Ayrton Senna
Nationality  Brazilian
Formula One World Championship career
Active years	1984 - 1994
Teams	Toleman, Lotus, McLaren, Williams
Races	162 (161 starts)
Championships	3 (1988, 1990, 1991)
Wins	41
Podium finishes	80
Career points	610 (614)[1]
Pole positions	65
Fastest laps	19
First race	1984 Brazilian Grand Prix
First win	1985 Portuguese Grand Prix
Last win	1993 Australian Grand Prix
Last race	1994 San Marino Grand Prix

Ayrton Senna da Silva (pronounced [aˈiɾtõ ˈsenɐ dɐ ˈsiwvɐ] (help·info), March 21, 1960 – May 1, 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver and triple Formula One world champion. The FIA Super Licence is a qualification allowing the Licence holder to take part in Formula One Grands Prix as a driver |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The 1984 Formula One season was the 35th FIA Formula One World Championship season The 1994 Formula One season was the 45th FIA Formula One World Championship season Toleman Motosport was a Formula One constructor based in the U 1950s Colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK. McLaren, founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren (1937&ndash1970 is a Formula One team based in Woking, Surrey, UK Not to be confused with Frank Williams Racing Cars, formed by Frank Williams 1967 The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA) to the most successful Formula One The 1988 Formula One season was the 39th FIA Formula One World Championship season The 1990 Formula One season was the 41st FIA Formula One World Championship season The 1991 Formula One season was the 42nd FIA Formula One World Championship season The term " pole position " comes from the Horse racing term where the number one starter starts on the inside next to the inside pole In motorsport, the fastest lap is the quickest lap run during a race Results from the 1984 Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix held at Jacarepaguá on March 25, 1984. Results from the 1985 Formula One Portuguese Grand Prix held at Estoril on April 21, 1985. The 1993 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Adelaide on November 7, 1993. The 1994 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on May 1 1994 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola, Italy. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA) to the most successful Formula One He remains the last Grand Prix driver killed while driving a Formula One car.

A kart racer from an early age, Senna won the British Formula 3 championship in 1983 and made his Formula One debut with Toleman the next year. For other meanings see Kart (disambiguation Kart racing or karting is a variant of Open-wheel Motor sport with The British Formula Three Championship is a national motor racing championship that takes place primarily in the United Kingdom with a small number of events in mainland Toleman Motosport was a Formula One constructor based in the U The 1984 Formula One season was the 35th FIA Formula One World Championship season He moved to Lotus-Renault in 1985, and won six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. 1950s Colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK. The 1985 Formula One season was the 36th FIA Formula One World Championship season In 1988 he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda, the top driver and team at the time, and won that year's Formula One World Championship. The 1988 Formula One season was the 39th FIA Formula One World Championship season Alain Marie Pascal Prost, OBE (born 24 February 1955 is a French racing driver McLaren, founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren (1937&ndash1970 is a Formula One team based in Woking, Surrey, UK () is a Multinational corporation, engine Manufacturer and engineering corporation headquartered in Japan. He and Prost developed a heated rivalry, which is regarded as the bitterest in F1 history. Senna won the championship twice more, in 1990 and 1991. The 1990 Formula One season was the 41st FIA Formula One World Championship season The 1991 Formula One season was the 42nd FIA Formula One World Championship season In the next two years with McLaren, despite driving an inferior car, Senna won races and challenged for the 1993 world title, finishing runner-up to Prost. He switched to the then dominant Williams Renault team for the 1994 Formula One season. Not to be confused with Frank Williams Racing Cars, formed by Frank Williams 1967 The 1994 Formula One season was the 45th FIA Formula One World Championship season At the third race of the year millions of fans witnessed his fatal crash live on global TV coverage during the San Marino Grand Prix at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari. The death of Formula One triple world champion Ayrton Senna resulted from a crash that occurred while he was leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix The 1994 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on May 1 1994 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola, Italy. The Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari is an auto racing circuit near the Italian town of Imola, east of Bologna and east of the Ferrari factory

During his Grand Prix racing career, Senna became an international sporting superstar. His wet weather driving skills were often showcased during his ten years in the sport, most notably in his near victory during the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix despite an inferior car, his dominant first victory in the 1985 Portuguese Grand Prix and his acclaimed 1993 European Grand Prix. Results from the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix held at Monaco on June 3, 1984. Results from the 1985 Formula One Portuguese Grand Prix held at Estoril on April 21, 1985. The 1993 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Donington Park on April 11, 1993. He was recognized for his qualifying speed over one lap, as shown by his 65 pole positions in 162 races. The term " pole position " comes from the Horse racing term where the number one starter starts on the inside next to the inside pole His record six victories in the Monaco Grand Prix, the 1991 Brazilian Grand Prix win, and the 1988 Japanese Grand Prix win that earned him his first Drivers' title are some examples of his finest performances. The Monaco Grand Prix (Grand Prix de Monaco is a Formula One race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco. The 1991 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One race held at Interlagos on March 24, 1991. The 1988 Japanese Grand Prix was a Formula One race held at Suzuka Circuit, Japan, on October 30, 1988.

Senna was known for his ruthless will to win. This became evident most infamously during the title-deciding 1990 Japanese Grand Prix when Senna deliberately crashed his McLaren into Prost's Ferrari. The 1990 Japanese Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on 21 October 1990 at Suzuka. Both drivers were eliminated from the race, which handed the title to Senna.

Also notable was the unique duality of his character. Senna's competitive nature on the track was in stark contrast to his humane and compassionate exploits off it. A deeply religious man, he reportedly donated the bulk of his fortune to create the "Ayrton Senna Foundation", with the aim of helping poor and needy young people in Brazil and around the world. ^[2] Eventually becoming concerned with the potential dangers of his sport, he helped to push for the organization of a driver safety group shortly before his final race.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Racing career 2.1 Early career 2.2 Formula One 2.2.1 1984: Toleman 2.2.2 1985-87: Lotus 2.2.3 1988-93: McLaren 2.2.4 1994: Williams 2.2.4.1 Death 3 Qualifying 4 Wet weather driving 5 Character 6 Legacy 7 Senna and the NSX 8 MV Agusta F4 750 Senna 9 Notable quotations 10 Complete Formula One results 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links

Early life

Senna was born in São Paulo. São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world At school he excelled in gymnastics, art and chemistry but found mathematics, physics and English difficult. The son of a wealthy Brazilian landowner, he developed an interest in motor racing at an early age.

Racing career

Early career

Senna entered karting competition at the age of 13. For other meanings see Kart (disambiguation Kart racing or karting is a variant of Open-wheel Motor sport with ^[3] In 1977, he won the South American Kart Championship. He later contested the Karting World Championship on several occasions, finishing second in 1979 and 1980. The Karting World Championship is ruled by the CIK-FIA. It takes place once a year each year in a different country and is Kart racing flagship event ^[4]

In 1981 he moved to England with his wife Liliane and began racing single-seaters in Europe, winning the British Formula Ford 1600 championship. Open-wheel car (Often single-seater car, in UK English describes cars with the wheels outside the car's main body and in most cases one seat Formula Ford is a single seater open wheel class in Motorsport which exists in some form in many countries around the world ^[5] He was champion in British and European Formula Ford 2000 the following year. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[6] He also adopted his mother's maiden name, Senna, as da Silva is a very common name in Brazil. ^[7]

In 1983, Senna won the British Formula Three Championship after a closely-fought and at times controversial battle with Martin Brundle. The British Formula Three Championship is a national motor racing championship that takes place primarily in the United Kingdom with a small number of events in mainland Career Early Formula One career His Formula One career began with Tyrrell in 1984 He also triumphed in the prestigious Macau Grand Prix with Teddy Yip's Theodore Racing Team which was closely related to the West Surrey Racing team he drove for in British F3. The Macau Grand Prix is a motor-racing event held annually in November in the streets of Macau. Teddy Yip, a Dutch national was a Formula 1 team owner in the 1970s Theodore Racing (徳利賽車隊香港 was a Formula One constructor from Hong Kong founded by real estate magnate and millionaire Teddy Yip. Founded in 1981 West Surrey Racing is a UK-based motorsport team run by New Zealander Dick Bennetts ^[8][9]

Formula One

Senna attracted the attention of F1 teams Williams, McLaren, Brabham and Toleman, all of whom he tested for. Not to be confused with Frank Williams Racing Cars, formed by Frank Williams 1967 McLaren, founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren (1937&ndash1970 is a Formula One team based in Woking, Surrey, UK Origins The Brabham team was founded by Jack Brabham and Ron Tauranac, who met in 1951 while both were successfully building and racing cars in their native Toleman Motosport was a Formula One constructor based in the U Fellow Brazilian Nelson Piquet opposed him joining Brabham, and of the remaining three only Toleman offered him a race seat for 1984, so he joined the fledgling team. Nelson Piquet Souto Maior (born August 17, 1952) more commonly known as Nelson Piquet, is a Brazilian former racing driver who was Formula

1984: Toleman

Senna scored his first World Championship point in his second Grand Prix at Kyalami in South Africa. Kyalami ( My home in Zulu) is a motor racing circuit located in Midrand, Gauteng, South Africa. He repeated the result two weeks later at the Belgian Grand Prix at Zolder. The Circuit Zolder, also known as Circuit Terlaemen, is an undulating 4 His performance in the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix brought him a lot of attention. Results from the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix held at Monaco on June 3, 1984. He qualified 13th on the grid and made rapid progress through the soaking streets of Monte Carlo. By lap 19, he passed second-place man Niki Lauda and began to cut the gap to race leader Alain Prost. Andreas Nikolaus "Niki" Lauda (born February 22, 1949 in Vienna) is an Austrian Aviator, Entrepreneur Alain Marie Pascal Prost, OBE (born 24 February 1955 is a French racing driver Before he could pass Prost the race was stopped on lap 31 for safety reasons as the rain grew even heavier. ^[10]

Senna took two more podium finishes that year - third at the British and Portuguese Grands Prix. Results from the 1984 Formula One British Grand Prix held at Brands Hatch on July 22, 1984. Results from the 1984 Formula One Portuguese Grand Prix held at Estoril on October 21, 1984. That left him tied with Nigel Mansell on 13 points, despite having missed the Italian Grand Prix when he was suspended by Toleman after breaking his contract by signing for Lotus for 1985. Biography Mansell was born in Upton-upon-Severn, a small Town in the English county of Worcestershire. 1950s Colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK.

Also in 1984 Senna took part in the 1000 km Nürburgring where, alongside Henri Pescarolo and Stefan Johansson, he co-drove a Porsche 956 to 8th. Complete Formula One World Championship results ( key) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap See also Pescarolo Sport Stefan Nils Edwin Johansson (born September 8, 1956) is a former Formula One driver from Sweden. The Porsche 956 was a Group C Sports-prototype racing car built by Porsche in 1982 for the FIA World Sportscar Championship. ^[11][12] He also entered an exhibition race to celebrate the opening of the new Nürburgring. The Nürburgring, known as simply " The Ring " by enthusiasts is a Motorsport Race track in Nürburg, Germany. Several top F1 drivers took part in the event, driving identical Mercedes 190E 2.3-16. This is about the luxury compact car produced from 1982 to 1993 Senna won from Lauda and Carlos Reutemann. Carlos Alberto Reutemann (born Santa Fe Argentina April 12, 1942) nicknamed "Lole" is an Argentine former racing driver (who raced

1985-87: Lotus

1985

At Lotus in 1985 Senna was partnered by Italian driver Elio de Angelis. Elio de Angelis ( 26 March 1958 – 15 May 1986) was a Racing driver who participated in Formula One between and, racing Senna set his first pole position at the season opener in Brazil at the Jacarepaguá Circuit in Rio de Janeiro, but retired with an electrical problem. Results from the 1985 Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix held at Jacarepaguá on April 7, 1985. The Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet (Nelson Piquet International Autodrome also known as Jacarepaguá, after the neighbourhood it is located was Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil At the second round, held at the Autódromo do Estoril in Estoril, Portugal on April 21, 1985, he scored his first Grand Prix victory, winning from pole position in heavy rain which saw second-place man Prost spin off into the wall. The Autódromo do Estoril (officially Autódromo Fernanda Pires da Silva) is a 4 For the Estoril Circuit used by F1 see Autódromo do Estoril Estoril is a seaside resort and civil parish of the Portuguese Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Results from the 1985 Formula One Portuguese Grand Prix held at Estoril on April 21, 1985. ^[13] Senna took the pole position during qualifying for the 1985 Monaco Grand Prix, but was accused of deliberately baulking other drivers during the final qualifying session by running more laps than necessary. Results from the 1985 Monaco Grand Prix held at Monaco on May 19, 1985. Niki Lauda and Michele Alboreto were most upset by events; Alboreto going so far as to force Senna up an escape road during the session. Andreas Nikolaus "Niki" Lauda (born February 22, 1949 in Vienna) is an Austrian Aviator, Entrepreneur Career 1976-1981 Junior Formulae Michele Alboreto started his career in 1976 racing in Formula Monza with a car he and his friends built known as the "CMR" Senna pointed out that even on the 13th of his 16 qualifying laps he nearly equalled his pole position time, and therefore had continued to run at a competitive pace. ^[14] Senna added a second victory, also in the wet, in the Belgian GP at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. Results from the 1985 Formula One Belgian Grand Prix held at Spa-Francorchamps on September 15, 1985. The Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps is the venue of the Formula One Belgian Grand Prix and the Spa 24 Hours endurance race However, his working relationship with De Angelis grew sour, with both drivers demanding top driver status. Although sensibly quicker (and technically better assisted), Senna spent most of the season behind De Angelis on the points table. Senna ended 1985 fourth in the World Championship with 38 points and six podiums (two wins, two seconds and two thirds), and seven pole positions. De Angelis ended fifth with 33 points and three podiums (one win, two thirds).

1986

For 1986, Ayrton was partnered by Scot Johnny Dumfries after Senna vetoed England's Derek Warwick from joining the team, saying that Lotus were not able to run competitive cars for two top drivers at the same time. John Colum Crichton-Stuart 7th Marquess of Bute (born 26 April 1958 in Rothesay, Isle of Bute) styled Earl of Dumfries before 1993 Derek Stanley Arthur Warwick (born August 27 1954 in Alresford, Hampshire, England) is a British former racing The new Lotus 98T proved more reliable than its predecessor and the season started on a high for Senna, who finished second to Piquet at their home event in Brazil at Jacarepaguá. The Lotus 98T was a development of the Lotus 97T of 1985 Of the four chassis built three were assigned to Ayrton Senna, now in his second year with Team Lotus Results from the 1986 Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix held at Jacarepaguá on March 23, 1986. The Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet (Nelson Piquet International Autodrome also known as Jacarepaguá, after the neighbourhood it is located was He took the World Championship lead for the first time in his career after winning the Spanish GP at Jerez in which he beat Mansell's Williams-Honda by 0. Results from the 1986 Formula One Spanish Grand Prix held at Jerez on April 13, 1986. Circuito Permanente de Jerez is a 4428 m (2752- Miles racing circuit located in the city of Jerez de la Frontera, deep within the Sherry -producing 014 s - one of the closest finishes in Formula One history.

His championship lead did not last long after he suffered several retirements due to mechanical failures. The chase for the title became a fight between Prost's McLaren-TAG and the Williams-Honda duo of Piquet and Mansell. TAG Group (Holdings SA is a private holding company based in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. Senna took his second victory of the year at the United States GP at Detroit, and finished the season in fourth place again, with 55 points, eight pole positions and six podium finishes. The 1986 United States Grand Prix East was a Formula One race held on June 22, 1986 in Detroit Michigan.

1987

1987 promised better things. Lotus now had the same powerful Honda engines as Williams after Renault decided to step out of the sport. 1970s and 1980s 1977 Renault first involvement in Formula One was made by the Renault Sport subsidiary After a slow start, Senna won two races in a row: the prestigious Monaco GP (the first of a record breaking six victories at the Principality) and the United States GP at Detroit for the second year in a row, once again taking the World Championship lead. The 1987 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on May 31 1987 at the Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo. The 1987 United States Grand Prix East was a Formula One race held on June 21, 1987 in Detroit Michigan. This time, the Lotus-Honda 99T seemed to be more or less on par with the all-conquering Williams-Honda cars once again driven by Piquet and Mansell. But despite the improved performance of the 99T, which used a highly innovative and technical active suspension system, the Williams FW11Bs of Piquet and Mansell were still the cars to beat. Active suspension is an automotive technology that controls the vertical movement of the wheels via an onboard system rather than the movement being determined entirely by the surface on The gap between the two teams was never more evident than at the 1987 British Grand Prix at Silverstone where both Mansell and Piquet lapped the identically-engined Lotuses of Senna and team-mate Satoru Nakajima. The 1987 British Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on July 12 1987 at the Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone. Silverstone Circuit is a Motor racing circuit in Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire, named after the village in the former England Satoru Nakajima (Japanese name 中嶋 悟; born February 23, 1953) is a former Racing driver from Japan. After a spin due to a faulty clutch in the third to last round in Mexico, Senna was out of the championship hunt, leaving Piquet and Mansell to fight it out for the last two races. Results from the 1987 Formula One Mexican Grand Prix held at Mexico City on October 18, 1987.

Mansell badly injured his back in a heavy accident while practicing for the 1987 Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka, effectively handing the 1987 World Championship to Piquet since he would miss the last two races of the year. Results from the 1987 Japanese Grand Prix held at Suzuka on November 1, 1987. Suzuka International Racing Course ( Suzuka Circuit for short is a co-host of the Formula One Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix, and This meant that Senna still had a chance to finish as runner-up in the standings if he finished at least third in the two remaining races in Japan and Australia. Results from the 1987 Japanese Grand Prix held at Suzuka on November 1, 1987. Race The third Australian Grand Prix to be held at Adelaide and the final round of the 1987 Formula One Grand Prix season proved to be another eventful race He finished second in both events, but at the Australian Grand Prix, post-race scrutineering found the brake ducts of his Lotus-Honda to be wider than permitted by the rules and he was disqualified, bringing his last and most successful season with Lotus to a sour end. After the disqualification, he was classified third in the final standings, with 57 points, one pole position, and six podium finishes (four seconds and two thirds). This season marked a turning point in Senna's career as, throughout the year, he built a deep relationship with Honda, a relationship which would pay big dividends, for Ayrton was heading for McLaren who had secured Williams' supply of Honda's V6 turbo engines for 1988. ^[15]

1988-93: McLaren

1988

In 1988, thanks to the relationship he had built up with Honda throughout the 1987 season with Lotus, and with the approval of McLaren's number one driver and then-double world champion, Alain Prost, Senna joined the McLaren team. ^[16] The foundation for a fierce competition between Senna and Prost was laid, culminating in a number of dramatic race incidents between the two. ^[17] The pair won 15 of 16 races in the dominant McLaren MP4/4 in 1988 with Senna coming out on top, winning his first Formula One world championship title. The McLaren MP4/4 was the most dominant car in the history of Formula One. ^[18] At the 1988 Portuguese Grand Prix, Prost got away slightly faster than Senna at the start but the Brazilian dived into the first corner ahead. The 1988 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on September 25 1988 at the Autódromo do Estoril, Estoril. Prost responded and went to pass Senna at the end of the first lap. Senna swerved to block Prost, forcing the Frenchman nearly to run into the pitwall at 180 mph. Prost kept his foot down and soon edged Senna into the first corner and started pulling away fast. Though Prost was angered by Senna's manoeuvre, the Brazilian got away with a warning from the FIA.

1989

The following year the rivalry between Senna and Prost intensified into battles on the track and a psychological war off it. ^[19] Prost took the 1989 world title after a collision with Senna at the Suzuka track, the second to last race in the season, which Senna needed to win if he wanted to remain in contention for the title. Senna had attempted an inside pass when Prost turned into the corner and cut him off, with the two McLarens finishing up with their wheels interlocked in the Suzuka chicane escape road. ^[20] Senna then got a push-start from marshals, stopped at the McLaren pit to replace the damaged nose cone of his car, and rejoined the race. He took the lead from the Benetton of Alessandro Nannini and went on to finish first, only to be later disqualified by the FIA for cutting the chicane after the collision, and for crossing into the pit lane entry (not part of the track). Benetton Formula Ltd, commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. Alessandro Nannini (born July 7, 1959) is a former Racing driver from Italy. ^[21] A large fine and temporary suspension of his Super License followed in the winter of 1989 and Senna engaged in a bitter war of words with the FIA and its then President Jean-Marie Balestre. The FIA Super Licence is a qualification allowing the Licence holder to take part in Formula One Grands Prix as a driver Jean-Marie Balestre ( April 9, 1921 &ndash March 27, 2008) was a French auto racing executive who was president of FISA ^[22]

1990

In 1990, at the same circuit and with both drivers again in contention for the title, Senna took pole ahead of Prost. The pole position in Suzuka was on the right-hand, dirty side of the track. Prost's Ferrari made a better start and pulled ahead of Senna's McLaren. At the first turn Senna aggressively kept his line while Prost turned in and the McLaren ploughed into the rear wheel of Prost's Ferrari at about 270 km/h (170 mph), putting both cars off the track, this time making Senna the Formula 1 world champion. ^[23] A year later, after taking his third world championship, Senna explained to the press his actions of the previous year in Suzuka. He maintained that prior to qualifying fastest, he had sought and received assurances from race officials that pole position would be changed to the left-hand, clean side of the track, only to find this decision reversed by Jean-Marie Balestre after he had taken pole. ^[24] Explaining the collision with Prost, Senna said that what he had wanted was to make clear he was not going to accept what he perceived as unfair decisions by Balestre including his disqualification in 1989 and the pole position in 1990:

"I think what happened in 1989 was unforgivable, and I will never forget it. I still struggle to cope with it even now. You know what took place here: Prost and I crashed at the chicane, when he turned into me. Afterwards, I rejoined the race, and I won it, but they decided against me, and that was not justice. What happened afterwards was. . . a theatre, but I could not say what I thought. If you do that, you get penalties, you get fined, you lose your license maybe. Is that a fair way of working? It is not. . . At Suzuka last year I asked the officials to change pole position from the right side of the track to the left. It was unfair, as it was, because the right side is always dirty, and there is less grip — you sweat to get pole position, and then you are penalized for it. And they said, "Yes, no problem". Then, what happened? Balestre gave an order that it wasn't to be changed. I know how the system works, and I thought this was really s***. So I said to myself, "OK, whatever happens, I'm going to get into the first corner first — I'm not prepared to let the guy (Alain Prost) turn into that corner before me. If I'm near enough to him, he can't turn in front of me — he just has to let me through. " I didn't care if we crashed; I went for it. And he took a chance, turned in, and we crashed. It was building up, it was inevitable. It had to happen. " So you did cause it then, someone said. "Why did I cause it?" Senna responded. "If you get f***** every time you try to do your job cleanly, within the system, what do you do? Stand back, and say thank you? No way. You should fight for what you think is right. If pole had been on the left, I'd have made it to the first corner in the lead, no problem. That was a bad decision to keep pole on the right, and it was influenced by Balestre. And the result was what happened in the first corner. I contributed to it, but it was not my responsibility". ^[25]

1991

Senna captured his third title in 1991, taking seven wins and staying largely clear of controversy. The 1993 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Hockenheim on July 25, 1993. The 1991 Formula One season was the 42nd FIA Formula One World Championship season Prost, due to the downturn in performance at Ferrari, was no longer a serious competitor. By mid-season, Nigel Mansell in the more advanced Williams was able to put up a challenge. Biography Mansell was born in Upton-upon-Severn, a small Town in the English county of Worcestershire. Though Senna's consistency and the William's unreliability at the season start gave him an early advantage, Senna insisted that Honda step up their engine development program and demanded further improvements to the car before it was too late. These modifications enabled him to make a late season push by winning three races to secure the championship. There were some memorable moments, such as at the Spanish Grand Prix when Senna and Mansell went wheel to wheel with only centimeters to spare, at over 320 km/h (200mph) down the main straight, a race that the Briton eventually won. Quite a different spectacle was offered following Mansell's victory in the British Grand Prix at Silverstone. Senna's car had come to a halt on the final lap but he was not left stranded out on the circuit, as Mansell pulled over on his parade lap and allowed the Brazilian to ride on the Williams side-pod back to the pits.

1992

In 1992, Senna's absolute determination to win manifested itself in dismay at McLaren's inability to challenge Williams all-conquering FW14B car. The Williams FW14 was an F1 car designed by Patrick Head and Adrian Newey for the 1991 and 1992 F1 seasons ^[26] McLaren's new car for the season had several shortcomings. There was delay in getting the new model running (it debuted in the fourth race of the season) and in addition to lacking active suspension the new car suffered from reliability issues, was unpredictable in fast corners, while its Honda V12 engine was no longer the most powerful on the circuit. ^[27] Senna scored wins in Monaco, Hungary, and Italy that year, but finished a disappointing fourth overall in the championship, behind the Williams duo of Mansell and Patrese, and Benetton's Michael Schumacher. Michael Schumacher (German pronunciation;) (born January 3, 1969, in Hürth-Hermülheim, Germany) is a former Formula ^[28][29]

1993

Questions about Senna's intentions for 1993 lingered throughout 1992 as he did not have a contract with any team by the end of the year. He felt the McLaren cars were less competitive than previously (especially after Honda bowed out of Formula 1 at the end of the 1992 season). Joining Williams alongside Prost became impossible since Prost had a clause on his contract forbidding Senna as a team-mate, even though the Brazilian offered to drive for free. An infuriated Senna called Prost a coward in a press conference in Estoril. ^[30][31] In December, Senna went to Phoenix, Arizona and tested Emerson Fittipaldi's Penske IndyCar. Emerson Fittipaldi (born December 12, 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a highly successful Brazilian automobile racing driver winning world championships Penske Racing is a racing team that competes in the Indy Racing League, ALMS, and NASCAR. ^[32]

McLaren boss Ron Dennis meanwhile was trying to secure a supply of the dominant Renault V10 engine for 1993. Ron Dennis CBE (born June 1, 1947) is the Chairman, CEO and 15% owner of the McLaren Group. ^[33] When this deal fell through, McLaren was forced to take a customer supply of Ford V8 engines. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following ^[34] As a customer team, McLaren got an engine that was a version behind that of Ford's factory team, Benetton, but hoped to make up for the inferior horsepower with mechanical sophistication, including an effective active suspension system. ^[35] Dennis then finally persuaded Senna to return to McLaren. But the Brazilian agreed only to sign up for the first race in South Africa, where he would assess whether McLaren’s equipment was competitive enough for him to put in a good season.

After driving McLaren's 1993 car, Senna concluded that the new car had a surprising potential albeit the engine was still down on power and would be no match for Prost’s Williams Renault. ^[36] Senna declined to sign a one-year contract but agreed to drive on a race-by-race basis, eventually staying for the year,^[37] although some sources claim this was a marketing ploy between Dennis and Senna. After finishing second in the opening race in South Africa,^[38] Senna won in constantly changing conditions at home in Brazil^[39] and in the rain at Donington. The 1993 South African Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Kyalami on March 14, 1993. The 1993 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Interlagos on March 28, 1993. The 1993 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Donington Park on April 11, 1993. The latter has often been regarded as one of Senna's greatest victories. ^[40] He started the race fourth and dropped to fifth on the run down to the first corner, but was leading before the first lap was completed. He went on to lap the entire field in a race where up to seven pit stops were required by some drivers for rain/slick tyres depending on the conditions. ^[41][42] Senna then scored a second place finish in Spain and a record breaking sixth win at Monaco. The 1993 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on May 9, 1993 at the Circuit de Catalunya. The 1993 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on May 23, 1993. ^[43] After Monaco, the sixth race of the season, Senna led the championship ahead of Prost in the Williams-Renault and Benetton's Michael Schumacher despite McLaren’s inferior engine. Michael Schumacher (German pronunciation;) (born January 3, 1969, in Hürth-Hermülheim, Germany) is a former Formula ^[44] As the season progressed, Prost and Damon Hill asserted the superiority of the Williams-Renault car, with Prost securing the drivers' championship while Hill moved up to second in the standings. Damon Graham Devereux Hill OBE (born 17 September 1960 in London) is a retired World Championship winning British racing driver from England Senna concluded the season and his McLaren career with two wins in Japan and Australia, finishing 2nd overall in the championship. The 1993 Japanese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Suzuka on October 24, 1993. The 1993 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Adelaide on November 7, 1993. ^[45][46] The penultimate race was noted for an incident where Jordan's rookie Eddie Irvine unlapped himself against Senna. Early history Jordan's success in lower formulae inspired the creation of a Formula One programme for the 1991 season. Before F1 (1983–1993 Eddie Irvine's racing career began in Formula Ford, and from 1983 through 1986 he spent the championships in middle-field places finishing on the The incensed Brazilian later appeared at Jordan's garage and punched the Ulsterman. ^[47]

1994: Williams

For 1994, Senna finally signed with the Williams-Renault team. Prost's contract clause forbidding Senna from joining Williams did not extend to 1994 and Prost retired with one year left on his contract, rather than face the prospect of being a teammate of his greatest rival. ^[48]

Williams had won the previous two World Championships with vastly superior cars, and Senna was a natural and presumptive pre-season title favorite, with second-year driver Damon Hill intended to play the supporting role. A world championship(s is the top achievement for any sport or Contest. Between them, Prost, Senna, and Hill had won all but one race in 1993. Benetton's Michael Schumacher had won the remaining event.

Pre-season testing showed that the Williams car had speed, but it was difficult to drive. The FIA had banned electronic driver aids, such as active suspension, traction control and ABS, to make the sport more "human". Active suspension is an automotive technology that controls the vertical movement of the wheels via an onboard system rather than the movement being determined entirely by the surface on A traction control system ( TCS) also known as Anti-Slip Regulation ( ASR) on current production Vehicles are typically (but not necessarily An anti-lock braking system, or ABS (from the German, A nti' b' lockier' s' ystem) is a safety system on Motor vehicles The Williams was not a well-handling car at the start of 1994, as observed by other F1 drivers, having been seen to be very loose at the rear. Senna himself had made numerous (politically careful) comments that the Williams FW16 had some quirks which needed to be ironed out. The Williams FW16 was a Formula One car used by the Williams team for the 1994 Formula One season. It was obvious that the FW16, after the regulation changes banning active suspension and traction control, exhibited none of the superiority of the FW15C and FW14B cars that had preceded it. The Williams FW15C was a Renault -powered Formula One car designed and built by Williams Grand Prix Engineering and raced by Alain Prost and The Williams FW14 was an F1 car designed by Patrick Head and Adrian Newey for the 1991 and 1992 F1 seasons The surprise of testing was the Benetton team, whose car was more nimble than the Williams although less powerful.

The first race of the season was in Brazil, where Senna took pole. The 1994 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on March 27 1994 at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo. In the race Senna took an early lead but Schumacher's Benetton was never far behind. Schumacher took the race lead for good after passing Senna in the pits. Senna refused to settle for second. While trying for a win, he pushed too hard and spun the car, stalling it and retiring from the race.

The second race was the Pacific Grand Prix at Aida where Senna again placed the car on pole. The 1994 Pacific Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on April 17 1994 at the TI Circuit, Aida. However, he was hit from behind in the first corner by Mika Häkkinen and his race came to a definitive end when a Ferrari driven by Nicola Larini also crashed into his Williams. Mika Pauli Häkkinen ( (born September 28, 1968 in Helsingin maalaiskunta) is a Finnish racing driver and two-time Formula Nicola Larini (born March 19, 1964) is a Racing driver from Italy. Hill finished second while Schumacher took victory again.

It was Senna's worst start to an F1 season, failing to finish or score points in the first two races, despite taking pole both times. Schumacher was leading Senna in the drivers' championship by twenty points. ^[49]

Luca Di Montezemolo is quoted saying that Senna came to him the Tuesday before the Imola race and praised Ferrari for the battle against electronics in F1. Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing Senna also told Montezemolo that he would like to end his career with Ferrari. ^[50]

Death

Main article: Death of Ayrton Senna

At the third race of the season, the San Marino Grand Prix at Imola, Senna declared that this was where his season would start, with fourteen races, as opposed to sixteen, in which to win the title. The death of Formula One triple world champion Ayrton Senna resulted from a crash that occurred while he was leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix The 1994 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on May 1 1994 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola, Italy. ^[51] Senna again placed the car on pole, but he was particularly upset by two events. On Friday, during the afternoon qualifying session, Senna's protégé, the then F1 newcomer Rubens Barrichello, was involved in a serious accident that prevented him from competing in the race. Rubens Gonçalves Barrichello (born May 23 1972 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver currently driving for The next day, Austrian driver Roland Ratzenberger was killed in a practice accident. Roland Ratzenberger ( July 4, 1960 &ndash April 30, 1994) was an Austrian Racing driver who died during qualifying for the

Senna spent his final morning meeting fellow drivers, determined after Ratzenberger's accident to take on a new responsibility to re-create a Drivers' Safety group (i. e. Grand Prix Drivers' Association) to increase safety in Formula One. The Grand Prix Drivers' Association (often shortened to just GPDA) is effectively the " union " of Formula One drivers As the most senior driver, he offered to take the role of leader in this effort.

Senna and the other drivers all opted to start the Grand Prix, but the race was interrupted by a huge accident at the start line. A safety car was deployed and the drivers followed it for several laps. On the restart Senna immediately set a quick pace with the third quickest lap of the race, followed by Schumacher. As Senna entered the high-speed Tamburello corner on the next lap, the car left the track at high speed, hitting the concrete retaining wall at around 135 mph. Senna was removed from the car by Sid Watkins and his medical team and treated by the side of the car before being airlifted to Bologna hospital where Senna was later declared dead. Professor Eric Sidney Watkins, MD, OBE, FRCS (born September 6, 1928) is a world-renowned English neurosurgeon What had likely happened was that the right front wheel had shot up after impact like a catapult and violated the cockpit area where Senna was sitting. It impacted the right frontal area of his helmet, and the violence of the wheel’s impact pushed his head back against the headrest, causing fatal skull fractures. A piece of upright attached to the wheel had partially penetrated his helmet and made a big indent in his forehead. In addition, it appeared that a jagged piece of the upright assembly had penetrated the helmet visor just above his right eye. Any one of the three injuries would probably have killed him. ^[52] As track officials examined the wreckage of his racing car they found a furled Austrian flag -- a victory flag that he was going to raise in honour of Austrian Roland Ratzenberger, who had died on that track the day before. The flag of Austria has three equal horizontal bands of red (top white and red ^[53]

To this day, the cause of the accident has still not been fully determined after many court cases, including Williams being investigated for manslaughter though the charges were later dropped. Manslaughter is a legal term for the killing of a human being in a manner considered by law as less culpable than Murder.

Funeral

Senna's death was considered by many of his Brazilian fans to be a national tragedy, and the Brazilian government declared three days of national mourning. An estimated million people lined the streets to give him their salute. Most of Formula One attended Senna's state funeral, notably among them his fierce rival Alain Prost who was one of the pallbearers. However, FIA President Max Mosley did not, as he attended the funeral of Ratzenberger instead which took place on May 7, 1994 in Salzburg, Austria. Max Rufus Mosley (born 13 April 1940 is president of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA a non-profit association that represents the interests of Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich ^[54] Mosley said in a press conference ten years later, "I went to his funeral because everyone went to Senna's. I thought it was important that somebody went to his. "^[55] A testament to the adulation he inspired among fans worldwide was the scene at the Tokyo headquarters of Honda where the McLaren cars were typically displayed after each race. Upon his death, so many floral tributes were received that it overwhelmed the large exhibit lobby. This in spite the fact Senna no longer drove for McLaren and that McLaren, in the preceding seasons did not utilize Honda power. Senna had a special relationship with company founder Soichiro Honda and was beloved in Japan where he achieved a near mythic status. Sōichirō Honda (本田 宗一郎 Honda Sōichirō, November 17, 1906 &ndash August 5, 1991) was a Japanese Engineer In his home country of Brazil, the main freeway from the international airport to São Paulo and a tunnel along route to the heart of the city is named in his honour. Senna is buried at the Morumbi Cemetery in his hometown of São Paulo. Cemitério do Morumbi (Morumbi Cemetery is a Cemetery in São Paulo, Brazil.

For the next race at Monaco, the FIA decided to leave empty the first two grid positions and painted them with the colors of the Brazilian and the Austrian flag, to honour Senna and Ratzenberger. The 1994 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on May 15 1994 at the Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo.

Qualifying

Senna was particularly known for attaining pole positions; the fastest qualifying time for a given race. Senna produced 65 pole positions from 161 races. This record of 65 pole positions stood for 12 years after his death, before it was surpassed by Michael Schumacher after taking pole position for the 2006 San Marino Grand Prix, his 236th race. Michael Schumacher (German pronunciation;) (born January 3, 1969, in Hürth-Hermülheim, Germany) is a former Formula The 2006 San Marino Grand Prix was the fourth race of the 2006 Formula One World Championship.

Senna described in detail his mental experience in qualifying for the 1988 Monaco Grand Prix:

“

. . . the last qualifying session. I was already on pole, then by half a second and then one second and I just kept going. Suddenly I was nearly two seconds faster than anybody else, including my team mate with the same car. And suddenly I realised that I was no longer driving the car consciously. I was driving it by a kind of instinct, only I was in a different dimension. It was like I was in a tunnel. Not only the tunnel under the hotel but the whole circuit was a tunnel. I was just going and going, more and more and more and more. I was way over the limit but still able to find even more. Then suddenly something just kicked me. I kind of woke up and realised that I was in a different atmosphere than you normally are. My immediate reaction was to back off, slow down. I drove slowly back to the pits and I didn't want to go out any more that day. It frightened me because I was well beyond my conscious understanding. It happens rarely but I keep these experiences very much alive inside me because it is something that is important for self-preservation.

”

In that session, lap after lap he broke his own pole position time.

During the 2004 San Marino Grand Prix ten year anniversary remembrance of Ayrton Senna in a series of interviews, Gerhard Berger, Senna's team mate at McLaren from 1990-1992 and a very close friend, expressed a memory of what it was like qualifying with Senna:

“

I remember one weekend in Imola where I went out, I set the time. The 2004 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on April 25, 2004 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, Imola Gerhard Berger, (born August 27, 1959 in Wörgl) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver who owns 50% of the Scuderia The 1990 Formula One season was the 41st FIA Formula One World Championship season The 1992 Formula One season was the 43rd FIA Formula One World Championship season He went out, he was a bit quicker. I went out, I was quicker than him. He went out, he was quicker than me, and then it goes forwards, backwards -- ping pong -- until close to the end of the qualifying and it was the last set of tyres, and he was sitting in the racing car, me in my one, and he got out of the racing car, walked over to my one and said, 'Listen, it's gonna get very dangerous now,' and I say 'So what? Let's go!'

”

It was the 1990 San Marino Grand Prix and Senna qualified first, with Berger behind by half a second. The 1990 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on 13 May 1990 at Imola.

This competition could perhaps be attributed to not only Senna's determination and desire to be first (including qualifying), but Senna and Berger's close friendship and horseplay.

Wet weather driving

In F1, wet weather racing is considered to be a great equaliser of cars; that is, the driver makes more of a difference. Speeds must be reduced and car superiority in power or grip is greatly reduced. The rain demands great driver car control, ability and driving finesse. Senna had some of his best performances in such conditions.

One of Senna's tactics was not to change into the rain tyres at the start of the rain but to keep racing using slick tyres. Rain tyres or Wet tyres are special tyres used in Motor sport in wet weather as opposed to a Slick tyre used in dry conditions Although it made racing much more difficult Senna often gained several seconds of time ahead of his competitors because most of them were stopping to change to rain tyres.

The 1984 season was Senna's first in F1. He came into a field of competitors from whose ranks 16 world championships would be reaped. Participating as a rookie in a relatively uncompetitive car, the Toleman TG184, Senna had racked up three race retirements, a 6th and a 7th place from his first 5 races.

He started the first wet race of the season, the Monaco Grand Prix in 13th place. Results from the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix held at Monaco on June 3, 1984. The race was stopped for safety reasons after only 31 laps due to monsoon conditions which were deemed undriveable. At the time the race was stopped, Senna was in 2nd place, and catching race leader Alain Prost, at 4 seconds per lap.

In 1993, at the European GP at Donington Park, Senna drove for the McLaren team. The 1993 Formula One season was the 44th FIA Formula One World Championship season The 1993 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Donington Park on April 11, 1993. Donington Park is a site near Castle Donington in North West Leicestershire, England, owned by Donington Ventures Leisure Ltd The MP4/8, although one of the front running cars, was considered inferior to the leading Williams FW15C of Prost and Hill, and the Benetton B193 - which used a factory-supplied Ford engine - driven by Michael Schumacher and Riccardo Patrese. The Williams FW15C was a Renault -powered Formula One car designed and built by Williams Grand Prix Engineering and raced by Alain Prost and Riccardo Patrese (born April 17 1954) is an Italian former Racing driver, who raced in Formula One from to. ^[56]

Senna started the wet weather GP in fourth place on the grid. At the very start, Hill cut across Schumacher's line, causing Schumacher to cut further to the outside across Senna's own line. Karl Wendlinger's Sauber then passed both Schumacher and Senna on the inside, leaving Senna in fifth and Schumacher in fourth. Senna cut to the inside, having no room to move to the outside as Schumacher came across. Despite being in fifth place at the first corner, at the end of the first lap he was in first place, having overtaken Schumacher, Wendlinger, Hill and Prost (Schumacher and Wendlinger did not have traction control). Examples of wet weather car control such as this gained Senna the title "The Rain Man" in numerous F1 publications in the early 90s. The opening lap is frequently cited as a one of the sport's great moments. Senna is regarded by many as the fastest driver that has ever been involved in Formula One Motor Racing and was also rated by a 2006 F1 magazine poll to be the greatest Formula One driver of all time. ^[57]

Character

Beyond his exceptional driving skills Senna was one of the sport's most compelling personalities. ^[58] Intensely introspective and extremely passionate, he used driving as a means for self-discovery, and racing as a metaphor for life: “The harder I push, the more I find within myself. I am always looking for the next step, a different world to go into, areas where I have not been before. It’s lonely driving a Grand Prix car, but very absorbing. I have experienced new sensations and I want more. That is my excitement, my motivation. ”^[59] Starkly contrasting to Senna's intense and unyielding will to win on the track, his exploits off it were humane and compassionate. He was renowned for his close relationship with Gerhard Berger, and the two were always playing practical jokes on each other. Gerhard Berger, (born August 27, 1959 in Wörgl) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver who owns 50% of the Scuderia ^[60]

Berger is quoted as saying "He taught me a lot about our sport, I taught him to laugh".

In the documentary film "The Right to Win" made in 2004 as a tribute to Senna, Frank Williams notably recalls that as good a driver as Senna was, ultimately "he was an even greater man outside of the car than he was in it. Sir Francis Owen Garbatt Williams CBE (born April 16 1942 is founder and manager of the WilliamsF1 Formula One racing team "

Legacy

In 2004 (when, ten years after his death, the Brazilian media revisited the life of Senna), a book called "Ayrton: The Hero Revealed" (original title: "Ayrton: O Herói Revelado"^[61]) was published in Brazil. The book recalls several passages of Senna's career, and adds previously unknown information about his personal life, including speculation on his possible homosexuality.

In addition, to mark the 10th anniversary of Senna's passing, on April 21, 2004, over 10,000 people attended a charity match in a football stadium near Imola. The game was organized by several devoted Italian and Canadian fans of Ayrton, bringing the 1994 FIFA World Cup winning team of Brazil (who dedicated their 1994 FIFA World Cup win to Ayrton Senna) to face the "Nazionale Piloti", an exhibition team comprised exclusively of top race car drivers. The 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 15th staging of the FIFA World Cup, was held in the United States from June 17 to July 17 1994 The Brazil national football team is the national team of Brazil and is managed by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF that represents Brazil in international Senna had been a part of the latter in 1985. Michael Schumacher, Jarno Trulli, Rubens Barrichello, Fernando Alonso and many others faced the likes of Dunga, Careca, Taffarel and many of the team that won the World Cup in the USA ten years earlier. Jarno Trulli (born July 13[[ 974]] age) is an Italian Formula One Auto racing driver currently driving for the Toyota team Fernando Alonso Díaz (born July 29, 1981 in Oviedo, Spain) is a Spanish Formula One racing driver and a two-time Dunga (born Carlos Caetano Bledorn Verri on October 31, 1963 in Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul) is a Brazilian former football Antônio de Oliveira Filho (born October 5 1960) known commonly as Careca is a former football player Cláudio André Mergen Taffarel (born May 8, 1966 in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul) is a Brazilian former football The FIFA World Cup, occasionally called the Football World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international Association football The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The match finished 5-5 and the money was donated to Instituto Ayrton Senna. Viviane Senna, Ayrton's sister and president of the institute, gave the initial kick.

That same weekend, Bernie Ecclestone revealed that he still believed Ayrton Senna was and remained the best F1 driver he'd ever seen. Bernard Charles "Bernie" Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930 near Bungay Suffolk, England) is the president and CEO of

In 2005, Italian singer Cesare Cremonini released a song entitled, "Marmellata #25", and in the chorus he has part of a line that reads in Italian "Ahh! Da quando Senna non corre più. For the Italian Renaissance scholastic see Cesare Cremonini (philosopher Cesare Cremonini (born on March 27, 1980 in . . non è più domenica!", which translates to: "Oh! Since Senna doesn't race anymore. . . it's not Sunday anymore!"

Many safety improvements were made in the sport following Senna and Ratzenberger's deaths. Although many other drivers had died before him, no other driver of the same fame and adoration had been killed in an F1 race. Improved crash barriers, redesigned tracks and tyre barriers, higher crash safety standards, and higher sills on the driver cockpit are changes due to Senna and Ratzenberger's deaths.

After Senna's death it was discovered that he had donated millions of dollars of his personal fortune (estimated at $400 million at the time of his death)^[62] to children's charities, a fact that during his life he had kept secret. The definition of charitable organization, and of charity varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates His foundation in Brazil, Instituto Ayrton Senna, has invested nearly US$ 80 million over the last twelve years in social programs and actions in partnership with schools, government, NGOs, and the private sector aimed at offering children and teenagers from low-income backgrounds the skills and opportunities they need to develop to their full potential as persons, citizens and future professionals. ^[63]

Senna and the NSX

To take advantage of the close relationship Honda had with the Brazilian prodigy during his tenure as #1 driver for the McLaren/Honda F1 Team, Ayrton Senna was called in to fine-tune the Honda NSX's suspension setting during its final development stages. Development In 1984 Honda commissioned Pininfarina to design the HP-X ( H onda P ininfarina X perimental which had a mid-mounted 2 The tests were conducted at Suzuka Circuit with chief NSX engineer Shigeru Uehara and his engineering team present to gather Senna's direct input. Suzuka International Racing Course ( Suzuka Circuit for short is a co-host of the Formula One Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix, and As a result of his suspension tuning, Senna subsequently found the prototype NSX initially lacked chassis stiffness to the level he was accustomed to, so the final production version was further reinforced to his satisfaction. Dubbed the 1992 NSX Type-R it is a limited version of the car, sold mainly within Japan.

MV Agusta F4 750 Senna

In 2002, the MV Agusta F4 750 Senna motorbike was created by Claudio Castiglioni, president of MV Agusta, to pay tribute to Senna, who was a close friend of his. The F4 was the motorcycle that launched the resurrection of MV Agusta in 1998 It was limited to 300 bikes, and all profits from sales went to the Ayrton Senna Foundation. The bike's chassis and engine are based on the F4 750 SPR, which is a highly-specified version of the F4. The F4 was the motorcycle that launched the resurrection of MV Agusta in 1998

Notable quotations

• "Winning is like a drug, I cannot justify in any circumstances coming second or third. "^[64]
• "Being second is to be the first of the ones who lose. "
• "On a given day, a given circumstance, you think you have a limit. And you then go for this limit and you touch this limit, and you think, 'Okay, this is the limit'. And so you touch this limit, something happens and you suddenly can go a little bit further. With your mind power, your determination, your instinct, and the experience as well, you can fly very high. "
• "One particular thing that Formula-1 can provide you, is that you know you're always exposed to danger. Danger of getting hurt, danger of dying. This is part of your life, and you either face it in a professional, in a cool manner, or you just drop it, just leave it and don't do it anymore really. And I happen to like too much what I do to just drop it, I can't drop it. "
• "Racing, competing, it's in my blood. It's part of me, it's part of my life; I have been doing it all my life and it stands out before everything else. "
• "There are no small accidents on this circuit. " - talking about the Imola circuit before the fatal 1994 race.
• "It's going to be a season with lots of accidents, and I'll risk saying that we'll be lucky if something really serious doesn't happen. " - pre-season 1994.
• "I continuously go further and further learning about my own limitations, my body limitation, psychological limitations. It's a way of life for me. "
• "Of course there are moments that you wonder how long you should be doing it because there are other aspects which are not nice, of this lifestyle. But I just love winning. "
• "If you have a target in your life, a real target, doesn't matter if you are very poor or rich people, if you work hard and believe in God, you can get the success, success in the life. "
• "I know that it is impossible to win always. I just hope that defeat doesn't come this weekend. "
• "I don't know driving in another way which isn't risky. Each one has to improve himself. Each driver has its limit. My limit is a little bit further than other's. "
• "If I ever happen to have an accident that eventually costs me my life, I hope it is in one go. I would not like to be in a wheelchair. I would not like to be in a hospital suffering from whatever injury it was. If I'm going to live, I want to live fully. Very intensely, because I am an intense person. It would ruin my life if I had to live partially. " (January 1994, 4 months prior to his death)

Complete Formula One results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Team	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	WDC	Points[1]
1984	Toleman Group Motorsport	Toleman TG183B	Hart S4 (t/c)	BRA Ret	RSA 6	BEL 6	SMR DNQ													9th	13
		Toleman TG184	Hart S4 (t/c)					FRA Ret	MON 2	CAN 7	USE Ret	USA Ret	GBR 3	GER Ret	AUT Ret	NED Ret	ITA	EUR Ret	POR 3
1985	John Player Special Team Lotus	Lotus 97T	Renault V6 (t/c)	BRA Ret	POR 1	SMR 7	MON Ret	CAN 16	USA Ret	FRA Ret	GBR 10	GER Ret	AUT 2	NED 3	ITA 3	BEL 1	EUR 2	RSA Ret	AUS Ret	4th	38
1986	John Player Special Team Lotus	Lotus 98T	Renault V6 (t/c)	BRA 2	ESP 1	SMR Ret	MON 3	BEL 2	CAN 5	USA 1	FRA Ret	GBR Ret	GER 2	HUN 2	AUT Ret	ITA Ret	POR 4	MEX 3	AUS Ret	4th	55
1987	Camel Team Lotus Honda	Lotus 99T	Honda V6 (t/c)	BRA Ret	SMR 2	BEL Ret	MON 1	USA 1	FRA 4	GBR 3	GER 3	HUN 2	AUT 5	ITA 2	POR 7	ESP 5	MEX Ret	JPN 2	AUS DSQ	3rd	57
1988	Honda Marlboro McLaren	McLaren MP4/4	Honda V6 (t/c)	BRA DSQ	SMR 1	MON Ret	MEX 2	CAN 1	USA 1	FRA 2	GBR 1	GER 1	HUN 1	BEL 1	ITA 10	POR 6	ESP 4	JPN 1	AUS 2	1st	90 (94)
1989	Honda Marlboro McLaren	McLaren MP4/5	Honda V10	BRA 11	SMR 1	MON 1	MEX 1	USA Ret	CAN 7	FRA Ret	GBR Ret	GER 1	HUN 2	BEL 1	ITA Ret	POR Ret	ESP 1	JPN DSQ	AUS Ret	2nd	60
1990	Honda Marlboro McLaren	McLaren MP4/5B	Honda V10	USA 1	BRA 3	SMR Ret	MON 1	CAN 1	MEX 20	FRA 3	GBR 3	GER 1	HUN 2	BEL 1	ITA 1	POR 2	ESP Ret	JPN Ret	AUS Ret	1st	78
1991	Honda Marlboro McLaren	McLaren MP4/6	Honda V12	USA 1	BRA 1	SMR 1	MON 1	CAN Ret	MEX 3	FRA 3	GBR 4	GER 7	HUN 1	BEL 1	ITA 2	POR 2	ESP 5	JPN 2	AUS 1	1st	96
1992	Honda Marlboro McLaren	McLaren MP4/6B	Honda V12	RSA 3	MEX Ret															4th	50
		McLaren MP4/7A	Honda V12			BRA Ret	ESP 9	SMR 3	MON 1	CAN Ret	FRA Ret	GBR Ret	GER 2	HUN 1	BEL 5	ITA 1	POR 3	JPN Ret	AUS Ret
1993	Marlboro McLaren	McLaren MP4/8	Ford V8	RSA 2	BRA 1	EUR 1	SMR Ret	ESP 2	MON 1	CAN 18	FRA 4	GBR 5	GER 4	HUN Ret	BEL 4	ITA Ret	POR Ret	JPN 1	AUS 1	2nd	73
1994	Rothmans Williams Renault	Williams FW16	Renault V10	BRA Ret	PAC Ret	SMR Ret	MON	ESP	CAN	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	EUR	JPN	AUS	-	0

References

Further reading

• Article, April 21, 2004 re: Ayrton Senna brand and charitable organization 10 years later (The Times)
• Ayrton Senna Photos
• Ayrton Senna career details
• Ayrton Senna's Super Monaco GP II at MobyGames
• Ayrton Senna statistics

External links

• Official Ayrton Senna Website (Portuguese)
• Instituto Ayrton Senna official site (English)
• Ayrton Senna - Motor Racing Legend
• Biography of Ayrton Senna
• Ayrton Senna Videos - Classic F1 Videos

Sporting positions
Preceded by Roberto Moreno	British Formula Ford Champion 1981	Succeeded by Julian Bailey
Preceded by Tommy Byrne	British Formula Three Champion 1983	Succeeded by Johnny Dumfries
Preceded by Roberto Moreno	Macau Grand Prix winner 1983	Succeeded by John Nielsen
Preceded by Nelson Piquet	Formula One World Champion 1988	Succeeded by Alain Prost
Preceded by Alain Prost	Formula One World Champion 1990-1991	Succeeded by Nigel Mansell
Preceded by Roland Ratzenberger	Formula One fatal accidents May 1, 1994	Succeeded by last F1 fatality to date
Awards
Preceded by Nigel Mansell	Autosport International Racing Driver Award 1988	Succeeded by Jean Alesi
Preceded by Jean Alesi	Autosport International Racing Driver Award 1990-1991	Succeeded by Nigel Mansell

Persondata
NAME	Senna, Ayrton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Senna, Ayrton, da Silva
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Brazilian racing driver and triple Formula One world champion
DATE OF BIRTH	March 21, 1960
PLACE OF BIRTH	São Paulo, Brazil
DATE OF DEATH	May 1, 1994
PLACE OF DEATH	Imola, Italy

The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. MobyGames is a Website devoted to cataloging computer and video games, both past and present Career Substitute Moreno stood in for Nigel Mansell at Lotus at the 1982 Dutch Grand Prix after Mansell broke his wrist in the previous The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Formula Ford is a single seater open wheel class in Motorsport which exists in some form in many countries around the world Julian Bailey (born 9 October 1961 in Woolwich, London) is a former Formula One driver who raced for the Tyrrell Tommy Byrne (born May 6, 1958 in Drogheda, County Louth) is a former Racing driver from Ireland. The British Formula Three Championship is a national motor racing championship that takes place primarily in the United Kingdom with a small number of events in mainland John Colum Crichton-Stuart 7th Marquess of Bute (born 26 April 1958 in Rothesay, Isle of Bute) styled Earl of Dumfries before 1993 Career Substitute Moreno stood in for Nigel Mansell at Lotus at the 1982 Dutch Grand Prix after Mansell broke his wrist in the previous The Macau Grand Prix is a motor-racing event held annually in November in the streets of Macau. John Nielsen (born 7 February 1956 in Varde, Denmark) won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1990 Nelson Piquet Souto Maior (born August 17, 1952) more commonly known as Nelson Piquet, is a Brazilian former racing driver who was Formula The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA) to the most successful Formula One Alain Marie Pascal Prost, OBE (born 24 February 1955 is a French racing driver Alain Marie Pascal Prost, OBE (born 24 February 1955 is a French racing driver The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA) to the most successful Formula One Biography Mansell was born in Upton-upon-Severn, a small Town in the English county of Worcestershire. Roland Ratzenberger ( July 4, 1960 &ndash April 30, 1994) was an Austrian Racing driver who died during qualifying for the By circuit Biography Mansell was born in Upton-upon-Severn, a small Town in the English county of Worcestershire. Autosport is the title of a weekly Magazine covering Motorsport, published in the United Jean Alesi (born Giovanni Alesi June 11, 1964) is a French racing driver of Italian origins Jean Alesi (born Giovanni Alesi June 11, 1964) is a French racing driver of Italian origins Autosport is the title of a weekly Magazine covering Motorsport, published in the United Biography Mansell was born in Upton-upon-Severn, a small Town in the English county of Worcestershire. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA) to the most successful Formula One Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Imola ( Iômla in the local dialect is a town Comune in the Province of Bologna, located on the Santerno river in the Emilia-Romagna

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic