Autolysis is a process by which a biological cell self-destructs. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called It is uncommon in adult organisms and usually occurs in injured cells or dying tissue. It occurs when a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes out of its membranes. Lysosomes are Organelles that contain Digestive enzymes (acid Hydrolases. Digestion enzymes are Enzymes that break down Polymeric Macromolecules into their smaller building blocks The cell then, in effect, digests itself. The effect of autolysis is usually lessened in organelles separated from a cell using cell fractionation, usually by keeping the organelle in the same conditions it was in before removal; usually keeping organelles as 'ice-cold isotonic buffers'. In Cell biology, an organelle (pronunciation /ɔː(rgəˡnɛl/ is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function and is usually separately enclosed Cell fractionation is the separation of homogeneous sets usually Organelles from a heterogeneous population of cells
The term derives from the Greek words αυτό ("self") and λύσις ("splitting"). Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
Use
In the food industry, autolysis involves killing the yeast and encouraging the breakdown of the cells by enzymes. Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic Microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with about 1500 Species currently described Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins It is used to give different flavors. For yeast extract, this process is triggered by the addition of salt. Yeast extract is the common name for various forms of processed Yeast products that are used as food additives or flavourings Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants
In bread baking, the term (or, more commonly, its French cognate autolyse) is used to describe a hydration rest between the mixing and kneading of the dough that allows the gluten in the dough to rest and simplifies the shaping process of the finished dough. Bread is a Staple food prepared by Baking a Dough of Flour and Water. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Gluten is a composite of the proteins Gliadin and Glutenin. These exist conjoined with Starch, in the Endosperms of some The term was coined by French baking professor Raymond Calvel. Raymond Calvel (before 1930 – 2005 was a Bread expert and professor of baking at ENSMIC in Paris France.
See also
- Apoptosis
- Sub-lethal damage
External links
If damage to a cell is minimal the cell can recover following removal of the damaging stimulusDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic