| One-Eleven | |
|---|---|
 BAC One Eleven of British Island Airways |
|
| Type | Short-range jetliner |
| Manufacturer | British Aircraft Corporation |
| Maiden flight | 1963-08-20 |
| Introduced | 1965 |
| Produced | 1963-1982 (Britain) 1982-1989 (Romania) |
| Number built | 244 |
The British Aircraft Corporation One-Eleven, also known as the BAC 1-11, the BAC-111 or the BAC-1-11, was a British short-range jet airliner of the 1960s and 1970s. British Island Airways (BIA was the legal successor to BUIA. It commenced operations under that name in mid-1970 A jet airliner, sometimes contracted to jetliner, is a passenger Airplane (passenger Aeroplane) that is powered by Jet engines. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The British Aircraft Corporation ( BAC) was a British Aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located specific --->A jet engine is a Reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet of Fluid to An airliner is a large Fixed-wing aircraft with the primary function of transporting paying passengers Conceived by Hunting, it was developed and produced by the British Aircraft Corporation when Hunting merged into BAC along with other British aircraft makers in 1960. Hunting Aircraft was a British aircraft manufacturer primarily producing light training aircraft The British Aircraft Corporation ( BAC) was a British Aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation
The One-Eleven was designed to replace the Vickers Viscount. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It was the second short-haul jet airliner to enter service, the first being the French Sud Aviation Caravelle. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Due to its later service entry, the One-Eleven took advantage of more efficient engines and airline experience of jets. This made it popular, with over half of the sales at its launch being in the largest and most lucrative market, the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The One-Eleven was one of the most successful British airliner designs, and served until its widespread retirement in the 1990s due to noise restrictions.
Contents |
History
In 1956, both Vickers and Hunting started design studies on jet replacements for the Viscount. Vickers offered a 140-seat development of its VC10 project: the VC11. The Vickers VC10 is a British Airliner designed and built by Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft Ltd and first flown in 1962. Hunting offered the all-new 100-seat Hunting 107.
In 1960 Hunting, under British government pressure, merged with Vickers-Armstrongs, Bristol, and English Electric to form BAC. Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally British and Colonial Aeroplane Company was a major British aviation company English Electric (EE was a British industrial manufacturer Founded in 1918 it initially specialised in industrial Electric motors and Transformers Its In 1961, BAC decided to continue work on the Hunting 107 as a private venture. It redesignated it One-Eleven (the first BAC project and the eleventh Vickers civil aircraft). Because of the short delay over the merger, the One-Eleven was able to use the new Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan, greatly improving its fuel economy. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine BAC was concerned the aircraft was too large to fit the Viscount role in the original Hunting configuration and reduced its capacity to 80 seats. This version became the One-Eleven 200, the original design having retroactively become the 100.
The One-Eleven 200, 300 and 400
On 9 May 1961 British United Airways (BUA) placed the first order for ten One-Eleven 200s. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. British United Airways (BUA was the largest independent UK based airline during the 1960s On 23 October Braniff in the United States ordered six. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Braniff International Airways was an American Airline that existed from 1928 until 1982 Other orders followed from Mohawk for four, Kuwait Airways for three, and Central African Airways for two. Mohawk Airlines was an Airline that operated in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, primarily the states of New York and Pennsylvania Kuwait Airways (الخطوط الجوية الكويتية is the national Airline of Kuwait, based in Kuwait City and wholly owned by Central African Airways (CAA was formed in 1946 from the wartime Southern Rhodesian Air Services (SRAS which was in turn formed from the pre-war Rhodesia And Nyasaland Airways (RANA Braniff subsequently doubled its order to 12, while Aer Lingus ordered four. Aer Lingus is the Flag carrier airline of Ireland. Based at Dublin Airport, it operates 41 Airbus aircraft serving Europe Africa and North Western Airlines ordered ten aircraft but later cancelled. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Bonanza Air Lines also wanted to order One-Elevens at a later stage but was stopped by a protectionist action of the US Department of Transportation. Bonanza Air Lines was a Regional airline in operation from the 1945 to the 1960s with routes in the Western United States. For the protectionist Australian political party from the 1880s to 1909 see Protectionist Party The United States Department of Transportation ( DOT) is a federal Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with Transportation
In May 1963, BAC announced the One-Eleven 300 and 400. The new versions used the Mk. 511 version of the Spey with increased power, allowing more fuel upload and hence longer range. There were a number of other changes, with the main visual difference being in the nosewheel doors. The difference between the 300 and 400 lay in their equipment and avionics, with the 400 intended for sales in the USA and thus equipped with US instruments. Avionics means "aviation electronics" It comprises electronic systems for use on aircraft artificial satellites and spacecraft comprising Communications American Airlines ordered 15 aircraft on 17 July 1963, bringing the order total to 60, plus options for many more. American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This was assumed to be enough for BAC to break even on the project. In retrospect, however, many have doubted whether BAC and its successors made money on the One-Eleven.
