Avraham Stern - Citizendia

"Abraham Stern" redirects here. For the American film producer, see Abe Stern. Abe Stern ( 1 December, 1891 &ndash 8 October, 1957) was an American Film producer.

Avraham Stern

Avraham Stern (Hebrew: אברהם שטרן Avraham Shtern), alias Yair (Hebrew: יאיר) (b. December 23, 1907; d. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year February 12, 1942) was the founder and leader of the Zionist organization later known as Lehi (also called the "Stern Gang" by the British colonial authorities). Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Lehi ('lɛxi Hebrew acronym for Lohamei Herut Israel, "Fighters for the Freedom of Israel" לח"י - לוחמי חירות

Stern was born in Suwałki, Russian Empire, immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine in 1925, and studied in the Hebrew Gymnasium in Jerusalem, and afterwards in the Hebrew University on Mount Scopus. Suwałki ( Lithuanian: Suvalkai, Yiddish: Suwałk; German: Suwalken and Sudauen between 1939-1944 is a town The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים الجامعة العبرية في القدس abbreviated HUJI) is He specialized in Classical languages and literature (Greek and Latin). He went to Florence on a scholarship in the late twenties. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany

He founded Lehi in 1940 (though it did not adopt that name until after his death), by splitting from the Irgun, when the latter joined forces with Haganah to support the British in their fight against the Nazis. Lehi ('lɛxi Hebrew acronym for Lohamei Herut Israel, "Fighters for the Freedom of Israel" לח"י - לוחמי חירות Irgun (ארגון shorthand for HaIrgun HaTzva'i HaLe'umi BeEretz Yisra'el, he הארגון הצבאי הלאומי בארץ ישראל "National Military Organization Haganah ( Hebrew: "The Defense" ההגנה was a Jewish Paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German

Stern rejected collaboration with the British, and claimed that only a continuing struggle against them would lead eventually to an independent Jewish State and resolve the Jewish situation in the Diaspora. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic British restrictions after 1939 on Jewish immigration (Aliyah} to Palestine, strengthened his convictions in this regard. Aliyah ( refers to Jewish Immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948 the State of Israel) The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement

Stern was unpopular with many of the other Jewish Underground leaders. He struck an odd figure in the environment of the Underground, which was largely based on the kibbutz movement, by appearing as a fastidious and formal intellectual, who always insisted on wearing a necktie and jacket, even in the blazing Middle East summer. A kibbutz ( Hebrew: קיבוץ קִבּוּץ lit "gathering clustering" plural kibbutzim) is a collective community in The necktie (or tie) is a long piece of cloth worn around the neck resting under the shirt collar and knotted at the throat A jacket is a type of sleeved hip - or Waist -length garment for the upper body The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days His movement drew an eclectic crew of individuals, from both ends of the political spectrum, including prominent right-wing activists such as Yitzhak Shamir (later becoming Israeli prime minister). (יִצְחָק שָׁמִיר born Icchak Jaziernicki on 15 October 1915 was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992 The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and is the most powerful political officer in Israel (the President of Israel being a titular figurehead

Israeli stamp commemorating Stern, issued in 1978

In January 1941, Stern attempted to make an agreement with the German Nazi authorities, through contact with their representatives in Vichy-controlled Beirut, offering to 'actively take part in the war on Germany's side' in return for helping Jewish refugees to come to Palestine, as part of a future Jewish State. Vichy ( Occitan: Vichèi) is a commune in the department of Allier in Auvergne in central France. Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Another attempt to contact the Germans was made in late 1941, but there is no record of a German response in either case.

Stern was killed in February 12, 1942 by British police. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During his arrest in a Tel Aviv apartment where he had been hiding, Stern was shot from behind, having already been handcuffed. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel He was executed without trial for his role as leader of the Lehi. ^[1]

Stern was also a poet. As early as 1934 he prepared his first book of poetry for publishing. He wrote, inter alia, Lehi's anthem, "Anonymous Soldiers. " His poetic legacy, consisting of 53 short poems, is characterised by Moshe Hazani as expressing the eroticism of death together with de-eroticism of women. ^[2]

Avraham Stern's memorial day is attended every year by Israeli political and government officials. In 1978, a postage stamp was issued in his honor. A postage stamp is an adhesive paper evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services His son, Yair, born a few months after Stern's murder, is a veteran broadcast journalist and TV news anchor who currently heads Israel Television.

In 1981 the town Kochav Yair (Yair's star) was founded and named after Stern's nickname. Kokhav Ya'ir (כוכב יאיר (also Kochav Yair) is a town ( local council) in the Center District of Israel.

References

^ Amichal Yevin, Ada (1986). In purple: the life of Yair-Abraham Stern. Tel Aviv: Hadar Publishing House, page 290.
^ Moshe Hazani: Red carpet, white lilies: Love of death in the poetry of the Jewish underground leader Avraham Stern, Psychoanalytic Review, vol. 89, 2002, pp 1-48.

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Further reading