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Countries with at least one autonomous area.
Countries with at least one autonomous area.

An autonomous area is an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or freedom from an external authority. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Autonomy ( Greek: Auto- Nomos - nomos meaning "law" one who gives oneself his/her own Law) is the right to Self-government Typically it is either geographically distinct from the country or is populated by a national minority. Countries that include autonomous areas are often federacies. A federacy is a Form of government where one or several substate units enjoy considerably more independence than the majority of the substate units Autonomous areas can be divided into territorial autonomies, personal autonomies (cultural autonomy) and local autonomies. The term minority rights embodies two separate concepts first normal individual Rights as applied to members of racial Ethnic, class religious linguistic or

For a list of autonomous areas, see List of autonomous areas by country and List of territorial autonomies. ||-||}This list of Autonomous areas arranged by country gives an overview of autonomous areas of the world Territorial autonomy is a defined part of the state's territory that is authorized to govern itself manage certain matters handed over to its competence

Contents

Contemporary

Many autonomous areas lie within two of the world's largest countries, People's Republic of China and Russia. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

Iraq

Main article: Iraqi Kurdistan

Iraqi Kurdistan is the only region which has gained official recognition internationally as an autonomous federal entity. Iraqi Kurdistan Region ( Kurdish: هه رێمى كوردستان Herêmi Kurdistan, Arabic:إقليم كردستان العراق, Iqlĩm Kurdistãn Iraqi Kurdistan Region ( Kurdish: هه رێمى كوردستان Herêmi Kurdistan, Arabic:إقليم كردستان العراق, Iqlĩm Kurdistãn

China

Main article: Autonomous areas of China

China (PRC) has four types of autonomous area. In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous'''

Autonomous banner

Found only as divisions of Inner Mongolia. In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' In effect, these are autonomous counties (see below).

Autonomous county

Main article: Autonomous counties of China

The most numerous type of autonomous area in China, found both within and outside the larger autonomous prefectures and regions. Autonomous counties and autonomous banners are one kind of Autonomous areas of China.

Autonomous prefecture

Autonomous region

Main article: Autonomous regions of China

A first-level administrative subdivision of China. An autonomous region ( is a first-level administrative subdivision of China. There are five ARs in China. They are Inner Mongolia AR, Tibet AR, Ningxia Hui AR, Xinjiang Uyghur AR, and Guangxi Zhuang AR. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR also called Xizang Autonomous Region (བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་ Wylie: Bod-rang-skyong-ljongs Ningxia ( Postal map spelling: Ningsia full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk Guangxi (or Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;) is a Zhuang autonomous region of the People's Republic of China.

Special administrative region

Main article: Special administrative region (People's Republic of China)

Although not autonomous in name, in practice China's special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau) enjoy a high degree of autonomy. A Special Administrative Region ( SAR) is a high autonomous administrative division of the People's Republic of China. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics.

Russia

Apart from its republics, which by definition have a degree of autonomy, Russia has two types of autonomous region:

Autonomous okrug

Main article: Autonomous okrugs of Russia

Okrug is a transliterated Slavic loanword usually translated as "district". The Russian Federation is divided into 83  federal subjects (constituent units 21 of which are Republics. Autonomous Okrug (district area region is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously a type of administrative division of some federal Okrug (окръг Serbian and о́круг округа translit Transliteration is the practice of Transcribing a Word or text written in one Writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation The sizes of okrugs, however, vary more widely than other areas commonly identified as "districts", from large first-level divisions to third-level divisions within cities. Country subdivision refers to the division of a Country 's territory for the sake of its administration, description or other such purpose As of 2008, Russia has four autonomous okrugs.

Autonomous oblast

Main article: Autonomous oblasts of Russia

Oblast is a transliterated Slavic loanword usually understood to mean "province". The Russian Federation is divided into 83  federal subjects, one of which is an Autonomous oblast (autonomous province the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division As of 2006, one autonomous oblast exists: the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia

Other countries

The other types of autonomous area to be found in the world are:

Autonomous city

Main articles: Buenos Aires, Tashkent, Autonomous cities of Spain, and Brussels

Four cities are formally designated by their countries as autonomous: the capital of Uzbekistan, Tashkent;the capital of Belgium Brussels; the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla; and the Argentinian capital, Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern The plazas de soberanía ("places of sovereignty" formerly referred as "África Septentrional Española" (Spanish North Africa or simply "África Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The plazas de soberanía ("places of sovereignty" formerly referred as "África Septentrional Española" (Spanish North Africa or simply "África For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern Another Argentinian city that has been pressing for autonomous status is Rosario, a city of around one million inhabitants that receives less subsidy than the smaller provincial capital Santa Fe. In Economics, a subsidy (also known as a subvention is a form of financial assistance paid to a business or economic sector Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina.

Autonomous commune

Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, is described as an autonomous commune (commune autonome). Bangui is the Capital of and the largest city in the Central African Republic. Central Africa|Central African FederationThe Central African Republic ( CAR) République Centrafricaine ʀepyblik sɑ̃tʀafʀikɛn or Centrafrique) is a Landlocked A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government

Autonomous community

Main articles: Tokelau and Autonomous communities of Spain

The region-like areas into which Spain's provinces are grouped are known as autonomous communities (comunidades autónomas), as are the three atolls constituting the New Zealand territory of Tokelau. Tokelau (ˈtoʊkəlaʊ is a territory of New Zealand that consists of three tropical coral Atolls in the South Pacific Ocean. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. In addition to its autonomous communities, Spain is divided into fifty Provinces. An atoll (pronounced /ˈætʌl/ is an island of Coral that encircles a Lagoon partially or completely New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Tokelau (ˈtoʊkəlaʊ is a territory of New Zealand that consists of three tropical coral Atolls in the South Pacific Ocean.

Autonomous province

Six countries formally designate areas of their territory as autonomous provinces:

Autonomous region

In addition to the autonomous regions of China mentioned above, various other areas of the world are formally described as autonomous regions:

Autonomous republic

In addition to the Russian republics mentioned above, areas known as "autonomous republics" exist within some of the countries established following the end of the Soviet Union:

Autonomous sector

The Bissau Region, in which Guinea-Bissau's capital Bissau is found, is described as an "autonomous sector" (sector autónomo). Bissau is a region in central Guinea-Bissau. The city of Bissau serves as both the regional and national capital The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (ˈgɪni bɨˈsaʊ República da Guiné-Bissau ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɐ giˈnɛ biˈsau is a country in Western Africa, and one of the smallest Bissau is the Capital city of Guinea-Bissau. It is an Autonomous city whose borders are conterminous with the Bissau Region.

Historical

Other

Other areas that are autonomous in nature but not in name are areas designated for indigenous peoples, such as those of the Americas:

If elected, the Action démocratique du Québec party, now the official opposition in the Canadian province of Quebec, promises to work to make Quebec an autonomous region within the Canadian confederation. The Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ is a conservative, nationalist and autonomist provincial Political party in Quebec Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government particularly in a Westminster -based Parliamentary system Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the

Notes

  1. ^ Currently under United Nations administration. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security
  2. ^ Also described as a "self-governing territory".

See also

Bibliography

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