Autogyro
A modern autogyro

An autogyro is a type of rotorcraft invented by Juan de la Cierva in 1919, making its first successful flight on January 9, 1923 at Cuatro Vientos Airfield in Madrid. Classes of rotorcraft Helicopter See also Helicopter A helicopter is a rotorcraft whose rotors are driven by the engine(s throughout the flight Juan de la Cierva (21 September 1895 – 9 December 1936 was a Spanish Civil engineer and pilot Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. ^[1] Similar to helicopters, autogyros use a rotor to develop lift. History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. In the context of a Fluid flow relative to a body the lift force is the component of the Aerodynamic force that is Perpendicular to the flow While a helicopter's rotor is rotated by an engine during normal flight, the rotor of an autogyro is driven by aerodynamic forces in autorotation. In Aviation, the word autorotation is applied to operation of Fixed-wing aircraft and Rotary-wing aircraft. An engine-powered propeller, similar to that of a fixed-wing aircraft, provides thrust for the autogyro. Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft. Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton 's Second and Third Laws.

Autogyros are also known as gyroplanes, gyrocopters, or rotaplanes. The term Autogiro was a trademark of the Cierva Autogiro Company and the term Gyrocopter was originally a trademark of Bensen Aircraft. A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual Juan de la Cierva (21 September 1895 – 9 December 1936 was a Spanish Civil engineer and pilot The Bensen Aircraft Corporation was established by Dr Igor Bensen at Raleigh-Durham International Airport in North Carolina in 1952 to develop

Contents 1 Configuration 1.1 Flight controls 1.2 Pusher vs tractor configuration 2 History 2.1 Early development 2.2 World War II 2.3 Postwar developments 2.4 Bensen Gyrocopter 3 Certification by national aviation authorities 3.1 US certification 3.2 UK certification 4 World records 5 Autogyros in popular culture 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Configuration

An autogyro is characterised by a free-spinning rotor that turns due to passage of air upwards through the rotor. The vertical component of the total aerodynamic reaction of the rotor gives lift for the vehicle, and sustains the autogyro in the air. A separate propeller provides forward thrust and can be placed in a tractor configuration, with the engine and propeller at the front of the fuselage (e. g. , Cierva), or pusher configuration with the engine and propeller at the rear of the fuselage (e. Juan de la Cierva (21 September 1895 – 9 December 1936 was a Spanish Civil engineer and pilot g. , Bensen). The Bensen Aircraft Corporation was established by Dr Igor Bensen at Raleigh-Durham International Airport in North Carolina in 1952 to develop

Whereas a helicopter works by forcing the rotor blades through the air, pushing air downwards, the autogyro rotor blade generates lift in the same way as a glider's wing by changing the angle of the air as it moves upwards and backwards relative to the rotor blade. Terminology A "glider" is an unpowered Aircraft. The most common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes The free-spinning blades turn by autorotation; the rotor blades are angled so that they not only give lift, but the angle of the blades causes the lift to accelerate the blades' rotation rate, until the rotor turns at a stable speed with the drag and thrust forces in balance.

Pitch control of the autogyro is by tilting the rotor fore and aft; roll control is by tilting the rotor laterally (side to side). Three designs to affect the tilt of the rotor are a tilting hub (Cierva), swashplate (Air & Space 18A), or servo-flaps (Kaman SAVER). This article is about the swashplate in helicopters see also the Swashplate article which describes all uses of the mechanism WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A rudder provides yaw control. A rudder is a device used to steer a Ship, Boat, Submarine, Hovercraft, or other conveyance that move through a fluid (generally air or On pusher configuration autogyros, the rudder is typically placed in the propeller slipstream to maximize yaw control at low airspeed (cf. A slipstream is a region of reduced Pressure produced behind an object as it moves through a fluid medium (usually air or as that medium moves around an object McCulloch J-2).

Flight controls

There are three primary flight controls: control stick, rudder pedals, and throttle. A rudder is a device used to steer a Ship, Boat, Submarine, Hovercraft, or other conveyance that move through a fluid (generally air or A throttle is the mechanism by which the flow of a fluid is managed by constriction or obstruction The control stick is termed cyclic and tilts the rotor in the desired direction to provide pitch and roll control. The rudder pedals provide yaw control, and the throttle controls engine power.

