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BBC radio is sourced from Broadcasting House, Portland Place at the head of Regent Street, London
BBC radio is sourced from Broadcasting House, Portland Place at the head of Regent Street, London

BBC Radio is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a history of BBC radio prior to 1927 see British Broadcasting Company, Ltd. The British Broadcasting Company Ltd was a British commercial company formed on 18 October 1922 by British and American electrical companies doing business in the United

Contents

Stations

National (UK)

The BBC today runs ten national domestic radio stations, four of which are only available in a digital format: via DAB Digital Radio, UK digital television (satellite, cable and Freeview) plus live streams and listen again on the Internet. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Digital Audio Broadcasting ( DAB) also known as Eureka 147, is a Digital radio technology for Broadcasting Radio stations used in Freeview is an operator of free Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom, using the DVB-T standard The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks

The "main" radio stations, available via both analogue (FM & AM frequencies) and Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), are:

The new digital-only (Internet Streaming/Sky/Freeview/DAB) radio stations are:

Nations

The BBC also runs radio stations for three of the nations of the UK. These stations focus on local issues to a greater extent than their UK counterparts, organising live phone-in debates about these issues, as well as lighter talk shows with music from different decades of the 20th Century. Compared to many advertising-funded Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations, which often broadcast contemporary popular music, BBC nations' radio stations offer a more "serious" alternative. Independent Local Radio

There exist many BBC Local Radio services across England, often catering to individual counties. The counties of England are territorial divisions of England for the purposes of administrative political and geographical demarcation

Broadcast

BBC Radio services are broadcast on various FM and AM frequencies, digital radio or DAB, and streaming live on bbc.co.uk (giving the stations a worldwide audience). See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that Digital Audio Broadcasting ( DAB) also known as Eureka 147, is a Digital radio technology for Broadcasting Radio stations used in Digital Audio Broadcasting ( DAB) also known as Eureka 147, is a Digital radio technology for Broadcasting Radio stations used in

They are also available on Digital Television sets in the UK, and archived programs are available for 7 days after broadcast on the BBC website; a number of trials are also underway of MP3 downloads and podcasting for selected shows—see bbc.co.uk#Streaming media. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a Digital audio encoding format using a form of Lossy data compression A podcast is a series of audio or Video digital-media files which is distributed over the Internet by syndicated Download

Programming

Throughout its history the BBC has produced far too many programmes to list here in full. Some particularly significant, influential, popular or long lasting programmes include:

For more BBC radio programmes see Category:BBC radio programmes.

History of BBC Radio

The BBC radio services began in 1922 with the British Broadcasting Company, Ltd. The British Broadcasting Company Ltd was a British commercial company formed on 18 October 1922 by British and American electrical companies doing business in the United , which was licensed under pressure to provide a radio service for the British public. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. It was licensed by the British Government through its General Post Office which had original control of the airwaves because they had been interpreted under law as an extension of the Post Office services. The General Post Office (GPO was officially established in England in 1660 by Charles II and it eventually grew to combine the functions of both the state Today radio broadcasting still makes up a large part of the corporation's output and this is still reflected in the title of the BBC's listings magazine called Radio Times. For the US radio series see WHYY-FM. Radio Times is the BBC 's weekly Television and Radio programme

First charter

On December 31, 1926 the British Broadcasting Company became the British Broadcasting Corporation and gained control of the airwaves under the terms of a Royal Charter. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company John Reith, who had been the founding Managing Director of the commercial company, became the first director. John Reith may refer to John Reith 1st Baron Reith John Reith (British army officer He expounded firm principles of centralised, all-encompassing radio broadcasting, stressing programming standards and moral tone. These are set out in his autobiography, Broadcast Over Britain (1924). Reith's ideas were highly influential on modern ideas of public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom the term " Public service broadcasting " (PSB refers to broadcasting intended for the public benefit rather than for purely commercial To this day, the BBC claims to follow the Reithian directive to "inform, educate and entertain". Critics of his approach claim that he was dictatorial and that he imposed a theocratic viewpoint on the broadcasting service. Reith's ideals were utterly at odds with the model of light entertainment based commercial radio adopted in some other countries (e. g. the USA).

Competition from overseas stations

Although no other broadcasting organisation was licensed in the UK until 1973, commercial competition soon opened up from overseas. The commercial competitors were for the most part represented by the International Broadcasting Company that bought blocks of airtime on transmitters based in Europe outside of the British Isles. Captain Leonard Frank Plugge ( 21 September[[ 889]] &ndash 6 July 1981) was a British businessman and Conservative Party politician The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan In the period from 1927 to 1939, light entertainment on the British airwaves was for the most part the domain of the 10 part-time English language IBC stations. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. By 1938 on Sundays upwards of 80% of the British audience turned their dials away from the BBC to these IBC stations which followed an American format of commercial broadcasting. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They were eventually silenced by the advent of the German military taking control of their transmitters in France, Luxembourg and other countries during World War II. The Bundeswehr ( German for "Federal Defence Force") is the name of the unified Armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

American Armed Forces influence

The respite from American influence on British broadcasting was short lived. When the US military flooded Europe with troops during World War II, American-style programming followed and the BBC was forced to transmit these shows, first on the BBC Forces Programme and later on the BBC General Forces Programme, both on the former frequencies of the BBC National Programme. After the war the BBC Forces transmitters that had carried these shows were transformed into a network called the BBC Light Programme.

The original BBC stations which had been linked together to form the BBC Regional Programme were transformed into the BBC Home Service. A third part-time service was created under the name of the BBC Third Programme. For the history of these stations see Timeline of the BBC. This is a Timeline of the history of the British Broadcasting Corporation.

Another operation had originally been called the BBC Empire Service and later the BBC General Overseas Service, but it served a different purpose from the domestic stations. It later became known as the BBC World Service and it was formed at the behest of the British Foreign Office.

Commercial radio influence

WWII silenced all but one of the original IBC stations and Radio Luxembourg continued its nightly transmissions to Britain as a commercial radio station featuring American-style entertainment and religion. Radio Luxembourg is a commercial broadcaster in many languages from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Beginning in 1964 the first in what became a fleet of 10 offshore pirate radio stations began to ring the British coastline. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The term pirate radio usually refers to illegal or unregulated radio transmissions By 1967 millions were tuning into these commercial operations and the BBC was rapidly losing its radio listening audience[1][2]. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar.

The British Government reacted by imposing the "Marine Offences Act", a draconian censorship law which all but wiped out all of the stations by midnight on August 14, 1967. The Marine Etc Broadcasting (Offences Act 1967 c41 shortened to Marine Broadcasting Offences Act, became law in the United Kingdom after 12 midnight on Monday Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Only Radio Caroline continued beyond that date, and even continues to this day. Radio Caroline is a European Radio station that started transmissions on Easter Sunday 1964 from a ship anchored in International waters off the coast of One of the stations called Wonderful Radio London ("Big L") was so successful that the BBC was told to copy it as best they could. The creator of BBC Radio One told the press that his family had been fans of that station. The BBC hired many out-of-work broadcasting staff who had come from the former offshore stations, including Tony Blackburn who presented the very first BBC Radio One morning show. Tony Blackburn (born 29 January 1943 in Guildford, Surrey) is an award winning English Disc jockey, who broadcast on the He had previously presented the same morning show on Radio Caroline and Tony Blackburn attempted to duplicate the same sound for BBC Radio One. Radio Caroline is a European Radio station that started transmissions on Easter Sunday 1964 from a ship anchored in International waters off the coast of Among the other DJs hired was the late John Peel who had presented the overnight show on "Big L", called The Perfumed Garden. John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, OBE (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004 known professionally as John Peel, was an English Disc jockey, radio Though it only ran for a few months prior to Big L's closure, The Perfumed Garden got more fan mail than the rest of the pop dj's on Radio London put together, so much that staff wondered what to do with it all. The reason it got so much mail was that it played different music, and was the beginning of the "album rock" genre. Big L's PAMS jingles were commissioned to be resung in Dallas, Texas so that "Wonderful Radio London" became "Wonderful Radio One on BBC". PAMS (an Acronym for Production Advertising Merchandising Service) based in Dallas Texas, was the most famous Jingle production company A jingle is a memorable Slogan, set to an engaging Melody, mainly broadcast on Radio and sometimes on Television commercials. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State.

BBC analogue networks

BBC Radio 1 was launched as a part-time pop music station September 30, 1967. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The BBC Light Programme was renamed Radio 2 and broadcast easy listening, folk, jazz and light entertainment. The BBC Third Programme and BBC Music Programme was merged to form Radio 3 and the BBC Home Service became Radio 4.

BBC Radio 5 was launched on 27 August 1990 as a home for sport and children's programming, and was replaced on 28 March 1994 with BBC Radio Five Live, a dedicated news and sport network. BBC Radio 5 was for three years and eight months a BBC Radio network that carried sports children's and educational programmes Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)

2002 Digital radio networks

With the increased rollout of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) between 1995 and 2002, BBC Radio launched several new digital-only stations 1Xtra, 6 Music and BBC 7 in 2002 on 16 August, March 11 and December 15 respectively—the first for "new black British music", the second as a source of performance-based "alternative" music, the latter specialising in archive classic comedy shows, drama and children's programmes. Digital Audio Broadcasting ( DAB) also known as Eureka 147, is a Digital radio technology for Broadcasting Radio stations used in See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of BBC Asian Network joined the national DAB network on 28 October 2002. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. For some time the majority of listeners used Freeview, digital satellite and digital cable services to listen to these networks. Freeview is an operator of free Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom, using the DVB-T standard

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Offshore Radio Revolution in Britain 1964–2004", H2G2, 2004-08-31. Many BBC Radio Comedy programmes have been successful enough for the writers and performers to adapt them into Television programmes "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Retrieved on 2007-07-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of  
  2. ^ Imogen Carter. "The day we woke up to pop music on Radio 1", Daily Telegraph, 2007-09-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Retrieved on 2007-09-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the  

Further reading

External links

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