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BM-21 "Grad"
BM-21 battery
Type Multiple rocket launcher
Place of origin Flag of the Soviet Union Soviet Union
Service history
In service 1964-present
Used by Former Warsaw Pact
Production history
Produced 1963-present
Specifications (9K51)
Weight 13. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. 71 tonnes
Length 7. 35 m
Barrel length 3000 mm
Width 2. For the fictional characters see Gunbarrel (Transformers. A gun barrel is the tube usually Metal, through which a controlled Explosion 40 m
Height 3. 09 m
Crew 4
Caliber 122. The term caliber or calibre designates the interior Diameter of a tube or the exterior diameter of a wire or rod 4 mm
Barrels 40
Rate of fire 2 rounds/s
Muzzle velocity 690 m/s
Maximum range 20,400 m
Sights PG-1M panoramic telescope
Engine V-8 gasoline ZiL-375
180 hp (130 kW)
Suspension 6x6 wheeled
Operational
range		 405 km
Speed 75 km/h

The BM-21 "Grad" (БМ-21 "Град") is a launch vehicle of the Soviet 122 mm multiple-launch rocket system developed in the early 1960s. Rate of fire is the frequency at which a specific Weapon can fire or launch its projectiles A gun's muzzle velocity is the speed at which the Projectile leaves the muzzle of the gun This page is about the Russian car and truck factory For other meanings see ZIL (disambiguation. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. BM stands for 'combat vehicle' (Russian: Boyevaya Mashina); grad means 'hail'. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones In the West, the system was initially known as M1964.

Used by over 50 countries, Grad is the world’s most widely used rocket artillery system. Rocket artillery is a type of Artillery equipped with rocket launchers instead of conventional guns or mortars. Its success in combat has led other countries to copy it or to develop similar systems.

Contents

Description

The BM-21 122 mm multiple rocket launcher (MRL) system entered service with the Soviet Army in 1963 to replace the aging 140 mm BM-14 system. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Soviet made 140mm BM-14 (BM for Boyevaya Mashina, 'combat vehicle' Katyusha (Russian "Катюша" meaning 'little Katy' type Multiple rocket It consists of a Ural-375D six-by-six truck chassis fitted with a bank of 40 launch tubes arranged in a rectangular shape that can be turned away from the unprotected cab. The Ural-375D is a general purpose 45 ton 6x6 truck produced at the Ural Automotive Plant in the Russian SFSR since the early 1960s The vehicle is powered by a water-cooled V-8 180 hp gasoline engine, has a maximum road speed of 75 km/h, road range of up to 750 kilometers, and can cross fords up to 1. A Petrol engine or Gasoline engine is an Internal combustion engine with spark-ignition designed to run on petrol ( Gasoline) and similar volatile 5 m deep. The original vehicle together with supporting equipment (including the re-supply truck 9T254 with 60 rockets) is referred to by the GRAU index 9K51; the launcher itself has the industrial index of 2B5. The Main Agency of Missiles and Artillery of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ( GRAU) ( Главное ракетно-артиллерийское управление In 1976, the BM-21 was mounted on the newer Ural-4320 six-by-six army truck. The Ural-4320 is a general purpose off-road 6x6 truck produced at the Ural Automotive Plant in Miass, Russia for use in the Russian Army

The crew of five men can emplace the system and have it ready to fire in three minutes. The crew can fire the rockets from the cab or from a trigger at the end of a 64-meter cable. All 40 rockets can be away in as little as 20 seconds, but can also be fired individually or in small groups in several-second intervals. A PG-1M panoramic telescope with K-1 collimator can be used for sighting. The BM-21 can be packed up and ready to move in two minutes, which can be necessary when engaged by counter-battery fire. Reloading is done manually and takes about 10 minutes.

Each 2. 87-meter rocket is slowly spun by rifling in its tube as it exits, which along with its primary fin stabilization keeps it on course. Rockets armed with high explosive/fragmentation, incendiary, or chemical warheads can be fired 20 kilometers. Newer high explosive and cargo (used to deliver anti-personnel or antitank mines) rockets have a range of 30 kilometers. Warheads weigh around 20 kilograms, depending on the type.

The relative accuracy of this system and the number of rockets each vehicle is able to quickly bring to bear on an enemy target make it effective, especially at shorter ranges. One battalion of eighteen launchers is able to deliver 720 rockets in a single volley. However, the system cannot be used in situations that call for pinpoint precision.

Variants

Russian Federation

BM-21-1, current Russian version of "Grad", mounted on the Ural-4320 military truck.
BM-21-1, current Russian version of "Grad", mounted on the Ural-4320 military truck. The Ural-4320 is a general purpose off-road 6x6 truck produced at the Ural Automotive Plant in Miass, Russia for use in the Russian Army

Adaptations of the launcher were/are produced by several countries including China, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Iran, North Korea, Poland and Romania. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania

Belarus

Ukraine

People's Republic of China

former Czechoslovakia

RM-70/85, a Czechoslovakian variant of the Grad.
RM-70/85, a Czechoslovakian variant of the Grad.

Poland

WR-40 Langusta, a Polish version of the BM-21.
WR-40 Langusta, a Polish version of the BM-21.

Egypt

The Egyptians domestically manufacture the rockets "Sakr-36" and "Sakr-18" with a respective range of 36 and 18 km. Rather than a standard HE-Frag round, the Egyptian military prefers a 23 kilogram cluster munition, which can be extremely effective against lightly armored equipment and troop concentrations. Both rockets, as well as the original Soviet models of course, are fired by locally manufactured rocket launchers like the RL-21 (copy of BM-11) and RC-21 (copy of BM-21, similar to the Hadid HM20). The Helwan Machine Tools Company also produces portable systems with one, three, four and eight launch tubes.

North-Korea (DPRK)

Iran

D. I. O. from Iran produces copies of the BM-11 and BM-21 systems that can fire the original Soviet rockets as well as the locally developed "Arash" with a range of 20. 5 km. There is also a rocket with a range of 26 km.

Pakistan

Romania

APRA-40, a Romanian variant of the Grad, and a 6-rocket launcher.
APRA-40, a Romanian variant of the Grad, and a 6-rocket launcher.

South-Africa

Turkey

Gaza

Projectiles

Origin Ammunition
type		 Minimum
range (m)		 Maximum
range (m)		 Length
(m)		 Weight
(kg)		 Warhead
weight (kg)
9M22U (M-21OF) USSR/Russia Fragmentation-HE 5,000 20,380 2. A shell is a payload-carrying Projectile, which as opposed to shot, contains an explosive or other filling though modern usage includes large solid projectiles 87 66. 6 18. 4
9M28F USSR/Russia Fragmentation-HE 1,500 15,000 2. 27 56. 5 21. 0
9M28K USSR/Russia Anti-tank mines 13,400 3. A land mine is an Explosive device designed to be placed on or in the ground to explode when triggered by an operator or the Proximity of a vehicle person 04 57. 7 22. 8
9M43 USSR/Russia Smoke 20,000 2. 95 66 20. 2
9M217 USSR/Russia Anti-tank submunitions 30,000 3. 04 70 25
9M218 USSR/Russia HEAT submunitions 30,000 3. 04 70 25
9M519 USSR/Russia RF jammer 18,500 3. Radio jamming is the (usually deliberate transmission of Radio signals that disrupt communications by decreasing the Signal to noise ratio 04 66 18. 4
9M521 USSR/Russia Fragmentation-HE 40,000 2. 87 66 21
9M522 USSR/Russia Fragmentation-HE 37,500 3. 04 70 25
PRC-60 USSR/Russia Underwater charge (for BM-21PD) 300 5,000 2. 75 75. 3 20
Type 90A China Fragmentation-HE 12,700 32,700 2. 75 18. 3
M21-OF-FP Romania Fragmentation-HE 5,000-6,000 20,400 2. 87 65. 4 6. 35
M21-OF-S Romania Fragmentation-HE 1,000 12,700 1. 927 46. 6 6. 35

Also Incendiary, Chemical, Illumination, Antipersonnel mines.

Operators

Croatian BM-21
Croatian BM-21

References

  1. ^ Galerie Foto
  2. ^ hhttp://www. brigada8art. ro/en/larom. html
  3. ^ see Military of Abkhazia article for details
  4. ^ Gaza offensive looms as violence spirals *Flag of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe - 25- Haaretz - Israel News
  5. ^ MILITARIUM - Wojsko Polskie - Uzbrojenie
  6. ^ Russian Army Equipment
  7. ^ Tajik-Army Equipment
  8. ^ Turkmen-Army Equipment

See also

External links

Soviet and post-Soviet armoured fighting vehicles after World War II
Tanks
T-10 · T-54 · T-55 · PT-76 · T-62 · T-64 · T-72 · T-80
Russian: T-90 · Black Eagle · T-95 Ukrainian: T-72MP · T-80UD · T-84
Armoured personnel carriers
Tracked
BTR-50 · MT-LB
Wheeled
BTR-40 · BTR-152 · BTR-60 · BTR-70 · BTR-80
Russian: BTR-90 Ukrainian: BTR-3 · BTR-4 · BTR-94
Infantry fighting vehicles
BMP-1 · BMP-2 · BMP-3 · BMD-1 · BMD-2 · BMD-3
Russian: BMD-4 · BMP-4 · BTR-T · BMP-T
Armoured scout cars
BRDM-1 · BRDM-2
Self-propelled artillery
2S1 Gvozdika · 2S3 Akatsiya · 2S4 Tyulpan · 2S5 Giatsint · 2S7 Pion · 2S9 Anona · 2S19 Msta · 2S23 Nona-SVK · 2S30 Iset · 2S31 Vena · ASU-57 · ASU-85
Multiple rocket launchers
BM-14 · BM-21 Grad · BM-24 · BM-25 · BM-27 Uragan · TOS-1 · BM-30 Smerch
Surface-to-surface missiles
FROG-7 · 9K79 Tochka (SS-21 Scarab) · R-400 Oka (SS-23 Spider)
Russian: Iskander (SS-26 Stone)
Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons
Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns
ZSU-57-2 · ZSU-23-4 · 2S6 Tunguska
Self-propelled surface-to-air missile launchers
2K11 Krug (SA-4 Ganef) · 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) · 9K22 Tunguska (SA-19 Grison) · 9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) · 9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) · 9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13 Gopher) · 9K37 Buk (SA-11 Gadfly) · 9K330 Tor (SA-15 Gauntlet) · S-300 (SA-10 Grumble)
Russian: Pantsyr-S1 · 9K38 Buk-M1-2 (SA-17 Grizzly)
List of armoured fighting vehicles by country
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An armoured fighting vehicle ( AFV) is a military Vehicle, protected by armour and armed with Weapons Most AFVs are equipped for driving in rugged A tank is a tracked, Armoured fighting vehicle designed for Front-line combat which combines Operational mobility and tactical The T-10 (also known as Obiekt 730 was a Soviet heavy Tank of the Cold War, the final development of the The T-54 and T-55 tank were a series of Main battle tanks designed by the Soviet Union. The T-54 and T-55 tank were a series of Main battle tanks designed by the Soviet Union. The PT-76 (Obiekt 740 Armour protection The armour of PT-76 costs of homogeneous cold rolled welded steel The T-62 Soviet Main battle tank is a further development of the T-55. For the engine see General Electric T64 The T-64 is a Soviet main battle tank, introduced in the late 1960s The T-72 is a Soviet -designed Main battle tank that entered production in 1971 The T-80 is a Main battle tank which was designed in the Soviet Union and entered service in 1976 The GPO Uralvagonzavod T-90 is a Russian main battle tank derived from the T-72, and is currently the most modern tank in the Russian The Black Eagle tank (Чёрный Орёл Chyorny Oryol, or Obyekt 640) is a prototype Main battle tank produced in the Russian Federation The T-95 is a future main battle Tank, in development at the Russian Federation 's Uralvagonzavod plant (designers of the T-72 and T-90 The T-72 is a Soviet -designed Main battle tank that entered production in 1971 The T-80 is a Main battle tank which was designed in the Soviet Union and entered service in 1976 The T-84 is a Ukrainian Main battle tank, a development of the Soviet T-80 main battle tank Armoured personnel carriers (APCs are Armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport Infantry on the Battlefield They usually have only a Machine The BTR-50 (BTR stands for Bronetransporter (БТР Бронетранспортер literally "armoured transporter" † is a Soviet Amphibious The MT-LB ( м ногоцелевой т ягач л егко б ронированный mnogotselevoy tyagach lekhko bronirovannyi / multi-purpose The BTR-40 (БТР from Бронетранспортер or Bronetransporter, literally "armoured transporter" The BTR-152 (also known as BTR-140 was a non-amphibious Soviet wheeled Armored personnel carrier (BTR stands for Bronetransporter (БТР Бронетранспортер The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled Armoured personnel carriers It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for BTR-152 The BTR-70 is an eight-wheeled Armored personnel carrier ( бронетранспортер or bronyetransportyor BTR-80 is an 8x8 wheeled Armoured personnel carrier (APC designed in the Soviet Union. BTR-90 (GAZ-5923 is an 8×8 wheeled Infantry fighting vehicle developed in Russia, designed in 1993 and first shown publicly The BTR-3 is an 8×8-wheeled Armoured personnel carrier manufactured by KMDB in Ukraine. The BTR-4 is a 8x8 wheeled armoured personnel carrier ( APC) designed in Ukraine by the Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau (SOE KMDB as a private The BTR-94 amphibious Armoured personnel carrier ( bronyetransportyor) is a Ukrainian modification of the Soviet eight-wheeled An infantry fighting vehicle ( IFV, also known as (mechanized infantry combat vehicle, (MICV) is a type of Armoured fighting vehicle (AFV BMP-1 is a Soviet Amphibious tracked Infantry fighting vehicle. The BMP-2 is a Soviet Infantry fighting vehicle which was first introduced in the early 1980s The BMP-3 is a Russian Infantry fighting vehicle which was first observed by the West in 1990. The BMD-1 is a Soviet airborne Infantry fighting vehicle, which was introduced in 1969 and first seen by the West in 1970 The BMD-1 is a Soviet airborne Infantry fighting vehicle, which was introduced in 1969 and first seen by the West in 1970 The BMD-3 "Bakhcha" ( Boyevaya Mashina Desanta, Russian "Боевая Машина Десанта" literally "Combat Vehicle of the Airborne" The BMD-3 "Bakhcha" ( Boyevaya Mashina Desanta, Russian "Боевая Машина Десанта" literally "Combat Vehicle of the Airborne" The BMP-3 is a Russian Infantry fighting vehicle which was first observed by the West in 1990. The BTR-T ( Russian: Bronetransporter-Tyazhelyy, ‘Armoured Transporter–Heavy’ is a Russian heavy infantry combat vehicle, designed BMPT (Боевая машина поддержки танков Boyevaya Mashina Podderzhki Tankov, "Tank Support Fighting Vehicle" is a new Russian A military armored (or armoured) car (see spelling differences) is a wheeled armored vehicle lighter than other armored fighting vehicles primarily The BRDM-2 ( Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina, Боевая Разведывательная Дозорная Машина literally "Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Self-propelled Artillery (also called mobile artillery or locomotive artillery) vehicles are a way of giving mobility to Artillery. The 2S1 Gvozdika (2С1 «Гвоздика» Carnation) is a Soviet 122-mm self-propelled howitzer that resembles the PT-76 but The 2S3 Akatsiya ( Russian - 2С3 «Акация» English - 2S3 Acacia) is a 152 mm self-propelled Howitzer developed by the The 2S4 Tyulpan (2С4 «Тюльпан» Tulip) is a Soviet self-propelled mortar. The 2S5 Giatsint-S (2С5 «Гиацинт-С» hyacinth) is a Soviet / Russian 152 mm self-propelled gun The 2S7 Pion or Malka is a Soviet self-propelled gun "2S7" is its GRAU designation The 2S19 Msta (Мста named after the Msta River) is a conventional self-propelled 152 mm Howitzer designed by Russia / Soviet Union BTR-80 is an 8x8 wheeled Armoured personnel carrier (APC designed in the Soviet Union. The 2S19 Msta (Мста named after the Msta River) is a conventional self-propelled 152 mm Howitzer designed by Russia / Soviet Union The 2S31 Vena (2С31 Вена is a Russian self-propelled 120mm mortar/cannon The ASU-57 was a Soviet Assault gun that could be deployed by Parachute. The ASU-85 is a Soviet airborne self-propelled gun of the Cold War The Soviet made 140mm BM-14 (BM for Boyevaya Mashina, 'combat vehicle' Katyusha (Russian "Катюша" meaning 'little Katy' type Multiple rocket The BM-27 Uragan (Ураган 'hurricane' GRAU index 9P140) is a self-propelled Multiple rocket launcher system designed in the Soviet Union TOS-1 Buratino (ТОС ¹ -1 "Буратино" is a Russian 30-barrel Multiple rocket launcher and Thermobaric weapon mounted on a The BM-30 Smerch (Tornado or 9K58 is a Soviet Multiple rocket launcher. A surface-to-surface missile (also ground-to-ground missile, SSM or GTGM) is a guided projectile launched from a hand-held vehicle mounted trailer mounted The FROG-7 is the final version of the FROG family of unguided spin-stabilized short-range artillery rockets OTR-21 Tochka (оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс (ОТР «Точка» Tactical Operational Missile Complex "Tochka" The R-400 Oka (Р-400 «Ока» named after Oka River) was a mobile Theatre ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union near the end of the This article refers to the Russian-made missile For the Abkhaz writer see Fazil Iskander. A self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon ( SPAA, also self-propelled air defense, SPAD, or self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, SPAAG) is The ZSU-57-2 (Ob'yekt 500 is a Soviet Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun armed with two 57 mm Autocannons ZSU stands for Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya The ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" is a lightly armored Self-propelled, Radar guided Anti-aircraft Weapon system ( SPAAG) The 2K22 Tunguska ( 2К22 "Тунгуска" Tunguska) is a Russian tracked Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon armed with a surface-to-air A surface to air missile ( SAM) or ground-to-air missile ( GTAM) is a Missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy Aircraft The 2K22 Tunguska ( 2К22 "Тунгуска" Tunguska) is a Russian tracked Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon armed with a surface-to-air The 9K33 OSA (Оса Wasp) is a highly mobile low-altitude short-range tactical Surface-to-air missile system The 9K35 Strela-10 (9К35 «Стрела-10» Arrow) is a highly mobile visually-aimed optical/ infra-red guided, low-altitude short-range The Tor missile system ("Тор" Torus) is a Russian made low to medium altitude short-range Surface-to-air missile system designed for engaging Airplanes This is a list of all Armoured fighting vehicles, sorted by country of origin
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