Avro Canada
Fate	aircraft divested, remainder restructured
Successor	Hawker Siddeley Canada
Founded	1945
Defunct	1962
Location	Toronto, Canada
Industry	aerospace
Products	aircraft, turbojet engines
Key people	Crawford Gordon Jr James C. Floyd Jack Frost Janusz Zurakowski
Peak size	15,000 (1958)[1] employees
Parent	Avro
Subsidiary	Orenda Engines, Canada Car and Foundry

Avro Aircraft Limited (Canada) was a Canadian aircraft manufacturing company, that was in business from 1945-62. Hawker Siddeley Canada was the Canadian unit of the Hawker Siddeley Group of the United Kingdom and manufactured railcars streetcars and aircraft engines from the James Charles "Jim" Floyd (born 20 October, 1914) is a Canadian aerospace engineer, born in Manchester, England John Carver Meadows Frost known as "Jack" (born 1915 in Walton-on-Thames, England, died 9 October 1979 in Auckland New Zealand) was Janusz Żurakowski ( 12 September 1914 - 9 February 2004) was a renowned Polish fighter and test pilot who at various Avro was a British Aircraft manufacturer, with numerous landmark designs such as the Avro 504 trainer in the First World War, the Avro Orenda Aerospace is a Canadian Aircraft engine manufacturer and parts supplier and part of the Magellan Aerospace Corporation Canadian Car and Foundry (CC&F also variously known as "Canadian Car & Foundry" or more familiarly as "Can Car" manufactured Buses Railroad Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The company was known for their innovative designs, including the famed Avro Arrow fighter. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Origins

During the Second World War, Victory Aircraft in Malton was Canada's largest aircraft manufacturer. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Victory Aircraft Limited was a Canadian manufacturing company that during the Second World War, built mainly British-designed aircraft under license Malton is one of the Neighbourhoods in the northeast part of the city of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, located to the northwest of Toronto Prior to 1939, as National Steel Car Ltd. of Montreal, the concern had been one of a number of shadow factories set up in Canada to produce British aircraft designs in safety. National Steel Car had turned out Avro Anson trainers, Handley Page Hampden bombers, Hawker Hurricane fighters and Westland Lysander army cooperation aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Handley Page HP52 Hampden was a British twin-engine Medium bomber of the Royal Air Force serving in the Second World War WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout National Steel Car Corporation of Malton, Ontario was formed in 1938 and renamed Victory Aircraft Limited in 1942 when the Canadian government took over ownership and management of main plant of the National Steel Car Corporation at Malton. During the Second World War, Victory Aircraft built Avro (UK) aircraft: 3,197 Anson trainers, 430 Lancaster bombers, six Lancastrian, one Lincoln bomber and a single York transport. Avro was a British Aircraft manufacturer, with numerous landmark designs such as the Avro 504 trainer in the First World War, the Avro WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout "Lanc" redirects here Distinguish from Lank (adjective and from Amon Lanc (a place in Tolkien's fiction The Avro 691 Lancastrian was a British passenger and mail transport aircraft of the 1940s and 1950s developed from the Avro Lancaster bomber (an inhabitant The Avro Type 694 Lincoln was a British four-engined Heavy bomber of the Second World War, first flying on 9 June 1944 and entering service in August WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

A. V. Roe Canada

In 1945, the UK-based Hawker Siddeley Group purchased Victory Aircraft from the Canadian government, creating A. Hawker Siddeley was a group of British manufacturing companies renowned for their aircraft production. V. Roe Canada as the wholly owned Canadian branch of its aircraft manufacturing subsidiary, A.V. Roe and Company. Avro was a British Aircraft manufacturer, with numerous landmark designs such as the Avro 504 trainer in the First World War, the Avro Avro Canada, as it was commonly known, began operations in the former Victory plant. Avro Aircraft (Canada), their first (and, at the time, only) division, turned to the repair and servicing of a number of Second World War-era aircraft, including Sea Furies, B-25s and Lancasters. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout From the outset, the company invested in research and development and embarked on an ambitious design program with a jet engine and a jet-powered fighter and airliner on the drawing boards.

First projects

The first major project was the Orenda jet engine in 1949 which had been developed from the earlier Chinook design of the Turbo Research Ltd. The TR4 Chinook was Canada 's first Turbojet engine designed by Turbo Research and manufactured by A company that was included as part of the start-up Avro organization. Turbo Research was originally a small firm involved in research and cold-weather testing of jet engines for the RCAF, although the company had started work on a number of their own engine designs. When they were purchased by A. V. Roe, they were mid-way through their TR. 4 design, which was renamed the Chinook. The company would eventually be renamed in honour of their later TR. 5 design, becoming Orenda Engines. Orenda Aerospace is a Canadian Aircraft engine manufacturer and parts supplier and part of the Magellan Aerospace Corporation The Orenda engine from the Gas Turbine Division (later Orenda Engine Division), would be destined to power fighter aircraft for the RCAF from Avro and Canadair Aircraft Ltd. (Canadair Sabre and Canadair T-33). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Orenda engine on display at Carleton University

In 1946, A. This article is about the university in Ottawa Ontario Canada Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. V. Roe Canada's next design, the Avro XC-100, Canada's first jet fighter, started at the end of the era of propeller-driven aircraft and the beginning of the jet age. Although the design of the large, jet-powered all-weather interceptor, renamed the CF-100 Canuck, was largely complete by the next year, the factory was not tooled for production until late 1948 due to ongoing repair and maintenance contracts. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The CF-100 would have a long gestation period before finally entering RCAF service in 1952, initially with the Mk 2 and Mk 3 variants. The CF-100 Canuck operated under NORAD to protect airspace from Soviet threats such as nuclear-armed bombers. A small number of CF-100s served with the RCAF until 1981 in reconnaissance, training and electronic warfare (ECM) roles. In its lifetime, a total of 692 CF-100s of different variants, including 53 aircraft for the Belgian Air Force, were produced. The Air Component, formerly the Belgian Air Force, is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces.

A CF-100 Mk 3 painted as the CF-100 prototype, on display at the Calgary AeroSpace Museum.

Work was also underway on a civilian inter-continental transport known as the C102 Jetliner[1]. The Avro C102 Jetliner was a Canadian prototype medium-range jet Airliner built by Avro Canada in 1949 It nearly became the first jet transport in the world when it first flew in August 1949, a mere 13 days following the first flight of the De Havilland Comet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Jetliner represented a new type of regional jet airliner that would not see comparable designs until the late 1950s. Despite an aggressive marketing campaign directed at US airlines and the USAF, the sales prospects of the Jetliner floundered after the launch customer, Trans-Canada Airlines, reneged on a letter of intent in 1948. Air Canada () is Canada 's largest Airline and Flag carrier. The airline founded in 1937 has had its corporate headquarters in Montreal The company was still attempting to get the CF-100 into production at the time and, consequently, the Canadian government cancelled any further work on the C102 project due to the Korean War priorities. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the Reacting to a direct order from the government, the second C102 prototype was demolished in the plant in 1951, with the first prototype relegated to photographic duties in the Flight Test Department. After a lengthy career as a camera platform and company "hack," CF-EJD-X, the Jetliner prototype was broken up in 1956. The nose section now resides in the Canada Aviation Museum in Ottawa. The Canada Aviation Museum ( French: Musée de l'aviation du Canada) is the national aviation history Museum, located in

Model of an Avro Canada -102

Expansion and collapse

A. V. Roe Canada was restructured in the mid-1950s into two separate divisions: Avro Aircraft Ltd. and Orenda Engines, both facilities located across from each other in a complex at the perimeter of Malton Airport. The total labour force of both aviation companies reached 15,000 in 1958.

During the same period, A. V. Roe Canada also purchased a number of companies, including Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation and Canada Car and Foundry (1957) and Canadian Steel Improvement. The Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation (also DOSCO) was a Canadian Coal mining and Steel manufacturing company Canadian Car and Foundry (CC&F also variously known as "Canadian Car & Foundry" or more familiarly as "Can Car" manufactured Buses Railroad By 1958, A. V. Roe Canada was an industrial giant with over 50,000 employees in a far-flung empire of 44 companies involved in coal mining, steel making, railway rolling stock, aircraft and aero-engine manufacturing, as well as computers and electronics. The companies generated annual sales in the $450 million range, ranking A. V. Roe Canada as the third largest corporation in Canada.

CF-105 Mk 1 interceptor

Avro Arrow

The need for a newer and much more powerful interceptor aircraft was clear even before the CF-100 entered service, and a number of design studies on swept-wing versions started as early as 1952. A switch to a more advanced swept wing was studied as the CF-103, and this led eventually (through a series of other designs) to the larger delta-wing CF-105 Arrow interceptor. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The sudden cancellation of the Arrow project by the Canadian government on 20 February 1959 led to a massive corporate downsizing and an attempt to further diversify. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Many Avro Aircraft Ltd. engineers who remained were reassigned to marine, truck and automobile projects while Orenda Engines continued as an engine manufacturer, albeit on a smaller scale. Numerous engineering and technical staff left Avro Canada primarily to the United Kingdom and the United States in a so-called "brain drain. "

Experimental programs

The Avro VZ-9-AV Avrocar.

In 1952, the Avro Special Projects team had started research and development work on a series of "flying saucer"-like vehicles. Flying saucer is the name given to a type of Unidentified flying object (UFO with a disc- or Saucer -shaped body usually described as silver or metallic The only design that materialized was the VZ-9-AV Avrocar, funded entirely by the U. The VZ-9-AV Avrocar (official designation but often listed as VZ-9) was a Canadian VTOL aircraft developed by Avro Aircraft Ltd S. military from 1956. The Avrocar was proposed to the U. S. Army as a type of "Flying Jeep" that could also serve as a proof-of-concept test vehicle for a later supersonic flying saucer design, the Weapon System 606A for the USAF. Two Avrocars were built, one for wind-tunnel testing at NASA Ames and the other for flight testing. The designs were underpowered and only operated in a ground-cushion effect, much like a hovercraft. A hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicle (ACV is an Amphibious vehicle or craft, designed to travel over any sufficiently smooth surface supported by When the Avrocar prototypes failed to perform at heights above three feet off the ground, the U. S. Army and USAF cancelled the project, in 1961.

Both Avrocars were on public display, one in Building 22 of the Smithsonian Paul E. Garber facility, the other at the U.S. Army Transportation Museum, Ft. Eustis, Virginia. The U S Army Transportation Museum is a United States Army Museum of Vehicles and other U Fort Eustis is a United States Army military installation located in Newport News Virginia. The latter Avrocar was dismantled and put into storage c. 2002, due to increasing deterioration (it was displayed outside, and the museum is very close to the ocean). The curator of the US Army Transportation Museum stated in 2008 that it would take between US$500,000 and US$600,000 to entirely restore it. Furthermore, because it is at a federal (military) installation, the work must be done by contractors, rather than volunteers. A grant of US$80,000 was received to begin restoration, however this amount was only enough to restore one piece approximately five ft by five ft.

Demise

In 1962, the Hawker Siddeley Group, formally dissolved A. Hawker Siddeley was a group of British manufacturing companies renowned for their aircraft production. V. Roe Canada and transferred all A. V. Roe Canada assets to its newly-formed subsidiary Hawker Siddeley Canada. Hawker Siddeley Canada was the Canadian unit of the Hawker Siddeley Group of the United Kingdom and manufactured railcars streetcars and aircraft engines from the

Hawker Siddeley Canada, at that time, among its diverse holdings, included major manufacturing units:

• Canadian Car and Foundry
• de Havilland Canada
• Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation
• Orenda Engines Limited

The former Avro aircraft factory in Malton was sold to de Havilland Canada in the same year. Canadian Car and Foundry (CC&F also variously known as "Canadian Car & Foundry" or more familiarly as "Can Car" manufactured Buses Railroad The de Havilland Canada company was an aircraft manufacturer with facilities based in what is now the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation (also DOSCO) was a Canadian Coal mining and Steel manufacturing company Orenda Aerospace is a Canadian Aircraft engine manufacturer and parts supplier and part of the Magellan Aerospace Corporation The de Havilland Canada company was an aircraft manufacturer with facilities based in what is now the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada This facility, located on the north end of Toronto Pearson International Airport, was later operated by several other owners:

• Douglas Aircraft of Canada 1963-1981 - manufacturer of aircraft components (tail and wing sections for DC-9)
• McDonnell-Douglas Canada 1981-1997 manufacturer of aircraft parts for KC-10 and MD-11 wings, MD-80 wings, empennage and cabin floors, and F/A-18 side panels and pylons
• Boeing Toronto Limited 1997-2005 - manufacture of 717 wings, parts for the Delta rocket, the C-17 airlifter and 737 jetliners

The plant shut down before being demolished in 2005. Lester B Pearson International Airport is a major International airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated 27 kilometres (17 mi northwest The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American Aerospace manufacturer, based in Long Beach California. McDonnell Douglas was a major American Aerospace manufacturer and Defense contractor, producing a number of famous commercial and military aircraft The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Hawker Siddeley Canada has since dissolved after divesting itself of almost everything other than its pension fund by the late 1990s.

Orenda Aerospace, as part of the Magellan Aerospace Corporation, is the only remaining original company from the A. Orenda Aerospace is a Canadian Aircraft engine manufacturer and parts supplier and part of the Magellan Aerospace Corporation V. Roe empire, although greatly diminished in both the size and scope of operations.

Aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

• Arrow's story, Toronto Aerospace Museum
• The history and related information re the Arrow, the Avrocar, and the Avro Jetliner
• A site dedicated to the people and projects of Avro Canada and Orenda Engines Limited (AvroLand)