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Autolycus of Pitane (c. 360 BC–c. Events By place Egypt With the help of King Agesilaus II of Sparta, Nectanebo II deposes Teos and becomes 290 BC) was a Greek astronomer, mathematician, and geographer. Events By place Roman Republic Roman general and Consul, Manius Curius Dentatus, gains a decisive victory over the The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Historically Astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky while Astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. A geographer is a Scientist whose area of study is Geography, the study of Earth 's physical environment and Human habitat

Contents

Life and work

Autolycus was born in Pitane, a town of Aeolis within Western Anatolia. Pitane (near Çandarlı, Turkey) was an ancient Greek town of Aeolis, in Asia Minor. Alternative meaning the Aeolis region of Mars. Geography Aeolis was an ancient district on the western coast of Asia Minor Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Of his personal life nothing is known, although he was a contemporary of Aristotle and his works seem to have been completed in Athens within the years 335 BC and 300 BC. Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Events By place Greece Returning to Macedonia by way of Delphi (where the Pythian priestess acclaims him "invincible" Events By place Egypt Pyrrhus, the King of Epirus, is taken as a hostage to Egypt after the Battle of Ipsus Euclid references some of Autolycus' work, and Autolycus is known to have taught Arcesilaus. Euclid ( Greek:.) fl 300 BC also known as Euclid of Alexandria, is often referred to as the Father of Geometry Arcesilaus (Ἀρκεσίλαος (ca 316-ca 241 BC was a Greek Philosopher and founder of the Second or Middle Academy &mdashthe skeptical Autolycus' surviving works include a book on spheres entitled On the Moving Sphere and another On Risings and Settings of celestial bodies. "Globose" redirects here See also Globose nucleus. A sphere (from Greek σφαίρα - sphaira, "globe s are significant physical entities, associations or structures which current Science has confirmed to exist in Space. Autolycus' works were translated by Maurolycus in the sixteenth century. Francesco Maurolico (in Latin, Franciscus Maurolycus; September 16, 1494 - July 21 or July 22, 1575) was an

On the Moving Sphere is believed to be the oldest mathematical treatise from ancient Greece that is completely preserved. [1] All Greek mathematical works prior to Autolycus' Spheres are taken from later summaries, commentaries, or descriptions of the works. [1] One reason for its survival is that it had originally been a part of a widely used collection called "Little Astronomy". [2] In his Sphere, Autolycus studied the characteristics and movement of a sphere. The work is simple and not exactly original since it consists of only elementary theorems on spheres that would be needed by astronomers, but its theorems are clearly enunciated and proved. [2] Its prime significance, therefore, is that it indicates that by his day there was a thoroughly established textbook tradition in geometry that is today regarded as typical of classical Greek geometry. [2] The theorem statement is clearly enunciated, a figure of the construction is given alongside the proof, and finally a concluding remark is made. Moreover, it gives indications of what theorems were well known in his day (around 320 BCE). [2] Two hundred years later Theodosius' wrote Sphaerics, a book that is believed to have a common origin with On the Moving Sphere in some pre-Euclidean textbook, possibly written by Eudoxus. Theodosius of Bithynia (ca 160 BC–ca 100 BC was a Greek astronomer and mathematician who wrote the Sphaerics, a book on the geometry of the sphere

In astronomy, Autolycus studied the relationship between the rising and the setting of the celestial bodies in his treatise in two books entitled On Risings and Settings. The second book is actually an expansion of his first book and of higher quality. He wrote that "any star which rises and sets always rises and sets at the same point in the horizon. " Autolycus relied heavily on Eudoxus' astronomy and was a strong supporter of Eudoxus' theory of homocentric spheres. The lunar crater Autolycus was named in his honour. This is a list of craters on the Moon. The large majority of these features are Impact craters The crater nomenclature is governed by the International Autolycus is a lunar Impact crater that is located in the southeast part of Mare Imbrium.

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Boyer (1991). Carl Benjamin Boyer ( November 3, 1906 – April 26, 1976) has been called the " Gibbon of math history"he "The age of Plato and Aristotle", , 97.  “A few years after Dinostratus and Menaechmus there flourished a mathematician who has the distinction of having written the oldest surviving Greek mathematical treatise. We have described rather fully the work of earlier Hellenic mathematicians, but it must be borne in mind that the accounts have been based no on original work but on later summaries, commentaries, or description. Occasionally a commentator appears to be copying from an original work extant at the time, as when Simplicius in the sixth century of our era is describing the quadrature of lines by Hippocrates. But not until we come to Autolycus of Pitane, a contemporary of Aristotle, do we find a Greek author one of whose works has survived. ” 
  2. ^ a b c d Boyer (1991). Carl Benjamin Boyer ( November 3, 1906 – April 26, 1976) has been called the " Gibbon of math history"he "The age of Plato and Aristotle", , 97-98.  “One reason for the survival of little treatise, On the Moving Sphere, is that it formed a part of a collection, known as the "Little Astronomy," widely used by ancient astronomers. On the Moving Sphere is not a profound and probably not a very original work, for it includes little beyond elementary theorems on the geometry of the sphere that would be needed in astronomy. Its chief significance lies in the fact that it indicates that Greek geometry evidently had reached the form that we regard as typical of the classical age. Theorems are clearly enunciated and proved. Moreover, the author uses without proof or indication of source other theorems that he regards as well known; we conclude, therefore, that there was in Greece in his day, about 320 B. C. , a thoroughly established textbook tradition in geometry. ” 

References

External links

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