The prototype (G-ASHG) rolled out of the Hurn assembly hall on 28 July 1963, its first flight following soon on 20 August. For the World War II use of this facility see RAF Hurn Bournemouth Airport (previously known as Hurn Airport) is an airport Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine This was almost a year ahead of the competing US airliner, the Douglas DC-9. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This lead was commercially most important, since — as shown by the Bonanza case — US authorities could refuse to approve sales of foreign aircraft to domestic airlines where an American alternative existed.
The One-Eleven prototype crashed with the loss of all on board on 22 October. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus The investigation led to the discovery of what became known as deep stall or superstall, a phenomenon caused by reduced airflow to the tailplane caused by the blanking effect of the aft-mounted engine nacelles at high angles of attack, which prevents recovery of normal (nose-down) flight. For other uses see Stall. In Aerodynamics, a stall is a sudden reduction in the lift forces generated by an Airfoil A tailplane, also known as horizontal stabilizer, is a small lifting surface located behind the main lifting surfaces of a Fixed-wing aircraft The word nacelle is derived from the Old French nacele, which means a small Boat or Dinghy, which was in turn derived from the Angle of attack ( AOA, \alpha Greek letter alpha) is a term used in Aerodynamics to describe the Angle between the To obviate this, BAC designed and added devices known as stick shakers and stick pushers to the One-Eleven's control system. A stick shaker is a mechanical device to rapidly and noisily vibrate the control yoke (the "stick" of an aircraft to warn the pilot of an imminent stall It also redesigned the wing's leading edge to smooth airflow into the engines and over the tailplane. An airfoil (in American English) or aerofoil (in British English) is the shape of a Wing or blade (of a Propeller, rotor A tailplane, also known as horizontal stabilizer, is a small lifting surface located behind the main lifting surfaces of a Fixed-wing aircraft
Despite the crash, testing continued and customer confidence remained high. American Airlines and Braniff took up their optional orders and placed further ones in February 1964. Further orders came from Mohawk, Philippine Airlines and Helmut Horten who ordered the first Executive modification of the aircraft. Philippine Airlines Inc (abbreviated PAL) also known historically as Philippine Air Lines, is the national airline of the Philippines Helmut Horten ( 8 January, 1909, Bonn – 30 November, 1987, Croglio, Switzerland) was a German entrepreneur By the end of 1964, 13 aircraft had rolled off the production line.
The One-Eleven was certified and the first handover, of G-ASJI to BUA, was on 22 January 1965. A Type Certificate, is awarded by aviation regulating bodies to aerospace manufacturers after it has been established that the particular design of a civil aircraft engine or propeller Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. After several weeks of route-proving flights, the first revenue service flew on 9 April from Gatwick to Genoa. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Gatwick Airport is London 's second largest Airport and the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Braniff took delivery of their first aircraft on 11 March, while Mohawk received their first on 15 May. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Deliveries continued, and by the end of 1965 airlines had received 34 aircraft. Demand continued to be buoyant, with a second production line set up at Weybridge. Weybridge is a town in the Elmbridge district of Surrey in South East England.
The One-Eleven 500 and 475
In 1967 a larger 119-seat version was introduced as the One-Eleven 500 (also known as Super One-Eleven). This "stretched" version was delayed for at least a year while its launch customer BEA assessed its requirements. This gave competing US aircraft (the DC-9 and Boeing 737) the chance to make up for the One-Eleven's early penetration of their domestic market. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The British aircraft's initial one-year advantage now turned into a one-year delay and the 500 failed to sell in the USA. Compared with earlier versions, the One-Eleven 500 was longer by 8ft 4in (2. 54 m) ahead of the wing and 5ft 2in (1. 57 m) behind it. The wing span was increased by 5 ft (1. 5 m), and the latest Mk. 512 version of the Spey was used. The new version sold reasonably well across the world, particularly to European charter airlines. In 1971 it received an incremental upgrade to reduce drag and reduce runway requirements. In Fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called fluid resistance) is the force that resists the movement of a Solid object through a Fluid (a A runway ( RWY) is a strip of land on an Airport, on which Aircraft can take off and land.