Secondary flight controls include the rotor transmission clutch, also known as a pre-rotator, which when engaged drives the rotor to start it spinning before takeoff, and collective pitch to reduce blade pitch before driving the rotor. A Helicopter pilot manipulates the helicopter flight controls in order to achieve controlled aerodynamic Flight. Collective pitch controls are not usually fitted to autogyros, but can be found on the Air & Space 18A and McCulloch J-2 and are capable of near VTOL performance. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout VTOL is an abbreviation for Vertical Take-Off and Landing. VTOL describes Fixed-wing aircraft that can lift off vertically Unlike a helicopter, autogyros without collective pitch need a runway to takeoff; however they are capable of landing with a very short, or zero ground roll. ^[2]

Pusher vs tractor configuration

Modern autogyros typically follow one of two basic configurations.

The most common design is the pusher configuration, where the engine and propeller are located behind the pilot and rotor mast, such as in the Bensen "Gyrocopter". Configuration An autogyro is characterised by a free-spinning rotor that turns due to passage of air upwards through the rotor It was developed by Igor Bensen in the decades following World War II, and came into widespread use shortly afterward. The Bensen Aircraft Corporation was established by Dr Igor Bensen at Raleigh-Durham International Airport in North Carolina in 1952 to develop

Less common today is the tractor configuration. In this version the engine and propeller are located at the front of the aircraft, ahead of the pilot and rotor mast. This was the primary configuration in early autogyros, but became less common after the advent of the helicopter. It has enjoyed a revival since the mid 1970s however, in the "Little Wing" autogyro concept.

History

Juan de la Cierva was a Spanish engineer and aeronautical enthusiast. Juan de la Cierva (21 September 1895 – 9 December 1936 was a Spanish Civil engineer and pilot An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. In 1921, he participated in a design competition to develop a bomber for the Spanish military. Cierva designed a three-engined aircraft, but during an early test flight, the bomber stalled and crashed. Cierva was troubled by the stall phenomenon and vowed to develop an aircraft that could fly safely at low airspeeds. The result was the first successful rotorcraft, which he named Autogiro in 1923. Cierva's autogyro used an airplane fuselage with a forward-mounted propeller and engine, a rotor mounted on a mast, and a horizontal and vertical stabilizer.

Early development

Cierva's first three designs (C.1, C.2, and C.3) were unstable due to aerodynamic and structural deficiencies in their rotors. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout His fourth design, the C.4, made the first successful flight of an autogyro on 9 January 1923, piloted by Alejandro Gomez Spencer at Cuatro Vientos airfield in Madrid, Spain. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cierva had fitted the rotor of the C. 4 with flapping hinges to attach each rotor blade to the hub. The flapping hinges allowed each rotor blade to flap, or move up and down, to compensate for dissymmetry of lift, the difference in lift produced between the right and left sides of the rotor as the autogyro moves forward. Dissymmetry of lift in Helicopter Aerodynamics refers to an uneven amount of lift on opposite sides of the rotor disc Three days later, the engine failed shortly after takeoff and the aircraft descended slowly and steeply to a safe landing, validating Cierva's efforts to produce an aircraft that could be flown safely at low airspeeds.

Cierva developed his C.6 model with the assistance of Spain's Military Aviation establishment, having expended all his funds on development and construction of the first five prototypes. The Cierva C6 was the sixth Autogyro designed by engineer Juan de la Cierva, and the first one to travel a "major" distance The C. 6 first flew in February 1925, including a flight of 10. 5 km (7 miles) from Cuatro Vientos airfield to Getafe airfield in about 8 minutes, a significant accomplishment for any rotorcraft of the time. Getafe is a city in the southern zone of the Madrid metropolitan area, Spain, and one of the most populated and industrialized cities in the municipality Shortly after Cierva's success with the C. 6, Cierva accepted an offer from Scottish industrialist James G. Weir to establish the Cierva Autogiro Company in England, following a demonstration of the C. 6 before the British Air Ministry at RAE Farnborough, on 20 October 1925. The Air Ministry was formerly a department of the British Government with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force. The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE England, was a British research establishment latterly under the UK Ministry of Defence Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Britain had become the world center of autogyro development.

A crash in February 1927, due to blade root failure, led to an improvement in rotor hub design. A drag hinge was added in conjunction with the flapping hinge to allow each blade to move fore and aft and relieve in-plane stresses, generated as a byproduct of the flapping motion. This development led to the Cierva C. 8, which, on 18 September 1928, made the first rotorcraft crossing of the English Channel followed by a tour of Europe. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The U. S. industrialist Harold Frederick Pitcairn, upon learning of the successful flights of the autogyro, had previously visited Cierva in Spain; in 1928, he visited Cierva again, in England, after taking a C.8 L. Harold F Pitcairn (1897 - 1960 was an American aviation inventor and pioneer WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout IV test flight piloted by Arthur H. C. A. Rawson. Being particularly impressed with the autogyro's safe vertical descent capability, Pitcairn purchased a C. 8 L. IV with a Wright Whirlwind engine. Arriving in the United States on 11 December 1928 accompanied by Rawson, this autogyro was redesignated C. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 8W. Subsequently, production of autogyros was licensed to a number of manufacturers, including the Pitcairn Autogiro Company in the U. S. and Focke-Wulf of Germany. Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau AG was a German manufacturer of civil and military aircraft during World War II.

Development of the autogyro continued in search for a means to accelerate the rotor prior to takeoff (called prerotating). Rotor drives initially took the form of a rope wrapped around the rotor axle and then pulled by a team of men to accelerate the rotor - this was followed by a long taxi to bring the rotor up to speed sufficient for takeoff. The next innovation was flaps on the tail to redirect the propeller slipstream into the rotor while on the ground. This design was first tested on a C.19 in 1929. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Efforts in 1930 had shown that development of a light and efficient mechanical transmission was not a trivial undertaking, but the Pitcairn-Cierva Autogiro Company, of Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, finally solved the problem with a transmission driven by the engine in 1932. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern

Cierva's early autogyros were fitted with fixed rotor hubs, small fixed wings, and control surfaces like those of a fixed wing aircraft. At low airspeeds, the control surfaces became ineffective and could readily lead to loss of control, particularly during landing. In response, Cierva developed a direct control rotor hub, which could be tilted in any direction by the pilot. Cierva's direct control was first developed on the Cierva C. 19 Mk. V and saw production on the Cierva C.30 series of 1934. The Cierva C30A Autogiro was a type of Autogyro designed by Juan de la Cierva and built under licence from the Cierva Autogiro Company by A V Roe

When improvements in helicopters made them practical, autogyros became largely neglected. They were, however, used in the 1930s by major newspapers, and by the US Postal Service for mail service between the Camden, NJ airport (USA) and the top of the post office building in downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA). The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ^[3]

World War II

In World War II, Germany pioneered a very small gyroglider "rotor-kite", the Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 "Bachstelze" (Water-wagtail), towed by U-boats to provide aerial surveillance. The Focke Achgelis Fa 330 Bachstelze ( "Wagtail") was a type of rotary-wing kite known as a Gyroglider or Rotor Kite U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers

The Japanese Army developed the Kayaba Ka-1 Autogyro for reconnaissance, artillery-spotting, and anti-submarine uses. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Ka-1 was based on an American design first imported to Japan in 1938. The craft was initially developed for use as an observation platform and for artillery spotting duties. The Army liked the craft's short take-off span, and especially its low maintenance requirements. In 1941 production began, with the machines assigned to artillery units for spotting the fall of shells. These carried two crewmen: a pilot and a spotter.

Later, the Japanese Army commissioned two small aircraft carriers intended for coastal antisubmarine (ASW) duties. An anti-submarine weapon is any one of a range of devices that are intended to act against a submarine and its crew to destroy (sink the vessel or to destroy or reduce its capability The spotter's position on the Ka-1 was modified in order to carry one small depth charge. Ka-1 ASW autogyros operated from shore bases as well as the two small carriers. They appear to have been responsible for at least one submarine sinking.

