| Avro Anson | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Type | Multirole aircraft, primarily a trainer |
| Manufacturer | Avro |
| Maiden flight | 24 March 1935 |
| Introduced | 1936 |
| Retired | 28 June 1968 |
| Primary users | Royal Air Force Fleet Air Arm |
| Produced | 1930s-1952 |
| Number built | 11,020 |
The Avro Anson was a British twin-engine, multi-role aircraft that served with the Royal Air Force, Fleet Air Arm and numerous other air forces during the Second World War and afterwards. A trainer is an Aircraft used to develop piloting navigational or war-fighting skills in flight crew An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Avro was a British Aircraft manufacturer, with numerous landmark designs such as the Avro 504 trainer in the First World War, the Avro The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1935: Events January January 11 - 12 – Amelia Earhart This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1936: Events February British Marine Aircraft Ltd Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1968: Events January January 21 - a US Air Force B-52 Stratofortress The Fleet Air Arm is the branch of the Royal Navy responsible for the operation of the aircraft on board their ships The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Fleet Air Arm is the branch of the Royal Navy responsible for the operation of the aircraft on board their ships World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Named for British admiral George Anson, it was originally designed for maritime reconnaissance but was soon rendered obsolete. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers Admiral George Anson 1st Baron Anson PC RN ( 23 April 1697 &ndash 6 June 1762) was a British Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information However it was rescued from obscurity by its suitability as a multi-engine air crew trainer, becoming the mainstay of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. A trainer is an Aircraft used to develop piloting navigational or war-fighting skills in flight crew The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, also known as the Empire Air Training Scheme, Empire Air Training Plan, Commonwealth Air Training Plan By the end of its production life in 1952, the Anson spanned nine variants and a total of 8,138 had been built in Britain by Avro and, from 1941, a further 2,882 by the Canadian Federal Aircraft Ltd. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Avro was a British Aircraft manufacturer, with numerous landmark designs such as the Avro 504 trainer in the First World War, the Avro Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
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Design and development
The Anson was derived from the commercial six-seat Avro 652 and the militarised version, which first flew on 24 March 1935, was built to Air Ministry Specification 18/35. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a partial list of the British Air Ministry (AM specifications for Aircraft. It was the first RAF monoplane with a retractable undercarriage. For Félix du Temple 's invention see ''Monoplane'' (1874 Types of monoplane The main distinction in types of monoplane is The first production run resulted in 174 Anson Mk I aircraft for service with Coastal Command. RAF Coastal Command was an organization within the Royal Air Force which defended the United Kingdom from naval threats and countered German U-boats No. 48 Squadron RAF was the first to be equipped in March 1936. No 48 Squadron was a Royal Air Force Squadron that saw service in both World War I and World War II. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1936: Events February British Marine Aircraft Ltd
A distinctive feature of the Anson was its landing gear retraction mechanism which required no less than 140 turns of the hand crank by the pilot. To forgo this laborious process, Ansons often flew with the landing gear extended at the expense of 30 mph (50 km/h) of cruise speed [1].
A total of 11,020 Ansons were built by the end of production in 1952, making it the second-most-numerous (after the Vickers Wellington) British multi-engine aircraft of the war. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1952: Events January January 5 - Pan Am commences trans-atlantic WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [1]
Operational history
At the start of the Second World War, there were 26 RAF squadrons operating the Anson I; ten with Coastal Command and 16 with Bomber Command. RAF Bomber Command was the organisation that controlled the RAF 's bomber forces from 1936 to 1968 However, by this time, the Anson was obsolete in the roles of bombing and coastal patrol and in the process of being superseded by the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley and Lockheed Hudson. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Limited numbers of Ansons continued to serve in operational roles such as coastal patrols and air/sea rescue. Early in the war an Anson scored a probable hit on a German U-boat. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers In June 1940, a flight of three Ansons was attacked by nine Luftwaffe Messerschmitt Bf 109s. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1940: Events January January 6 - During the Winter War between ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Remarkably, the Ansons downed two German aircraft "and damaging a third before the 'dogfight' ended" [2], without losing any of their own. [1] The aircraft's true role, however, was to train pilots for flying multi-engine bombers such as the Avro Lancaster. A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them "Lanc" redirects here Distinguish from Lank (adjective and from Amon Lanc (a place in Tolkien's fiction The Anson was also used to train the other members of a bomber's air crew, such as navigators, wireless operators, bomb aimers and air gunners. Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942 Postwar, the Anson continued in the training role and light transport roles. The last Ansons were withdrawn from RAF service with communications units on 28 June 1968. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
The Royal Australian Air Force operated 1,028 Ansons, mainly Mk Is, until 1955. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. The Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Navy operated Ansons until 1952. For the history of Canada's naval forces after 1968 see Canadian Forces Maritime Command The Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN) was the The USAAF employed 50 Canadian-built Ansons, designated as the AT-20. The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II.
The Royal New Zealand Air Force operated 23 Ansons as navigation trainers in the Second World War, (alongside the more numerous Airspeed Oxford), and acquired more Ansons as communication aircraft immediately after the war. The Royal New Zealand Air Force ( RNZAF) is the air arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A preserved navigation trainer is in the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum at Wigram. The Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum is primarily a museum of the Royal New Zealand Air Force, its predecessor the New Zealand Permanent Air Force and New
The Egyptian Air Force operated Ansons in communications and VIP duties. The Egyptian Air Force, or EAF (القوات الجوية المصرية) is the aviation branch of the Egyptian armed forces. A specially outfitted Anson was gifted to the then King by the Royal Air Force. The Royal Afghan Air Force obtained 13 Anson 18 aircraft for various duties from 1948. The Afghan National Air Corps is a service branch of the Military of Afghanistan, which is responsible for Air defense and Air warfare. These aircraft survived through 1972.
Postwar use
After the war, Ansons continued in civilian use as light transports.
Variants
The main Anson variant was the Mk I, of which 6,704 were built in Britain. The other variants were mainly distinguished by their powerplant with Canadian-built Ansons using local engines. To overcome steel shortages, the 1,051 Canadian-built Mk V Ansons featured a plywood fuselage. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Plywood is a type of Engineered board made from thin sheets of Wood, called plies or veneers The fuselage (from the French fuselé "spindle-shaped" is an Aircraft 's main body section that holds crew and passengers or Cargo
Avro Anson WD413 of the Air Atlantique Classic Flight takes off
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Avro Anson WD413 of the Air Atlantique Classic Flight
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- Mk I
- 6,688 Mk Is were built. The Air Atlantique Classic Flight has re-branded itself as ClassicFlight The Air Atlantique Classic Flight has re-branded itself as ClassicFlight Powered by two 350-hp Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah IX or two 395-hp XIX engines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
- Mk II
- 1,822 Mk IIs were built in Canada; powered by two 330 hp Jacobs L-6MB engines. The Jacobs Aircraft Engine Company was formed in 1929 in Philadelphia.
- Mk III
- Powered by two 330 hp Jacobs L-6MB engines; British-built. The Jacobs Aircraft Engine Company was formed in 1929 in Philadelphia.
- Mk IV
- Powered by two Wright Whirlwind engines; British-built. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
- Mk V
- 1,069 Mk Vs were built in Canada; powered by two 450 hp Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior engines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
- Mk VI
- One aircraft was built in Canada; powered by two 450 hp Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior engines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
- Mk X
- 104 Anson Mk Is were converted into Mk Xs
- Mk 11
- 90 Anson Mk Is were converted into Mk 11s
- Mk 12
- 20 Anson Mk Is were converted into Mk 12s, plus 221 new Mk 12 aircraft were built.
- Mk XIII
- Gunnery trainer powered by two Cheetah XI or XIX engines; never built.
- Mk XIV
- Gunnery trainer powered by two Cheetah XV engines; never built.
- Mk XVI
- Navigation trainer; never built.
- Mk XV
- Bombing trainer; never built.
- C 19
- 264 were built for the RAF; used as communications and transport aircraft.
- T 20
- 60 aircraft were built for the RAF; used for bombing and navigation training in Southern Rhodesia. Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British Colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa, and known today as Zimbabwe
- T 21
- Navigation trainers for the RAF; 252 aircraft were built.
- T 22
- Radio trainers for the RAF; 54 aircraft were built.
- Anson 18
- Developed from the Avro Nineteen; 12 aircraft were sold to the Royal Afghan Air Force for use as communications, police patrol and aerial survey aircraft. The Afghan National Air Corps is a service branch of the Military of Afghanistan, which is responsible for Air defense and Air warfare.
- Anson 18C
- 13 aircraft were built for the Indian government; used for training civil aircrews.
- Avro Nineteen
- (Also known as the Anson XIX): Civil transport version; 56 aircraft were built in two series.
Operators
Afghanistan- 13 Anson 18 aircraft were delivered to the Afghan Air Force from 1948 and retired by 1972
Argentina- At least one, LV-FBR, in use in 1960. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, The Afghan National Air Corps is a service branch of the Military of Afghanistan, which is responsible for Air defense and Air warfare. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.
Australia- 1,028 Ansons were operated by the Royal Australian Air Force, retiring in 1955
.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png)
Belgium
Botswana
Canada- Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Navy Ansons were retired in 1952
Cuba- three Canadian-built Ansons were transported to Cuba, operated by ANSA-Aerolineas del Norte S. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana is a Landlocked nation in Southern Africa. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For the history of Canada's naval forces after 1968 see Canadian Forces Maritime Command The Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN) was the The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la A. , a regional airline from 1947 through the mid-1950s
Egypt- Egyptian Air Force
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland- Finnish Air Force
France
Greece- Hellenic Royal Air Force
.svg/22px-State_Flag_of_Iran_(1925).svg.png)
Iran
Iraq
Ireland- Irish Air Corps
Israel
Netherlands
New Zealand- Royal New Zealand Air Force
Norway
Portugal
Saudi Arabia
South Africa- South African Air Force
Turkey
United Kingdom- Royal Air Force, Royal Navy
United States- 50 Canadian built Ansons were delivered to the United States Air Force as the AT-20. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Egyptian Air Force, or EAF (القوات الجوية المصرية) is the aviation branch of the Egyptian armed forces. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Finnish Air Force (FAF ( Finnish: Ilmavoimat, Swedish: Flygvapnet) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Hellenic Air Force ( HAF) (in Πολεμική Αεροπορία ( ΠΑ) Polemikí Aeroporía, literally "Military Aviation" For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The Irish Air Corps (Aer Chór na hÉireann provides the air defence function of Oglaigh na hÉireann ( the Irish Defence Forces) in support of the Army and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Royal New Zealand Air Force ( RNZAF) is the air arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The South African Air Force (SAAF is the Air force of South Africa, with headquarters in Pretoria. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Specifications (Mk I)
Data from , David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II [3]
General characteristics
- Crew: 3-4
- Length: 42 ft 3 in (12. 88 m)
- Wingspan: 56 ft 6 in (17. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 22 m)
- Height: 13 ft 1 in (3. 99 m)
- Wing area: 463 ft² (43. 1 m²)
- Empty weight: 5,512 lb (2,500 kg)
- Loaded weight: 7,955 lb (3,608 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 8,500 lb (3,900 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah IX radial engines, 350 hp (260 kW) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 188 mph (163 knots, 303 km/h) at 7,000 ft (2,100 m)
- Range: 790 mi (690 nm, 1,300 km)
- Service ceiling 19,000 ft (5,791 m)
- Rate of climb: 750 ft/min (3. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion Engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. 8 m/s)
- Wing loading: 17. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing 2 lb/ft² (83. 9 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0. Power-to-weight ratio (specific power is a calculation commonly applied to Engines and other mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another 088 hp/lb (140 W/kg)
Armament
- Guns:
- 1× .303 in (7. 70 mm) machine gun in front fuselage
- 1× . The Browning M1919 is a.30 caliber Medium machine gun family widely used during the 20th century 303 in Vickers K machine gun in dorsal turret
- Bombs: 360 lb (160 kg)
See also
Related development
Comparable aircraft
References
Notes
- ^ a b c Gunston, Bill. The Vickers K gun known as the Vickers Gas Operated (VGO in British service was a rapid-firing Machine gun developed and manufactured for use in WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Classic World War II Aircraft Cutaways. London: Osprey, 1995. ISBN 1-85532-526-8.
- ^ Murphy, Kevin. Avro 652 Anson. [1] Access date: 13 February, 2007.
- ^ Mondey 1994, p. 26.
Bibliography
- Donald, David and Lake Jon, eds. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. London: AIRtime Publishing, 1996. ISBN 1-880588-24-2.
- Gunston, Bill. Classic World War II Aircraft Cutaways. London: Osprey, 1995. ISBN 1-85532-526-8.
- Jackson, A. J. Avro Aircraft since 1908, 2nd edition. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-834-8.
- Hall, Alan W. Avro Anson Mks. 1-22 (Warpaint Series No. 53). Blechley, Buckinghamshire, UK: Warpaint Books Ltd. , 2006. ISBN 0-0530-9999-X.
- Hall, Alan W. and Taylor, Eric. Avro Anson Marks I, III, IV & X. London: Almark Publishing Co. Ltd. , 1972. ISBN 0-85524-064-4.
- Holmes, Harry. Avro Anson (Images of Aviation). London: Tempus Publishing Ltd. , 2000. ISBN 0-752417-38-X.
- Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II. London: Chancellor Press. 1994. ISBN 1-85152-668-4.
- Sturtivant, Ray C. The Anson File. London: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. , 1988. ISBN 0-85130-156-8.
External links
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