does not typically cause symptoms in adults but may lead to impaired growth and neurological disorders in infants. Vitamin H redirects here In medical slang "vitamin H" may also refer to Haloperidol.
Vitamin B9 folic acid Deficiency results in a macrocytic anemia, and elevated levels of homocysteine. Folic acid (also known as Vitamin M and Folacin) and Folate (the Anionic form are forms of the water-soluble Vitamin B9 Megaloblastic anemia is an Anemia (of macrocytic classification which results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production Homocysteine is a Chemical compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CH(NH2CO2H Deficiency in pregnant women can lead to birth defects. Supplementation is often recommended during pregnancy. Researchers have shown that folic acid might also slow the insidious effects of age on the brain.
Vitamin B12 cobalamin Deficiency causes macrocytic anemia, elevated homocysteine, peripheral neuropathy, memory loss and other cognitive deficits. Megaloblastic anemia is an Anemia (of macrocytic classification which results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production Peripheral neuropathy is the term for damage to Nerves of the Peripheral nervous system, which may be caused either by diseases of the Nerve or from the It is most likely to occur among elderly people as absorption through the gut declines with age; the autoimmune disease pernicious anemia is another common cause. Pernicious anemia (also known as Biermer's anemia, Addison's anemia, or Addison-Biermer anemia) is a form of Megaloblastic anemia due to In rare extreme cases, paralysis can result.

Related nutrients

Many of the following substances have been referred to as vitamins because they were believed to be vitamins at one time, and they are relevant to vitamin nomenclature in that the numbers that were assigned to them form "gaps" in the series of B-vitamin names. Some of them, though not essential to humans, are essential in the diets of other organisms; others have no known nutritional value. See also Orthomolecular medicine. Orthomolecular medicine is a form of Complementary and alternative medicine which aims to prevent and treat disease with substances which are natural to the body

Note: B16, B17, B18, B19, B20, B21 & B22 do not appear to be animal factors but are claimed by some naturopaths as human therapedic factors. Vitamin H redirects here In medical slang "vitamin H" may also refer to Haloperidol. Choline is an Organic compound, classified as a water-soluble Essential nutrient and usually grouped within the Vitamin B complex Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the Amino acids Lysine and Methionine. 4-Aminobenzoic acid (also known as para -aminobenzoic acid or PABA) is an Organic compound with the molecular formula C7H7NO2

Health benefits

The B vitamins often work together to deliver a number of health benefits to the body. B vitamins have been shown to:

Together, they also help combat the symptoms and causes of stress, depression, and cardiovascular disease. Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, clinical depression, or simply depression Cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular diseases refers to the class of diseases that involve the Heart or Blood vessels ( arteries and

All B vitamins are water soluble, and are dispersed throughout the body. Most of the B vitamins must be replenished daily, since any excess is excreted in the urine. Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra. [6] A six year cobalamin store can be found in the liver, despite its water soluble nature.

Vitamin B sources

Different B vitamins come from different natural sources, such as potatoes, bananas, lentils, chilli peppers, tempeh, liver oil, liver, turkey, tuna, Nutritional yeast (or brewer's yeast) and molasses. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation. The lentil or daal or pulse ( Lens culinaris) is a bushy Annual plant of the legume family grown for its lens-shaped Seeds The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Tempeh, or tempe in Javanese, is made by a natural culturing and controlled fermentation process that binds Soybeans into a cake form The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals A turkey is either of two extant Species of large Birds in the Genus Meleagris native to North America. Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Nutritional yeast, similar to Brewer's yeast, is a nutritional supplement popular with Vegans and the health conscious who use it as an ingredient Molasses or Treacle is a thick Syrup by-product from the processing of the Sugarcane or Sugar beet into Sugar. Marmite and Vegemite bill themselves as "one of the world's richest known sources of vitamin B". Marmite (/ˈmɑːmaɪt/ is the name given to two similar food spreads a British version produced in the United Kingdom and South Africa and the other in New Vegemite ( is a dark brown savoury food paste made from Yeast extract, used mainly as a spread on Sandwiches Toast and cracker biscuits As might be expected, due to its high content of brewer's yeast, beer is a source of B vitamins[7], although this may be less true for filtered beers[8]and the alcohol in beer impairs the body's ability to activate vitamins. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea

The B-12 vitamin is of note because it is not available from plant products, making B-12 deficiency a concern for vegans. Manufacturers of plant-based foods will sometimes report B-12 content, leading to confusion about what sources yield B-12. The confusion arises because the standard US Pharmacopeia (USP) method for measuring the B-12 content does not measure the B-12 directly. Instead, it measures a bacterial response to the food. Chemical variants of the B-12 vitamin found in plant sources are active for bacteria, but cannot be used by the human body. This same phenomenon can cause significant over-reporting of B-12 content in other types of foods as well. [9]

Another popular means of increasing one's vitamin B intake is through the use of dietary supplements purchased at supermarkets, health centers, or natural food stores. B vitamins are also commonly added to energy drinks. Energy drinks are Soft drinks advertised as providing more Energy than a typical drink

Mnemonic

One mnemonic to remember the most commonly referenced B vitamins is "The (B1, Thiamine) Rhythm (B2, Riboflavin) Nearly (B3, Niacin) Proved (B6, Pyridoxin) Contagious (B12, Cobalamin)". [10]

References

  1. ^ Vera Reader (1930). "The assay of vitamin B4". Biochem J. 24 (6): 1827–31.
  2. ^ Clark, Jim. "Foods Containing B17", September 2003. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death  
  3. ^ Confronting Pancreatic Cancer. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  4. ^ Plasma Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, and Homocysteine and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Four Large Cohorts -- Schernhammer et al. 67 (11): 5553 -- Cancer Research. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  5. ^ United Press International - Consumer Health Daily - Briefing. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  6. ^ Vitamins, water soluble at FAQ. org[1]
  7. ^ Glaser, Gregg. "Beer and Your Health", July 2002. Retrieved on 2007-01-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.  
  8. ^ Harden, A and Zylva, S S (1924-07-21). Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World "Investigation of Barley, Malt and Beer for Vitamins B and C" (PDF). . Lister Institute Retrieved on 2007-01-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  9. ^ Herbert, Victor (1998). "Vitamin B-12: Plant sources, requirements, and assay". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48: 852-8.  
  10. ^ Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 399

External links

A mnemonic device (nəˈmɒnɪk is a Memory aid Commonly met mnemonics are often verbal something such as a very short poem or a special word used to help a person remember
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic