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Autoimmune disease
Classification and external resources
ICD-9 279.4
OMIM 109100
DiseasesDB 28805
MedlinePlus 000816
MeSH D001327

Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a Database that catalogues all the known Diseases with a genetic component, and—when possible—links them The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. MedlinePlus, with the MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, is a website network containing Health information from the world's largest medical Library Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor In other words, the body attacks its own cells. Autoimmune diseases are a major cause of immune-mediated diseases. Immune-mediated diseases are conditions which result from abnormal activity of the body's immune system

Contents

Gender influence

Women tend to be affected more often by autoimmune disorders; nearly 79% of autoimmune disease patients in the USA are women. Also they tend to appear during or shortly after puberty. It is not known why this is the case, although hormone levels have been shown to affect the severity of some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Hormones (from Greek ὁρμή - "impetus" are chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune condition in which the [1] Other causes may include the presence of fetal cells in the maternal bloodstream. [2]

Autoimmune diseases

It is possible to classify autoimmune diseases by corresponding type of hypersensitivity: type II, type III, or type IV. Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction refers to undesirable (damaging discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal reactions produced by the normal immune system In type II hypersensitivity (or cytotoxic hypersensitivity) the antibodies produced by the immune response bind to antigens on the patient's own cell surfaces Type III hypersensitivity occurs when antigens and antibodies are present in roughly equal amounts causing extensive cross-linking Type IV hypersensitivity is often called delayed type hypersensitivity as the reaction takes two to three days to develop (No type of autoimmune disease mimics type I hypersensitivity. Type I hypersensitivity (or immediate hypersensitivity) is an allergic reaction provoked by reexposure to a specific type of Antigen referred to as an Allergen )[3]

Name Accepted/
suspected		 Hypersensitivity
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) Accepted[4]
Addison's disease Accepted[4]
Ankylosing spondylitis Accepted[4]
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) Accepted[4]
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Accepted[5] II
Autoimmune hepatitis Accepted[4]
Bullous pemphigoid Accepted[5]
Coeliac disease Accepted[6][7][8] IV
Chagas disease Suspected[9]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Suspected[10] [11]
Dermatomyositis Accepted[12]
Diabetes mellitus type 1 Accepted[4] IV
Endometriosis Suspected[13]
Goodpasture's syndrome Accepted[4] II
Graves' disease Accepted[4] II
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) Accepted[4]
Hashimoto's disease Accepted[4]
Hidradenitis suppurativa Suspected[14]
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Accepted[4]
Interstitial cystitis Suspected[15]
Lupus erythematosus Accepted[4] III
Morphea Suspected[16]
Multiple sclerosis Accepted[4] IV
Myasthenia gravis Accepted[4] II
Narcolepsy Suspected[17]
Neuromyotonia Suspected[18]
Pemphigus Accepted[4] II
Pernicious anaemia Accepted[19]
Polymyositis Accepted[12]
Primary biliary cirrhosis Accepted[20]
Rheumatoid arthritis Accepted[4] IV
Schizophrenia. Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction refers to undesirable (damaging discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal reactions produced by the normal immune system Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( ADEM) is an immune mediated Disease of the brain. Addison's disease (also known as chronic Adrenal insufficiency, '''hypocortisolism''' or '''hypocorticism) is a rare Endocrine disorder Ankylosing spondylitis ( AS; previously known as Bechterew's disease, Bechterew syndrome, Marie Strümpell disease and a form of Spondyloarthritis Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS or APLS or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a disorder of Coagulation, which causes blood clots ( Thrombosis) in both Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA is a type of Hemolytic anemia where the body's immune system attacks its own Red blood cells (RBCs leading to their destruction Anomalous presentation of Human leukocyte antigen (HLA class II on the surface of Hepatocytes possibly due to Genetic predisposition or Acute liver infection Bullous pemphigoid, also referred to as BP, is a chronic autoimmune Skin disease, involving the formation of Blisters below the surface of the Coeliac Chagas disease (doença de Chagas enfermedad de Chagas mal de Chagas in both languages also called American trypanosomiasis) is a tropical Parasitic Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) is a Disease of the lungs in which the Airways become narrowed Dermatomyositis (DM is a connective-tissue disease related to Polymyositis (PM that is characterized by Inflammation of the muscles and the skin Diabetes mellitus type 1 (Type 1 diabetes Type I diabetes T1D T1DM IDDM juvenile diabetes is a form of Diabetes mellitus. Endometriosis (from endo, "inside" and metra, " Womb " is a common medical condition characterized by growth beyond or outside the uterus Goodpasture’s syndrome (also known as Goodpasture’s disease and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease) is a rare condition characterised by rapid destruction Graves' disease is a Thyroid disorder characterized by goiter, Exophthalmos, "orange-peel" skin and Hyperthyroidism. Guillain-Barré syndrome ( GBS) (in French ɡilɛ̃ baˈʁe in English ˈɡiːlæn ˈbɑreɪ /ɡiːˈæn bəˈreɪ/ etc Hashimoto's thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is an Autoimmune disease where the body's own T-cells attack the cells of the Thyroid Hidradenitis suppurativa or HS is a Skin disease that affects areas bearing Apocrine sweat glands and Hair follicles such as the underarms groin Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP is the condition of having a low Platelet count ( Thrombocytopenia) of no known cause ( Idiopathic) Interstitial cystitis (commonly abbreviated to "IC" is a Urinary bladder Disease of unknown cause characterised by urinary frequency (as often as every Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE or lupus,) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal though with recent medical advances fatalities are becoming Morphea is a medical term for localized Scleroderma. The disease involves isolated patches of hardened skin - there generally is no internal organ involvement Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune condition in which the Myasthenia gravis (literally "serious muscle-weakness" from Greek μύς "muscle" "weakness" and Latin gravis Narcolepsy is a Neurological condition most characterized by Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS in which a person falls asleep during the day at inappropriate Neuromyotonia, also known as Isaacs' Syndrome, is spontaneous muscular activity resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials of peripheral origin Pemphigus (from the Greek pemphix: bubble or blister is an Autoimmune disease of the Skin and mucous membranes that causes vesicles Pernicious anemia (also known as Biermer's anemia, Addison's anemia, or Addison-Biermer anemia) is a form of Megaloblastic anemia due to Polymyositis is a type of Inflammatory myopathy, related to Dermatomyositis and Inclusion body myositis. Primary biliary cirrhosis is an Autoimmune disease of the Liver marked by the slow progressive destruction of the small bile ducts ( Bile canaliculi) within Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that causes the Immune system to attack the Joints, where Schizophrenia ( from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν "to split" and phrēn Suspected[21][22][23]
Sjögren's syndrome Accepted[4]
Temporal arteritis (also known as "giant cell arteritis") Accepted[4]
Vasculitis Accepted[5]
Vitiligo Suspected[24][25]
Wegener's granulomatosis Accepted[26]