The autogyro was used to calibrate the coastal radar stations during and after the Battle of Britain. ^[4]

Postwar developments

The autogyro was resurrected after World War II when Dr. Igor Bensen, a Russian immigrant, saw a captured German U-Boat's Fa 330 gyroglider and was fascinated by its characteristics. At work he was tasked with the analysis of the British "Rotachute" gyro glider designed by expatriate Austrian Raoul Hafner. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich This led him to adapt the design for his own purposes and eventually market the B-7. Bensen submitted an improved version, the Bensen B-8M, for testing to the United States Air Force, which designated it the X-25. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The B-8M was designed to use surplus McCulloch engines used on flying unmanned target drones.

Ken Wallis developed a miniature autogyro craft, the Wallis autogyro, in England in the 1960s, and autogyros built similar to Wallis' design appeared for a number of years. Wing Commander Kenneth Horatio Wallis MBE, DEng (hc CEng, FRAeS, FSETP, PhD (hc RAF (Ret'd The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Ken Wallis' designs have been used in various scenarios including military training, police reconnaissance, and in another case a search for the Loch Ness Monster. The Loch Ness Monster ( Nessiteras rhombopteryx) is an alleged animal family and upward Incertae sedis, purportedly inhabiting Scotland 's Loch Ness

Three different autogyro designs have been certified by the FAA for commercial production: the Umbaugh U-18/Air & Space 18A of 1965, the Avian 2-180 of 1967, and the McCulloch J-2 of 1972. The Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA) is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. All have been commercial failures, for various reasons.

Bensen Gyrocopter

The basic Bensen Gyrocopter design is a simple frame of square aluminium or galvanized steel tubing, reinforced with triangles of lighter tubing. It is arranged so that the stress falls on the tubes, or special fittings, not the bolts. A front-to-back keel mounts a steerable nosewheel, seat, engine, and a vertical stabilizer. Outlying mainwheels are mounted on an axle. Some versions may mount seaplane-style floats for water operations.

Bensen-type autogyros use a pusher configuration for simplicity and to increase visibility for the pilot. An Aircraft constructed with a pusher configuration has the engine mounted forward of the Propeller - which faces in a rearwards direction - giving an appearance Power can be supplied by a variety of engines. McCulloch drone engines, Rotax marine engines, Subaru automobile engines, and other designs have been used in Bensen-type designs.

The rotor is mounted atop the vertical mast. The rotor system of all Bensen-type autogyros is of a two-blade teetering design. There are some disadvantages associated with this rotor design, but the simplicity of the rotor design lends itself to ease of assembly and maintenance and is one of the reasons for its popularity. Aircraft-quality birch was specified in early Bensen designs, and a wood/steel composite is used in the world speed record holding Wallis design. Gyroplane rotor blades are made from other materials such as aluminium and GRP-based composite blades. WikipediaNaming Glass-reinforced plastic ( GRP) is a Composite material or Fiber-reinforced plastic made of a Plastic reinforced by fine fibers

Due to Bensen's pioneering of the concept and the popularity of his design, "Gyrocopter" has become a Genericized Trademark for pusher configuration autogyros. A genericized trademark (also known as a generic trademark or proprietary eponym) is a Trademark or Brand name that has become the colloquial

Certification by national aviation authorities

US certification

A certificated autogyro must meet mandated stability and control criteria; in the United States these are set forth in Federal Aviation Regulations Part 27: Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Federal Aviation Regulations, or FAR s are rules prescribed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA governing all Aviation activities in the ^[5] The U. S. Federal Aviation Administration issues a Standard Airworthiness Certificate to qualified autogyros. The Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA) is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of A standard airworthiness certificate is a certificate issued by a state's civil aviation authority to permit the operation of the Aircraft. Amateur-built or kit-built aircraft are operated under a Special Airworthiness Certificate in the Experimental category. The special airworthiness certificate is a Federal Aviation Administration authorization to operate an Aircraft in United States airspace in one or more ^[6]

UK certification

Some autogyros, such as the Rotorsport MT03,^[7] have type approval by the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) under British Civil Airworthiness Requirements CAP643 Section T. ^[8] Others operate under a permit to fly issued by the Popular Flying Association – similar to the US experimental aircraft certification. However, the CAA's assertion that autogyros have a poor safety record means that permit to fly will only be granted to existing types of autogyro. All new types of autogyro must be submitted for full type approval under CAP643 Section T. ^[9]

In 2005, the CAA issued a mandatory permit directive (MPD) which restricted operations for single seat autogryos, and were subsequently integrated into CAP643 Issue 3 published on 12 August 2005. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[8] The restrictions are concerned with the offset between the centre of gravity and thrust line, and apply to all aircraft unless evidence is presented to the CAA that the CG/Thrust Line offset less than 2 inches (5 cm) in either direction. The restrictions are summarised as follows:

• Aircraft with a cockpit/nacelle may only be operated by pilots with more than 50 hours solo flight experience following the issue of their licence. The word nacelle is derived from the Old French nacele, which means a small Boat or Dinghy, which was in turn derived from the
• Open frame aircraft are restricted to a minimum speed of 30 mph (26 knots), except in the flare.
• All aircraft are restricted to a Vne of 70 mph (61 knots)
• Flight is not permitted when surface winds exceed 17 mph (15 knots) or if the gust spread exceeds 12 mph (10 knots)
• Flight is not permitted in moderate, severe or extreme turbulence and airspeed must be reduced to 63 mph (55 knots) if turbulence is encountered mid-flight. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such

World records

In 1931, Amelia Earhart flew a Pitcairn PCA-2 to a women's world altitude record of 18,415 ft (5,613 m). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[10]

Wing Commander Ken Wallis has held most of the autogyro world records during his autogyro flying career. Wing Commander ( Wg Cdr in the RAF, WGCDR in the RNZAF and RAAF, W/C in the former RCAF) is a commissioned Wing Commander Kenneth Horatio Wallis MBE, DEng (hc CEng, FRAeS, FSETP, PhD (hc RAF (Ret'd These include the speed record of 186 km/h (111. 7 mph), and the straight-line distance record of 905 km (543. 27 miles). On 16 November 2002, Wallis increased the speed record to 207. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 7 km/h (129. 1 mph) – and simultaneously set another world record as the oldest pilot to set a world record. ^[11]

Andrew Keech made a transcontinental flight from Kitty Hawk, North Carolina to San Diego, California in October 2003 and set 3 world records for speed over a recognized course. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The 3 records were verified by tower personnel or by official observers of the United States' National Aeronautic Association (NAA). The National Aeronautic Association of the United States ( NAA) is a member of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI the international standard On 9 February 2006, he broke two of his world records and set a record for distance, ratified by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI); Speed over a closed circuit of 500 km (311 mi) without payload: 168. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI is the world governing body for Air sports and Aeronautics and Astronautics world records 29 km/h (104. 57 mph), speed over a closed circuit of 1,000 km (621 mi) without payload: 165. 07 km/h (102. 57 mph), and distance over a closed circuit without landing: 1,019. 09 km (633. 23 mi). ^[12]

Autogyros in popular culture

An indication of the pre-war popularity of the autogyro, its subsequent decline and later rise of interest can be inferred from its appearances in the films and comics of the day. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Notable appearances include:

• In the film International House (1933), W. International House was a comedy film released in 1933, directed by A C. Field's character converts his golf cart to an autogyro and takes off from the fairway, subsequently crashing into a hotel roof garden.
• In the film It Happened One Night (1934), the groom and pilot King Westley arrives dramatically for the wedding in an autogyro. It Happened One Night is a 1934 screwball comedy directed by Frank Capra, in which a pampered Socialite ( Claudette Colbert

• An autogyro appears (in what is obviously stock footage) in Hitchock's 1935 film The 39 Steps in a scene in Scotland where the hero is escaping the police. Wing Commander Kenneth Horatio Wallis MBE, DEng (hc CEng, FRAeS, FSETP, PhD (hc RAF (Ret'd
• In the classic science fiction film of H. G. Wells' THINGS TO COME (1936), the heroes of the story arrive dramatically at the Space Gun in an art deco-style autogyro, to mitigate the destruction of the Space Gun by extremists, which will carry two people to the Moon in the year 2036. The autogyro in the film was designed by celebrated art deco designer Norman Bel Geddes, who assisted production designer William Cameron Menzies on the look of the world of tomorrow. Norman Melancton Bel Geddes ( April 27, 1893 &ndash May 9, 1958) was an American Theatrical and Industrial designer William Cameron Menzies ( July 29, 1896 - March 5, 1957) was an Academy Award -winning American Film
• Little Nellie, the autogyro featured in the 1967 James Bond film You Only Live Twice, was a Ken Wallis WA-116 design and was piloted by Wallis in its film scenes. James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story You Only Live Twice (1967 is the fifth Spy film of the British James Bond series and stars Sean Connery as the Wing Commander Kenneth Horatio Wallis MBE, DEng (hc CEng, FRAeS, FSETP, PhD (hc RAF (Ret'd In the film, it was shipped by Q in four suitcases and assembled prior to use. ^[13][14]
• An autogyro was heavily featured in the second Mad Max (The Road Warrior) film, released in 1981, appearing in several scenes with its pilot, the Gyro Captain, as a major character. Mad Max 2 The Road Warrior (known as The Road Warrior in the U The pilot used in the flying sequences was Gerry Goodwin, doubling for the actor, Bruce Spence. Bruce Spence (born) is an Australian Character actor. He is perhaps most famous as the Gyro Captain in Mad Max 2 (also known as "The Road Warrior" ^[15]
• Fictional comic characters Doc Savage,^[16] The Shadow, and Tom Strong all featured autogyros in their 1930s and 1940s pulp magazine adventures. Doc Savage is a Fictional character, one of the Pulp heroes of the 1930s and 1940s Tom Strong is a Comic book created by writer Alan Moore and artist Chris Sprouse initially published bi-monthly by America's Best Comics ^[17]
• Batman's first aircraft was an autogyro. Batman (originally referred to as the Bat-Man and still referred to at times as the Batman) is a fictional Comic book Superhero co-created The "Batgyro" was introduced in Detective Comics #31 in September 1939. Detective Comics is an American comic book published monthly by DC Comics since 1937 best-known for introducing the iconic Superhero Batman It only made three appearances before being replaced by a more conventional fixed wing aircraft.
• In The Simpsons episode 22 Short Films About Springfield, Mr. " 22 Short Films About Springfield " is the twenty-first episode of The Simpsons ' seventh season, which originally aired on April Burns is seen reading a magazine called Autogyro Enthusiast. In the episode Mother Simpson, Mr. " Mother Simpson " is the eighth episode of The Simpsons ' seventh season and first aired on November 19 1995 Burns at the post office says, "Yes, I'd like to send this letter to the Prussian consulate in Siam by aeromail. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Am I too late for the 4:30 autogyro?"
• In the Lupin III film Castle of Cagliostro, the villainous Count Cagliostro pilots an autogyro which becomes central to the protagonist's escape. is a Japanese Manga series written and illustrated by Kazuhiko Kato under the Pen name of " Monkey Punch " is a 1979 Anime Film co-written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki.
• A model autogyro makes a brief appearance in the film Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events. Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a 2004 Academy Award winning Film, directed by Brad Silberling
• The gyrocopter is one of the three featured aircraft in Pilotwings 64, a launch title for the Nintendo 64 video game console. is a Video game for the Nintendo 64, released in 1996 along with the launch of the console The, often abbreviated as N64, is Nintendo 's third home Video game console for the international market
• An autogyro is used in the final rescue scene of the 1991 film The Rocketeer. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
• An autogyro is used in the final rescue scene of the 1982 film Annie. Annie is a 1982 musical film based upon the popular 1977 stage musical of the same name with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin
• An autogyro plays a significant role in the plot of the 1988 film The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking. The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking is a 1988 fantasy-adventure-musical film based on the books of the Fictional character Pippi Longstocking

See also

• List of autogyro models
• Gyrodyne
• Fairey Rotodyne
• Carter Copter
• Piasecki Aircraft Corporation
• Helicopter

References

External links

• Air & Space 18A gyroplane.
• Australian Sport Rotorcraft Association
• British Rotorcraft Association
• The Gyrobee, and ultralight autogyro
• GyroPilot, for people interested in autogyros
• Gyroplane Passion All things relating to gyroplanes
• Jeff Lewis' in-depth history of the Autogyro
• Popular Rotorcraft Association (United States)
• gyrowiki.com Gyroplane Articles and resources.

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