Attribution theory is a social psychology theory developed by Fritz Heider, Harold Kelley, Edward E. Jones, and Lee Ross. Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact Fritz Heider ( February 18, 1896 – January 2, 1988) was an Austrian psychologist whose work was related to the Gestalt For the Australian rugby league footballer of the same name see Harold Kelley (rugby league Harold Kelley ( February 16, 1921 Edward Ellsworth Jones (1927–1993 also known as "Ned" Jones was an influential social psychologist who worked at Duke University for most of his career Lee D Ross is a professor of Social psychology at Stanford University, who has studied Attribution theory, Attributional biases Decision
The theory is concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behavior of others or themselves (self-attribution) with something else. It explores how individuals "attribute" causes to events and how this cognitive perception affects their usefulness in an organization.
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Internal vs. External
The theory divides the way people attribute causes to events into two types. Causality (but not causation) denotes a necessary relationship between one event (called cause and another event (called effect) which is the direct consequence
- "External" or "situational" attribution assigns causality to an outside factor, such as the weather. The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time.
- "Internal" or "dispositional" attribution assigns causality to factors within the person, such as their own level of intelligence or other variables that make the individual responsible for the event. Intelligence (also called intellect) is an Umbrella term used to describe a property of the Mind that encompasses many related abilities such as the capacities
The covariation model developed by Harold Kelley examines how people decide whether an internal or an external attribution will be made. The covariation model was developed by Harold Kelley in 1967 It uses three scales to explain the system that people use in order to make an internal or external attribution For the Australian rugby league footballer of the same name see Harold Kelley (rugby league Harold Kelley ( February 16, 1921
See also
- Attributional bias
- causation
- Educational psychology
- Correspondent inference theory
- Locus of control
- Explanatory style
References
- Heider, Fritz. In Psychology, an attributional bias is a Cognitive bias that affects the way we determine who or what was responsible for an event or action ( attribution Causality (but not causation) denotes a necessary relationship between one event (called cause and another event (called effect) which is the direct consequence Educational psychology is the study of how Humans learn in Educational settings the effectiveness of educational interventions the psychology of teaching and the Correspondent inference theory is a psychological theory proposed by Edward E Locus of control is a term in Psychology which refers to a person's belief about what causes the good or bad results in their life either in general or in a specific area such Explanatory style is a Psychological Attribute that indicates how people explain to themselves why they experience a particular event either positive or negative (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-36833-4
External links
- Essay on Attribution by Steve Booth-Butterfield of West Virginia University (1996)
- "From Attributions to Folk Explanations: An Argument in 10 (or so) Steps" (Bertram Malle, University of Oregon, 2002).
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