BEA/British Airways 500 series aircraft (denoted 1-11 510ED) varied significantly from other 1-11s, at BEA's request. The One-Eleven 510ED had a modified cockpit which incorporated instrumentation and avionics from or similar to that of the Hawker Siddeley HS.121 Trident, for better commonality with the type (which at the time was the BEA/BA shorthaul workhorse). A cockpit is the area usually near the front of an Aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft The Trident, model DH121 or HS121, was a British short/medium-range three-engined Airliner designed by De Havilland Their additional equipment included a more sophisticated autoflight system, which allowed CAT II autolandings and included an autothrottle (autoland functionality was removed from most aircraft later in their careers). An autopilot is a mechanical electrical or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being The Instrument Landing System (ILS is a ground-based Instrument approach system that provides precision guidance to an Aircraft approaching a Runway In Aviation, autoland describes a system that fully automates the Landing phase of an Aircraft 's flight with the human crew merely supervising The modifications went as far as reversing the "on" position of most switches to match that of the Trident; indeed, the 510ED was so different from other One-Elevens and 500 series aircraft that a different type rating was required to fly it, despite the fact that aside from the flight deck it was basically identical to all other 500 series aircraft. Pilot licensing in the United Kingdom is regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA under the auspices of the Joint Aviation Authorities and European A cockpit is the area usually near the front of an Aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft [1]
Having faced competition "from above" with the aforementioned US aircraft by 1966, by 1970 the One-Eleven also faced competition "from below. " The new competitor was the Fokker F.28. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Available as a four-member "family," it was lighter, less complex, and cheaper. The One-Eleven 475 of 1970 was launched to compete with the F. 28. It combined the 400 fuselage with the higher power and larger wing of the 500 and was intended for hot and high operations. In Aviation, hot and high refers to very warm climates or very high Elevations that may compromise an aircraft's ability to operate safely Only ten of the One-Eleven Mk 475 were sold. In 1977, the One-Eleven 670, a quiet and updated 475, was offered to the Japanese domestic market, failing to sell. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
Total deliveries for 1966 stood at 46 aircraft, and another 120 were delivered by 1971. At this point orders slowed to a trickle. British production continued until 1982. There were two reasons why the production line was kept open for just 35 aircraft delivered over 11 years: first, BAC hoped that Rolls-Royce would develop a quieter and more powerful version of the Spey engine, making possible further One-Eleven developments; second, throughout the early part of the period Romania was negotiating to buy the entire One-Eleven programme and transfer production of the type to Bucharest. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania.
Development projects
By 1974, BAC invested significant effort into launching the One-Eleven 700. This had a longer body with a 134-seat interior and the projected Spey 67 engine producing greater power. The fuselage (from the French fuselé "spindle-shaped" is an Aircraft 's main body section that holds crew and passengers or Cargo It was approximately the same size as the latest DC-9s and 737s and would have been available in time to prevent large-scale defections by One-Eleven clients to McDonnell-Douglas and Boeing. Rolls-Royce was still recovering from bankruptcy, however, and the uprated Spey failed to materialise. An altogether less ambitious 700 made a reappearance in 1978 as a 500 with specially "hush-kitted" Speys which would be replaced by the proposed RB432 in the mid-1980s. This was offered to British Airways in competition with Boeing 737-200s, but was rejected. British Airways plc ( is the national Airline and Flag carrier of the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe
In 1977, BAC merged with Hawker Siddeley to form British Aerospace (BAe) and the One-Eleven 800 was proposed with CFM-56 engines. Hawker Siddeley was a group of British manufacturing companies renowned for their aircraft production. British Aerospace (BAe was a UK aircraft and defence-systems manufacturer that is now part of BAE Systems. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It would have accommodated some 150 passengers in a mixed class layout. The One-Eleven 800's fate was involved with the development of a European competitor to ubiquitous U. S. short/medium range airliners and it did not progress to the design stage.
