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Avoca
Victoria

Location of Avoca in Victoria (red)
Population: 956 (2001 census)
Postcode: 3467
Elevation: 242 m (794 ft)
Location:
LGA: Pyrenees Shire
State District: Ripon
Federal Division: Wannon
Mean Max Temp Mean Min Temp Rainfall
20. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Postcodes are used in Australia for the purposes of sorting and directing Mail. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities Maryborough is a city in Victoria, Australia, located on the Pyrenees Highway, north of Ballarat, north-west of Melbourne, There are 79 Local Government Areas in the Australian state of Victoria. Pyrenees Shire is a Local Government Area in Victoria Australia. State Electoral District is a term used to refer to an electorate within the Lower House or Legislative Ripon is a single member Electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. The Australian House of Representatives is elected from 150 single-member districts called Divisions. The Division of Wannon is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. 3 °C
69 °F		 7. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 4 °C
45 °F		 525. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 8 mm
20. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 7 in

Avoca is a town in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia, 71 kilometres northwest of Ballarat. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities It is one of two main towns in the Pyrenees Shire, the other being Beaufort to the south. Pyrenees Shire is a Local Government Area in Victoria Australia. At the 2001 census, Avoca had a population of 956. The Australian census is administered by the Australian Bureau of Statistics every five years [1]

Contents

Geography

The town stands in the gently undulating basin of the Avoca River, which rises in the Pyrenees Ranges to the west. The Avoca River drains a substantial part of Victoria, the southernmost state of mainland Australia. The Pyrenees are located in Victoria, Australia near the town of Avoca. To the south, the region is bounded by low hills of the Great Dividing Range; eastwards, the basin ends in a dry forested rise; to the north the Avoca River runs slowly through the plains of the Wimmera before petering out in swamps near the Murray. The Great Dividing Range, also known as the Eastern Highlands, is Australia 's most substantial Mountain range. The Wimmera is a region in the west of the Australian state of Victoria. The Murray River, or River Murray and sometimes informally referred to as the "Mighty Murray" is Australia 's largest River.

The Sunraysia Highway, passing through Avoca.
The Sunraysia Highway, passing through Avoca. The Sunraysia Highway, is a important north-south route in western Victoria.

The region takes in an area of about 200 square kilometres, and includes the villages of Redbank, Natte Yallock, Rathscar, Bung Bong, Lamplough, Amphitheatre, Percydale, Moonambel, and Warrenmang. Bung Bong is a town in Victoria near the rural towns of Avoca and Maryborough. Lamplough is a locality near Avoca Victoria in Australia. It was the site of Amphitheatre is a small town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Pyrenees Highway in the Pyrenees Shire, south-west of Avoca A few miles to the northeast, bare paddocks mark the site of Homebush, once a flourishing mining village. Homebush was a goldmining town from Avoca in central Victoria, Australia.

The town is on the Sunraysia Highway. The Sunraysia Highway, is a important north-south route in western Victoria.

History

Early settlement and the gold rush

The explorer and surveyor Thomas Mitchell was the first European recorded to have travelled through the Avoca district. Major Sir Thomas Livingstons Mitchell ( June 16, 1792 -1855 surveyor and explorer of south-eastern Australia, was born at Grangemouth He found the area more temperate in climate and better watered than inland New South Wales, and he encouraged settlers to take up land in what he described as "Australia Felix". Australia Felix is also a novel by Henry Handel Richardson. See The Fortunes of Richard Mahony. By 1850 there were several large sheep runs, and pastoral settlement was well established. See also 1849 in Australia, other events of 1850, 1851 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history.

Like Ballarat and many other Victorian towns, Avoca sprang into being suddenly in the 1850s with the discovery of gold. Gold was first found in Victoria in 1849 in the Pyrenees Ranges near Avoca. But it was not for another two years that the first discovery of any importance took place. In 1851 a shepherd called James Esmond found gold at Clunes, forty kilometres from present-day Avoca, setting off a gold rush to the region. James William Esmond ( 11 April 1822 &ndash 3 December 1890) was an Irish-Australian gold prospector and miner and was one of the The Victorian Gold rush was a period in the history of Victoria, Australia approximately between 1851 and the late 1860s In 1853 gold was found at Four Mile Flat, near Avoca, and the main lead at Avoca itself was opened up a few months later. By the beginning of December 1853, the population had increased from 100 to 2,200, and by June the following year, Avoca, with a population of 16,000, was regarded as one of Victoria's more important gold rush districts.

With a Court, a police station, Post Office (opened September 1, 1854), [2] gold wardens, churches, and schools, Avoca had established itself as an administrative centre. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year This was a crucial development in its survival as a town, for when the gold miners left their Avoca claims to travel to the new Dunolly rush in 1856, Avoca continued to serve as the focus of the region's commercial and administrative life. Dunolly is a town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Dunolly - Maryborough Road in the Shire of Central Goldfields. With the Lamplough rush in 1859, miners returned to the Avoca district, and in that year rich deposits were also opened up at Homebush, established on the site of the 1853 Four Mile Flat rush. This discovery brought renewed activity to the district. The value of gold mining to the economy of the area may be seen in a single statistic: from 1859 to 1870 gold worth £2,500,000 was sent from Avoca to Melbourne. (Even this huge sum may represent as little as one third of the gold won, for private sales were not included. )

From mining to agriculture and pastoralism

Avoca's economic basis was shifting rapidly from gold mining to agriculture. Many of the miners who had rushed the area in the 1850s and early 1860s settled and took up land. The big pastoral runs that had existed before the rushes were broken up for closer settlement. Mining continued to be an important source of employment, but for the last decades of the nineteenth century most miners no longer worked individually or in small teams but for larger companies working deep leads. Homebush, about ten kilometres from Avoca, was based almost entirely on company mines and flourished for several decades before these mines became uneconomical. Rural Victoria was hit particularly by the depression and drought of the 1890s. From 1895 the larger mines in the Avoca district closed and at the outbreak of the World War I very few companies were still in operation.

Across Australia rural productivity was rising, partly through the development of agricultural machinery by implement makers such as Mackay and Shearer. Some rural areas in 1901 recorded five times the harvest yields of the 1890s, at a small fraction of the cost.

In the first decade of the twentieth century Avoca's infrastructure was further developed. More and better roads were being built, the Shire Engineer attributed the problem of bad roads to heavier traffic from increased cultivation of land and more produce brought to market. In 1911 a new reservoir was opened, and in the same year the district was linked to the rest of the State by telephone.

In the late twentieth century viticulture was re-established and wine and tourism are now of significant economic importance to the region. Avoca is regarded as the gateway to the Pyrenees wine region.

Local landmarks

Avoca Soldiers' Memorial

Avoca, Victoria: picture of soldiers' memorial on jug.
Avoca, Victoria: picture of soldiers' memorial on jug.

The Avoca Soldiers' Memorial is prominent in the park in the centre of the High Street. The war memorial often features on souvenirs of Avoca and could be said to be the symbol of the town. A war memorial is a building monument statue or other edifice to celebrate a War or victory or (predominating in modern times to commemorate those who died or were injured

The memorial was built in 1921. Since early in the First World War there had been a desire in the community to honour the men from the district who had enlisted. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Finally in 1920 it was decided to hold a "Back to Avoca" celebration the next year and for the memorial to be opened at this time.

The memorial cost £1,100. Most monuments in Victoria and New South Wales cost between £100 and £1000, one in five between £1000 and £2000, and a few more than that. (It has been estimated that £100 in the 1920s was roughly equivalent to $8000 (Australian) in 1998. ) Avoca, too small to be allocated a gun for a war trophy, built a monument on a scale suitable for the largest twenty per cent of communities. Having not built a band rotunda to date, it appears that the community may have used the opportunity of erecting the memorial to overcome this deficiency in the town's furnishings.

The Avoca memorial, which was initially conceived as a band rotunda, is an irregular octagon with eight piers carrying a roof obscured by a parapet. A frieze above the columns contains the names of the main areas where volunteers from Avoca fought: Gallipoli, France, Palestine and Belgium. Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu Yarımadası is located in Turkish Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles Low walls on four sides each have a soldier's helmet and pack sculptured in high relief. The entrances on the other sides are guarded by freestanding granite tablets, inscribed with the names of soldiers from the district who fought in the First World War. The tablet on the northern side of the memorial records the names of those who died. The memorial is based on a classical model but with few references to classical detailing.

References

  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (9 March 2006). The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Avoca (L) (Urban Centre/Locality). 2001 Census QuickStats. Retrieved on 2007-03-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland
  2. ^ Premier Postal History. Post Office List. Retrieved on 2008-04-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.

External links

Coordinates: 37°05′17″S 143°28′26″E / -37.088, 143.474

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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