References

  1. ^ A Gender Gap in Autoimmunity. Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which Immune cells attack and destroy the Exocrine glands ref name="pmid18289371"> that Temporal arteritis, also called giant cell arteritis ( GCA) is an inflammatory disease of Blood vessels (most commonly large and medium arteries Vasculitis (plural vasculitides) a group of diseases featuring Inflammation of the wall of Blood vessels including veins ( Phlebitis) arteries Vitiligo (ˈvɪtəˈlaɪgoʊ or leukoderma is a chronic skin disease that causes loss of pigment, resulting in irregular pale patches of Skin Wegener's granulomatosis is a form of Vasculitis that affects the Lungs Kidneys and other organs Retrieved on 2007-10-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
  2. ^ JAMA -- Abstract: Microchimerism: An Investigative Frontier in Autoimmunity and Transplantation, March 3, 2004, Adams and Nelson 291 (9): 1127. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
  3. ^ Parham, Peter (2005). The immune system. New York: Garland Science, 344. ISBN 0-8153-4093-1.  
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r MeSH Autoimmune+Diseases
  5. ^ a b c Autoimmune Disorders: Immune Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books
  6. ^ Celiac Disease.
  7. ^ Meize-Grochowski R (2005). "Celiac disease: a multisystem autoimmune disorder". Gastroenterol Nurs 28 (5): 394–402; quiz 403–4. PMID 16234635.  
  8. ^ Sollid LM, Jabri B (December 2005). "Is celiac disease an autoimmune disorder?". Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17 (6): 595–600. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.015. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16214317.  
  9. ^ Hyland KV, Engman DM (2006). "Further thoughts on where we stand on the autoimmunity hypothesis of Chagas disease". Trends Parasitol. 22 (3): 101-2; author reply 103. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2006.01.001. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16446117.  
  10. ^ Agustí A, MacNee W, Donaldson K, Cosio M. (2003). "Hypothesis: does COPD have an autoimmune component?". Thorax 58 (10): 832-834. doi:10.1136/thorax.58.10.832. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 14514931.  
  11. ^ Lee SH, Goswami S, Grudo A, et al (2007). "Antielastin autoimmunity in tobacco smoking-induced emphysema". Nat. Med. 13 (5): 567-9. doi:10.1038/nm1583. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 17450149.  
  12. ^ a b Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue: Merck Manual Home Edition.
  13. ^ Gleicher N, el-Roeiy A, Confino E, Friberg J (1987). "Is endometriosis an autoimmune disease?". Obstetrics and gynecology 70 (1): 115-22. PMID 3110710.  
  14. ^ Clinical Trial: Etanercept in Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Retrieved on 2007-07-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  15. ^ Kárpáti F, Dénes L, Büttner K (1975). "[Interstitial cystitis=autoimmune cyatitis? Interstitial as a participating disease in lupus erythematosus]" (in German). Zeitschrift für Urologie und Nephrologie 68 (9): 633-9. PMID 1227191.  
  16. ^ Takehara K, Sato S (2005). "Localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder". Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 44 (3): 274-9. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh487. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15561734.  
  17. ^ Carlander, B. , Eliaou J. F. , Billiard M. (1993). "Autoimmune hypothesis in narcolepsy. ". Neurophysiol. Clin. 23.  
  18. ^ Maddison P (2006). "Neuromyotonia". Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (10): 2118-27. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.03.008. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16843723.  
  19. ^ MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pernicious anemia. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  20. ^ Eaton WW, Byrne M, Ewald H, et al (2006). "Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers". The American journal of psychiatry 163 (3): 521-8. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.521. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16513876.  
  21. ^ Jones AL, Mowry BJ, Pender MP, Greer JM (2005). "Immune dysregulation and self-reactivity in schizophrenia: do some cases of schizophrenia have an autoimmune basis?". Immunol. Cell Biol. 83 (1): 9-17. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01305.x. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15661036.  
  22. ^ Strous RD, Shoenfeld Y (2006). "Schizophrenia, autoimmunity and immune system dysregulation: a comprehensive model updated and revisited". J. Autoimmun. 27 (2): 71-80. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2006.07.006. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16997531.  
  23. ^ Questions and Answers about Vitiligo. Retrieved on 2007-08-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
  24. ^ A New Gene Linked to Vitiligo and Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disorders - Journal Watch Dermatology. Retrieved on 2007-08-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
  25. ^ Sánchez-Cano D, Callejas-Rubio JL, Ortego-Centeno N (April 2008). "Effect of rituximab on refractory Wegener granulomatosis with predominant granulomatous disease". J Clin Rheumatol 14 (2): 92–3. doi:10.1097/RHU.0b013e31816b4487. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 18391678.  

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