The Rombac deal
In 1979, Romanian president Nicolae Ceauşescu signed the contract for One-Eleven licence production in Romania. Nicolae Ceauşescu (nikoˈlaje tʃauˈʃesku (January 26 1918 – December 25 1989 was the communist dictator of Romania from 1965 until December 1989 when a revolution This was to involve the delivery of three complete One-Elevens plus the construction of at least 22 in Bucharest, with reducing British content. It also involved Romanian production of Spey engines and certification of the aircraft to British and US standards. A market for up to 60 or even 80 cheap Romanian-built aircraft was mooted at the time, largely in China, the Third World and possibly Eastern Europe. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Third World is a name given to nations that are generally considered to be underdeveloped economically Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The aircraft was redesignated ROMBAC 1-11. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
The first flight of a Rombac 1-11 was on 18 September 1982 and production continued until 1989 at a much slower pace than foreseen in the contract: nine aircraft were delivered. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) There were three reasons why the Rombac initiative failed: Romania's economy and international position deteriorated to the point where supplies for One-Eleven manufacture slowed to a trickle; the market foreseen by the Romanians failed to show an interest, though some Rombac machines were leased out to European operators; the One-Eleven's noise level and fuel economy had failed to keep pace with US and West European competition. With reference to the last reason, Rolls-Royce repeatedly refused to allow its Tay engine to be used on Romanian One-Elevens. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This reluctance is assumed to reflect fears that the Fokker 100, the Tay's launch airframe, would suffer from Romanian competition. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Operational history
Total production of the One-Eleven in British and Romanian factories was 244, with two airframes left incomplete in Romania. A major initiative to re-engine corporate One-Elevens with Tay engines gathered pace in the USA in the late 1980s and early 1990s but came to nought after several successful test flights. Passive opposition from the engine maker among other factors is claimed to have sabotaged its chances of success.
One-Elevens served widely in the USA until displaced by the indigenous Douglas DC-9 and Boeing 737 in the early 1970s. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In Europe they were common, continuing in widespread use until the mid-1980s and into the 1990s. Many One-Elevens then moved to smaller airlines, notably in the Far East and Africa. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. The last major operations were in Nigeria, where they were grounded after a crash in 2002. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Today only a handful are still operating, mainly in Africa, though corporate versions survive in the USA and Europe. A further nail in the coffin for the One-Eleven in Europe was the Stage III noise abatement regulations which took effect from March 2003. The Joint Aviation Authorities, or JAA, is an associated body of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC representing the Civil aviation regulatory The costs of bringing the Rolls Royce Spey engines into compliance with this, by developing a hush kit, proved an expensive prospect for the smaller operators still using this aircraft type. A hush kit is a device for reducing noise from an Engine; most commonly the term refers to devices which reduce noise emissions from low-bypass Turbofan engines as Therefore very few 1-11s were fitted with hush kits, and most European operators disposed of the type from their fleet. Several dozen One-Elevens are in storage and for sale around the world.
British Airways retired its last One-Eleven in 1998. British Airways plc ( is the national Airline and Flag carrier of the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe This would be their last British aircraft until the Avro RJ. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Variants
- BAC One-Eleven 200
- Initial production version, widely sold; individual customer designations within this series. 56 built.
- BAC One-Eleven 300
- Uprated engines, more fuel for longer range; individual customer designations within this series. 9 built.
- BAC One-Eleven 400
- Series 300 with American instrumentation and equipment; the definitive short-body version; individual customer designations within this series. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 69 built.
- BAC One-Eleven 475
- Series 400 body with Series 500 wing and powerplant plus rough-airfield landing gear and body protection. 9 built, including 3 for Oman.
- Rombac 111-495
- Romanian-built version of the Series 475
- BAC One-Eleven 500
- Extended body version with up to 119 seats; new engines; individual customer designations within this series. 87 built.
- BAC One-Eleven 510ED
- Variant of the 500 series built for BEA/British Airways. Size and engines same as other 500s, cockpit modified to provide more commonality with HS. 121 Trident and required a different type rating from all other 500 series One-Elevens.
- Rombac 111-560
- Romanian-built version of the Series 500
- BAe One-Eleven 670
- Series 475 with improved aerodynamics and reduced noise; one converted from Series 475
Operators
As of August 2006 a total of 16 BAC One-Eleven aircraft (all variants) remain in airline service with International Trans Air Business (2), Libyan Arab Airlines (2), Aero Asia International (3), Indonesia Air Transport (2), GST Aero (1), Romavia (3) and Mia Airlines (3). The following is a list of past and present operators of the BAC One-Eleven: Civil operators ADC Airlines Adria Airways Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Libyan Airlines ( Arabic: الخطوط الجوية الليبية transliterated: al-Khutut al-Jawiyah al-Libiyah formerly known as Libyan Arab Airlines Aero Asia International was a private Airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. Indonesia Air Transport is an Airline and aviation company based in Jakarta, Indonesia. Romavia (Romanian Aviation Company is an Airline based in Bucharest, Romania. As of May 2007 Scat Air has operated 1 BAC One-Eleven aircraft (Romanian-built). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Scat Air (PLL Scat Aircompany is an Airline based in Shymkent, Kazakhstan.
Military operators
Notable incidents
- Braniff Airways Flight 250 disintegrated in mid-air after flying into a severe thunderstorm near Falls City, Nebraska, on August 6, 1966. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. No 34 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force transport squadron |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Brazilian Air Force ( Portuguese: Força Aérea Brasileira, FAB) is the air branch of the Brazilian armed forces and one of the three national Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast The Royal Air Force of Oman ( RAFO) is the air arm of the Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces History The Sultan of Oman's Air Force The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Philippine Air Force (PAF is the Air force of the Republic of the Philippines, and one of the three main services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS is a training establishment based at MOD Boscombe Down in Wiltshire, England. Braniff Airways Flight 250 crashed near Falls City Nebraska, on August 6, 1966. Falls City is a city in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. It was en route to Omaha, Nebraska, from Kansas City, Missouri. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Thirty-eight passengers and four crew members were killed in the crash. The plane was a BAC One-Eleven-203AE, registration number N1553.
- On June 23, 1967, Mohawk Airlines Flight 40 suffered a loss of pitch control following an on-board fire that caused heavy damage to the tail of the aircraft. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Mohawk Airlines Flight 40 was a scheduled passenger flight between Elmira New York and Washington DC. Flight 40 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight between Elmira, New York and Washington, DC. Elmira is a City in Chemung County, New York, USA. It is the principal city of the 'Elmira New York Metropolitan Statistical Area Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D It crashed outside of Blossburg, Pennsylvania with a loss of all 34 passengers and crew. Blossburg is a borough in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, United States. The aircraft was a BAC One-Eleven-204AF, registration number N1116J.
- On 10 June 1990, British Airways Flight 5390's cockpit window blew out at altitude after the wrong bolts had been used to secure it. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) British Airways Flight 5390 was a British Airways flight between Birmingham International Airport in England and Málaga Spain. Captain Tim Lancaster was blown half out of the cockpit by the pressure differential; members of the cabin crew clung to his legs to keep him from being blown out of the aircraft. The plane made an emergency landing at Southampton Airport. Southampton Airport is the 20th largest Airport in the UK, located in Eastleigh near Southampton. The pilot survived, as did all the crew and passengers.
Specifications (BAC One-Eleven 200)
General characteristics
- Crew: 2 pilots and 3 flight attendants
- Capacity: 89 passengers in charter layout
- Length: 92 ft 6 in (28. 2 m)
- Wingspan: 88 ft 6 in (26. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 9 m)
- Height: 23 ft 9 in (7. 2 m)
- Wing area: 1,003 ft² (93. 2 m²)
- Empty weight: 46,405 lb (21,049 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 74,500 lb (33,800 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× Rolls-Royce RB.163 Spey Mk. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout 506 turbofans, 10,600 lbf (47 kN) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 470 knots (540 mph, 870 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 430 knots (495 mph, 795 km/h)
- Range: 1,250 nm (1,440 mi, 2,320 km)
- Service ceiling 35,000 ft (10,700 m)
See also
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
References
External links
A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions Braniff Airways Flight 250 crashed near Falls City Nebraska, on August 6, 1966. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This list of aircraft is sorted alphabetically beginning with the name of the manufacturer (or in certain cases designerDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic