Avant-garde jazz - Citizendia

Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz) is a style of music and improvisation that combines avant-garde art music and composition with jazz. Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Art music (or serious music or erudite music) as defined by Jacques Siron is an umbrella term generally used to refer to musical traditions implying advanced structural Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Avant-jazz often sounds very similar to free jazz, but differs in that, despite its distinct departure from traditional harmony, it has a predetermined structure over which improvisation may take place. For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of This structure may be composed note for note in advance, partially or even completely.

1 History
2 1950s
3 1960s
4 1970s
5 1980s
6 1990s
7 Notable avant-jazz musicians
8 See also

History

1950s

The origins of avant-garde jazz are in the innovations of the immediate acolytes of Charlie Parker. Based in New York City, now-canonical musicians such as Charles Mingus, Miles Davis, and John Coltrane introduced modal improvisation and experimented with atonality and dissonance. The City of New York Charles Mingus ( 22 April 1922 &ndash 5 January 1979) was an American Jazz Bassist, Composer, Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Modal jazz is Jazz using Musical modes rather than chord progressions as its harmonic framework Atonality in its broadest sense describes Music that lacks a tonal center, or key. Sun Ra, Cecil Taylor, and Ornette Coleman became a new vanguard of controversial jazz innovators, outside the range of what many fans considered listenable. Sun Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, Legal name Le Sony'r Ra; Cecil Percival Taylor (born March 15 or March 25, 1929 in New York City) is an American Pianist and poet Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist Violinist Trumpeter and Composer.

1960s

John Coltrane's increasingly experimental work, and the Impulse! label became the flagbearers of the avant-garde jazz scene. Impulse! Records was an American based Jazz Record label, originally launched in 1960 by Creed Taylor as a subsidiary of ABC-Paramount Musicians associated with this high-volume variety of avant-garde jazz (sometimes referred to as "fire music)" included Archie Shepp, Albert Ayler, McCoy Tyner, Don Cherry, and Pharaoh Sanders. Fire Music is a studio album by Archie Shepp released on Impulse! Records in 1965 Archie Shepp (born May 24, 1937) is a prominent American Jazz Saxophonist. Albert Ayler ( July 13, 1936 – November 1970 was an American avant-garde Jazz saxophonist, singer and Composer. Alfred McCoy Tyner (born 11 December 1938) is a jazz pianist from Philadelphia Pennsylvania, known for his work with the John Coltrane Don Cherry may refer to Don Cherry (ice hockey (born 1934 hockey player coach and commentator Don Cherry (jazz (1936-1995 trumpeter Pharoah Sanders (born October 13, 1940 as well as Coltrane's wife Alice. Alice Coltrane (neé McLeod) ( August 27 1937 &ndash January 12 2007) was an American Jazz Pianist Some of these musicians also began to take on an oppositional relationship to the mainstream music industry, preferring to release records themselves through independent labels such as ESP-Disk. ESP-Disk is a New York -based Record label, founded in 1966 by the lawyer Bernard Stollman, originally financed from an inheritance This wing of avant-garde jazz was taken as emblematic of the Black Power movement, and also sometimes had mystical intentions. Black Power is a racially based Political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity

Musicians who incorporated the innovations of free and avant-garde jazz, but remained within a more conventional framework, recorded for Blue Note Records. For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Miles Davis's second quintet (Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, and Tony Williams), as well as others such as Eric Dolphy and Andrew Hill, are the best-remembered representatives of this style. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Wayne Shorter (born August 25 1933) is an American Jazz Composer and Saxophonist, commonly regarded as one of the Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer. Ron Carter (born May 4, 1937, Ferndale, Michigan) is an American Jazz Double-bassist. Anthony Tillmon "Tony" Williams ( December 12, 1945 &ndash February 23, 1997) was an American jazz drummer. Eric Allan Dolphy ( June 20, 1928 &ndash June 29, 1964) was an American Jazz alto saxophonist, flautist, and Andrew Hill ( June 30, 1931 &ndash April 20, 2007) was an American Jazz Pianist and Composer

Meanwhile, in Chicago, the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians began pursuing their own variety of avant-garde jazz, sometimes described as "postmodern" jazz. The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians ( AACM) is a Non-profit organization, founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States by Postmodern music is music which follows the postmodern ideology The AACM musicians (Muhal Richard Abrams, Anthony Braxton, Roscoe Mitchell, and the Art Ensemble of Chicago) tended towards eclecticism, and incorporated developments in 20th century classical music (particularly Karlheinz Stockhausen and John Cage) as well as funk and ska, in addition to Dixieland and other elements of jazz history. Muhal Richard Abrams (born September 19, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American educator administrator Composer Anthony Braxton (born June 4, 1945) is an American Composer, saxophonist, Clarinettist flautist, pianist Roscoe Mitchell (b August 3, 1940 in Chicago Illinois) is an African American Composer, Jazz instrumentalist The Art Ensemble of Chicago is an Avant-garde Jazz ensemble that grew out of Chicago 's AACM in the late 1960s At the turn of the 20th century classical music was characteristically late Romantic in style while at the same time the Impressionist movement spearheaded by Claude Debussy WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Ska ( pronounced /ska/ or in Jamaican Patois /skja/ is a Music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and which was the precursor Dixieland or Dixie is a name for the southeastern portion of the USA; see Southern United States, Dixie. Rahsaan Roland Kirk also made use of pastiche. Rahsaan Roland Kirk ( August 7, 1936 - December 5, 1977) was an American Jazz Multi-instrumentalist, playing

1970s

The 1970s saw the development of jazz fusion. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly It is questionable whether this can be considered a form of avant-garde jazz, though Miles Davis's recordings of this period, in particular, appear quite innovative and take inspiration from serialism and aleatoric music, just as the AACM did. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. In Music, serialism is a technique for composition that uses sets to describe musical elements, and allows the manipulation of those Aleatoric music (also aleatory music or chance music; from the Latin word alea, meaning " Dice " is Music The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians ( AACM) is a Non-profit organization, founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States by In any case, hardcore jazz fans tended to regard early jazz fusion as a commercial sell-out move. However, by the mid-'70s, many free jazz icons, such as Albert Ayler, Archie Shepp, and Ornette Coleman were experimenting with rock and funk. Albert Ayler ( July 13, 1936 – November 1970 was an American avant-garde Jazz saxophonist, singer and Composer. Archie Shepp (born May 24, 1937) is a prominent American Jazz Saxophonist. Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist Violinist Trumpeter and Composer. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Coleman would eventually develop the free funk style, which would be further explored by the M-Base musicians in the 1980s. Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist Violinist Trumpeter and Composer. Free funk is a combination of Avant-garde jazz with Funk music. M-Base (short for " m acro' -b' asic a rray of s tructured e xtemporization" is a concept of how to create modern Music

Jazz also became considerably more international in the 1970s, as saxophonists Gato Barbieri (Argentine), Kaoru Abe (Japanese), Peter Brötzmann (German), and pianist Sergey Kuryokhin (Russian), attest. Leandro Barbieri (born on November 28 1934 in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina) better known as Gato Barbieri Kaoru Abe (阿部薫 ( May 3, 1949 - September 9, 1978) was a Japanese Free jazz alto saxophonist who generally played solo Peter Brötzmann (born 6 March 1941) is a German Free jazz Saxophonist and Clarinetist. Sergey Kuryokhin (Сергей Анатольевич Курёхин other spellings include Sergei Kuriokhin, Sergei Kurekhin, Sergueï Kouriokhine Sergey European free jazz, in particular, began to develop. European free jazz is a part of the global Free jazz scene with its own development and characteristics Evan Parker and Derek Bailey were pioneers of the new non-idiomatic style. Evan Shaw Parker (born 5 April 1944 in Bristol is a British free-improvising Saxophone player from the European free jazz Derek Bailey ( January 29, 1930 – December 25, 2005) was an English avant-garde Guitarist and leading figure in the Some veteran avant-garde jazz musicians (Charlie Haden), and much of the new blood, including a number who had played with Miles Davis in the 1970s (Dave Holland, Keith Jarrett, Chick Corea) and several Europeans (Jan Garbarek, among them), began to record for the ECM label. Charles Edward Haden (born August 6, 1937) is a Jazz Double bassist probably best known for his long association with saxophonist Ornette Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Dave Holland (born October 1, 1946) is a British Jazz Bassist and Composer who is a significant representative Keith Jarrett (born May 8, 1945 in Allentown Pennsylvania) is an American Pianist and Composer. Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (born June 12, 1941) is a multiple Grammy Award winning American Jazz Pianist Jan Garbarek (born 4 March 1947 in Mysen, Norway) a Norwegian tenor and soprano saxophonist, active in the Jazz ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music is a Record label founded in Munich, Germany in 1969 by Manfred Eicher. The ECM sound, invariably recorded by Manfred Eicher, tended towards an elegant, refined, polished style that owed a great deal to the history of classical music. Manfred Eicher (born 1943 in Germany) is a German Record producer, and the founder of the ECM Record label and its subsidiaries Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music ECM also released recordings of minimalist and medieval music, and work by the Art Ensemble of Chicago (who were considerably messier than the ECM stereotype would indicate). Minimalist music is an originally American genre of experimental or Downtown music named in the 1960s based mostly in consonant harmony, steady The term medieval music encompasses European music written during the Middle Ages. The Art Ensemble of Chicago is an Avant-garde Jazz ensemble that grew out of Chicago 's AACM in the late 1960s A number of the AACM and ECM musicians would collaborate with one another, for example in the group Circle. Circle was an early 1970s Avant garde Jazz ensemble Its core members were Chick Corea, piano Dave Holland, bass

Many of the AACM musicians moved to New York City, where they provided the nucleus of the loft jazz scene. The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians ( AACM) is a Non-profit organization, founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States by The Loft jazz scene was a cultural phenomenon that occurred in New York City during the mid-1970's at venues such as Environ(Loft[http //www The World Saxophone Quartet also emerged from this milieu. The World Saxophone Quartet is an Avant-garde jazz group founded in 1977 implementing elements of Free funk and African jazz into their musical routines

1980s

The 1980s saw the pre-eminence of Wynton Marsalis and his classicist approach, and a resulting diminution of the visibility of the avant-garde. Wynton Learson Marsalis (b October 18, 1961) is an American Trumpeter and Composer. However, as avant-garde jazz was a prime influence on no wave, New York City became the center of a new crop of aggressive improvisors: John Zorn, Borbetomagus, the Lounge Lizards, James Chance, James Blood Ulmer, Sonny Sharrock, Diamanda Galás, Bill Laswell (who also worked on Herbie Hancock's funk and electro recordings) and Bill Frisell (who had also recorded with the ECM musicians) among them. No Wave was a short-lived but influential Art music, Film, Performance art, Video and Contemporary art scene that had its beginnings John Zorn (born September 2 1953 in Queens, New York City) is an American Avant-garde Composer, arranger, Record Borbetomagus are a Free improvisation / Noise music group Biography Borbetomagus formed in 1979 when Saxophone players Jim The Lounge Lizards are a Jazz group formed in 1978 by Saxophone player John Lurie; they should not be confused with country Satire James Chance, also known as James White (born April 20, 1953 as James Siegfried in Milwaukee Wisconsin) is an American James "Blood" Ulmer (born 2 February 1942 in St Matthews South Carolina) is an American Jazz and blues Warren Harding "Sonny" Sharrock ( August 27 1940 &ndash May 25 1994) was an American Jazz Guitarist Diamanda Galás (born August 29, 1955) is an American-born Avant-garde Performance artist, Vocalist, keyboardist and Composer Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul William Richard "Bill" Frisell (born March 18, 1951) is an American Guitarist and Composer. This development is referred to as punk jazz. Punk jazz describes the amalgamation of elements of the jazz tradition (usually the Free jazz and Jazz fusion of the 1960s and '70s with the instrumentation

John Zorn, in particular, became an iconic figure in the "downtown" music scene, performing in free jazz, free improvisation, and a variety of rock and extreme music styles. John Zorn (born September 2 1953 in Queens, New York City) is an American Avant-garde Composer, arranger, Record For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Free improvisation or free music is improvised music without any rules beyond the taste or inclination of the musician(s involved in many cases the musicians make Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Extreme music is a term used to describe a variety of musical styles including subgenres of Extreme metal, Hardcore punk, Hardcore techno, industrial Many of these musicians actually resided in Brooklyn; Tim Berne is a prominent representative. Tim Berne (born 1954 is an American Jazz Saxophone player and Composer.

1990s

The 1990s saw a return in visibility to the Chicago jazz scene, including players with links to the AACM; for example, Ken Vandermark, Jeff Parker, and Kevin Drumm. The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians ( AACM) is a Non-profit organization, founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States by Ken Vandermark (born September 22, 1964 in Warwick Rhode Island is an American Jazz composer and Saxophone and Clarinet Jeff Parker can refer to more than one person Jeff Parker (ice hockey, a professional Ice hockey player Kevin Drumm is an Experimental musician based in Chicago, United States. These musicians sometimes had connections to the post-rock or noise rock scenes. Post-rock is a genre of Alternative rock characterized by the use of Musical instruments commonly associated with Rock music, but using Rhythms Noise rock (also known as noise punk) describes one variety of Post-punk Rock music that became prominent in the 1980s

Likewise, there was an increase in vitality in the remnants of the loft jazz scene in New York, centered around David S. Ware. The Loft jazz scene was a cultural phenomenon that occurred in New York City during the mid-1970's at venues such as Environ(Loft[http //www David Spencer Ware (b Plainfield, New Jersey, November 7, 1949) is an American Jazz saxophonist. Matthew Shipp, Susie Ibarra, and William Parker practised a more traditional variety of avant-garde jazz than the punk jazz-inflected downtown musicians, though some collaboration did occur between the two camps. Matthew Shipp (born December 7, 1960) is an American Pianist, composer and bandleader Susie Ibarra (b Anaheim, California, November 15, 1970) is an American Percussionist and Composer of Jazz William Parker may refer to Sportsmen Tony Parker, William Anthony Parker II, (born 1982 Belgian basketball player Matthew Shipp eventually collaborated with illbient musicians (DJ Spooky, Anti-Pop Consortium, El-P), and moved towards a distinctive brand of nu jazz comparable to that of Craig Taborn. Matthew Shipp (born December 7, 1960) is an American Pianist, composer and bandleader Illbient is a term coined by DJ Olive to describe the iconoclastic Music being produced by a community of artists based in the Williamsburg neighborhood DJ Spooky That Subliminal Kid (born Paul D Miller,1970 is a Washington DC-born electronic and experimental Hip hop musician whose work is often called " Antipop Consortium are an Alternative hip hop group The group formed in 1997 when Beans, High Priest, M Nu jazz is an Umbrella term coined in the late 1990s to refer to music that blends Jazz elements with other musical styles such as Funk, Soul Craig Taborn is an American keyboardist and composer Playing piano organ and Moog synthesizer Taborn has worked mostly in Jazz, although he also does Dark

Notable avant-jazz musicians

Rufus Harley Jazz Bagpipes
Muhal Richard Abrams
George Adams
Art Ensemble of Chicago
Albert Ayler
Derek Bailey
Django Bates
Ed Blackwell
Anthony Braxton
Circle (Altschul, Braxton, Corea, Holland)
Ornette Coleman
Don Cherry
John Coltrane (later period)
Eric Dolphy
Mike Garson
Globe Unity Orchestra
Charlie Haden
Joe Harriott
Roy Haynes
Dave Holland
Andrew Hill
Theo Jörgensmann
Jeanne Lee
Joe McPhee
Medeski, Martin, & Wood
Misha Mengelberg
Charles Mingus
Roscoe Mitchell
Evan Parker
Don Pullen
Sam Rivers
Pharoah Sanders
Archie Shepp
Sun Ra
Cecil Taylor
Thee Immortals
Arto Tunçboyacıyan (folk-jazz)
Alexander von Schlippenbach
John Zorn
Paul F Murphy
The Bad Plus

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