Citizendia
Your Ad Here

The K8 architecture.
The K8 architecture.

The Athlon 64 is an eighth-generation, AMD64 architecture microprocessor produced by AMD, released on September 23, 2003. x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a Central processing unit (CPU on a single Integrated Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. [1] It is the third processor to bear the name Athlon, and the immediate successor to the Athlon XP. Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of different X86 processors designed and manufactured by AMD. Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of different X86 processors designed and manufactured by AMD. [2] The second processor (after the Opteron) to implement AMD64 architecture and the first 64-bit processor targeted at the average consumer,[3] it is AMD's primary consumer microprocessor, and competes primarily with Intel's Pentium 4, especially the "Prescott" and "Cedar Mill" core revisions. The Opteron is AMD 's X86 server processor line and was the first processor to implement the AMD64 Instruction set architecture (known '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s. The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel 's line of single- core mainstream desktop and Laptop Central processing units (CPUs introduced It is AMD's first K8, eighth-generation processor core for desktop and mobile computers. [4] Despite being natively 64-bit, the AMD64 architecture is backward-compatible with 32-bit x86 instructions. See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal [5] Athlon 64s have been produced for Socket 754, Socket 939, Socket 940, and Socket AM2. Socket 754 is a CPU socket originally developed by AMD to succeed its Athlon XP platform (Socket 462 also referred to as Socket A) Socket 939 is a CPU socket released by AMD in June 2004 to supersede the previous Socket 754 for Athlon 64 processors Chipsets Socket 940 motherboards are currently available with the following chipsets AMD's own 8000-series VIA K8T890 nVidia nForce3 Pro The Socket AM2, renamed from Socket M2 (to prevent using the same name as Cyrix MII processors is a CPU socket designed by AMD for desktop

Contents

History

Athlon 64 3400+ "Newcastle" in Socket 754
Athlon 64 3400+ "Newcastle" in Socket 754

All of the 64-bit processors sold by AMD so far have their genesis in the K8 or Hammer project.

The Athlon 64 was originally codenamed ClawHammer by AMD,[3] and was referred to as such internally and in press releases. The first Athlon 64 FX was based on the first Opteron core, SledgeHammer. The Opteron is AMD 's X86 server processor line and was the first processor to implement the AMD64 Instruction set architecture (known Both cores, produced on a 130 nanometer process, were first introduced on September 23, 2003. A nanometre ( American spelling: nanometer, symbol nm) ( Greek: νάνος nanos dwarf; μετρώ metrό count) is a Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The models first available were the FX-51, fitting Socket 940, and the 3200+, fitting Socket 754. [6] Like the Opteron, on which it was based, the Athlon FX-51 required buffered RAM, increasing the final cost of an upgrade. [7] The week of the Athlon 64's launch, Intel released the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, a CPU designed to compete with the Athlon 64 FX. The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel 's line of single- core mainstream desktop and Laptop Central processing units (CPUs introduced [8] The Extreme Edition was widely considered a marketing ploy to draw publicity away from AMD, and was quickly nicknamed among some circles the "Emergency Edition". [9] Despite a very strong demand for the chip, AMD was plagued by early manufacturing difficulties that made it difficult to deliver Athlon 64s in quantity. In the early months of the Athlon 64 lifespan, AMD could only produce one hundred thousand chips per month. [10] However, it was very competitive in terms of performance to the Pentium 4, with magazine PC World calling it the "fastest yet". PC World is a global Computer magazine published monthly by IDG. [11] "Newcastle" was released soon after ClawHammer, with half the Level 2 cache. In Computer science, a cache (kæʃ like "cash") is a collection of data duplicating original [12]

On June 1, 2004, AMD released new versions of both the ClawHammer and Newcastle core revisions for the newly-introduced Socket 939, an altered Socket 940 without the need for buffered memory. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Socket 939 is a CPU socket released by AMD in June 2004 to supersede the previous Socket 754 for Athlon 64 processors Chipsets Socket 940 motherboards are currently available with the following chipsets AMD's own 8000-series VIA K8T890 nVidia nForce3 Pro [13] Socket 939 offered two main improvements over Socket 754: the memory controller was altered with dual-channel architecture,[14] doubling peak memory bandwidth, and the HyperTransport bus was increased in speed from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz. The memory controller is a chip on a computer's Motherboard or CPU die which manages the flow of data going to and from the memory. Dual-channel architecture describes a technology that theoretically doubles data throughput from RAM to the memory controller. [15] Socket 939 also was introduced in the FX series in the form of the FX-55. [16] At the same time, AMD also began to ship the "Winchester" core, based on a 90 nanometer process.

Core revisions "Venice" and "San Diego" succeeded all previous revisions on April 15, 2005. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Venice, the lower-end part, was produced for both Sockets 754 and 939, and included 512 KiB of L2 cache. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International [17] San Diego, the higher-end chip, was produced only for Socket 939 and doubled Venice's L2 cache to one MiB. A mebibyte (a contraction of me ga bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, abbreviated MiB. [18] Both were produced on the 90 nm fabrication process. [19] Both also included support for the SSE3 instruction set,[20] a new feature that had been included in the rival Pentium 4 since the release of the Prescott core in February 2004. SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions (PNI, is the third iteration of the SSE instruction set for the IA-32 architecture The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel 's line of single- core mainstream desktop and Laptop Central processing units (CPUs introduced [21] In addition, AMD overhauled the memory controller for this revision, resulting in performance improvements as well as support for newer DDR RAM. [22]

Dual-core Athlon 64

Main article: Athlon 64 X2

On April 21, 2005, less than a week after the release of Venice and San Diego, AMD announced its next addition to the Athlon 64 line, the Athlon 64 X2. The Athlon 64 X2 is the first dual-core desktop CPU manufactured by AMD. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Athlon 64 X2 is the first dual-core desktop CPU manufactured by AMD. [23] Released on May 31, 2005,[24] it also initially had two different core revisions available to the public, Manchester and Toledo, the only appreciable difference between them being the amount of L2 cache. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [25] Both were released only for Socket 939. [26] A response to Intel's dual core Pentium D, the Athlon 64 X2 was received very well by reviewers and the general public, with a general consensus emerging that AMD's implementation of multi-core was superior to that of the Pentium D. The Pentium D brand refers to two series of Dual-core 64-bit X86 processors with the NetBurst Microarchitecture manufactured A multi-core processor (or chip-level multiprocessor, CMP) combines two or more independent cores into a single package composed of a single Integrated [27][28] Some felt initially that the X2 would cause market confusion with regard to price points since the new processor was targeted at the same "enthusiast," US$350 and above market[29] already occupied by AMD's existing socket 939 Athlon 64s. [30] AMD's official breakdown of the chips placed the Athlon X2 aimed at a segment they called the "prosumer", along with digital media fans. [24] The Athlon 64 was targeted at the mainstream consumer, and the Athlon FX at gamers. The Sempron budget processor was targeted at value-conscious consumers. Sempron has been the marketing name used by AMD for several different entry level desktop CPUs using several different technologies and CPU socket [31]

DDR2

See also: AMD#Athlon 64 (K8)

The Athlon 64 had been maligned by some critics for some time because of its lack of support for DDR2 SDRAM, an emerging technology that had been adopted much earlier by Intel. [32] AMD's official position was that the CAS latency on DDR2 had not progressed to a point where it would be advantageous for the consumer to adopt it. CAS is an Abbreviation for column address strobe, or sometimes column address select, both referring to the column of the physical memory location [33] AMD finally remedied this gap with the "Orleans" core revision, the first Athlon 64 to fit Socket AM2, released on May 23, 2006. The Socket AM2, renamed from Socket M2 (to prevent using the same name as Cyrix MII processors is a CPU socket designed by AMD for desktop Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [34] "Windsor", an Athlon 64 X2 revision for Socket AM2, was released concurrently. Both Orleans and Windsor have either 512KiB or 1MiB of L2 cache per core. [35] The Athlon 64 FX-62 was also released concurrently on the Socket AM2 platform. [36] Socket AM2 also consumes less power than previous platforms, and supports AMD's virtualization technology. x86 virtualization is the method by which X86 -based "guest" operating systems are run under another "host" x86 operating system with little or no modification [37]

The memory controller used in all DDR2 SDRAM capable processors (Socket AM2), has extended column address range of 11 columns instead of conventional 10 columns, and the support of 16 kb page size, with at most 2048 individual entries supported. A kibibit (a contraction of ki lo bi nary digi' t') is a unit of Information or Computer storage, abbreviated Kibit, An OCZ unbuffered DDR2 kit, optimized for 64-bit operating systems, was released to exploit the functionality provided by the memory controller in socket AM2 processors, allowing the memory controller to stay longer on the same page, thus benefitting graphics intensive applications. OCZ Technology is a manufacturer of Random access memory (RAM and Flash memory based in Sunnyvale California, USA '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination [38]

Features

There are four variants: Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, Mobile Athlon 64 (later renamed "Turion 64") and the dual-core Athlon 64 X2. Turion 64 is the Brand name AMD applies to its 64- Bit low-consumption ( mobile) processors The Athlon 64 X2 is the first dual-core desktop CPU manufactured by AMD. [39] Common among the Athlon 64 line are a variety of instruction sets including MMX, 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, and SSE3. MMX is a single instruction multiple data (SIMD Instruction set designed by Intel, introduced in 1997 in their Pentium line of 3DNow! is the Trade name of a multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors starting with the K6-2 in 1998 S treaming '''S'''IMD E xtensions ( SSE) is a SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data Instruction set extension to the X86 SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the IA-32 SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data Instruction sets SSE2 was first introduced by SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions (PNI, is the third iteration of the SSE instruction set for the IA-32 architecture [40] All Athlon 64s also support the NX bit, a security feature named "Enhanced Virus Protection" by AMD. The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions (or code [41] And as implementations of the AMD64 architecture, all Athlon 64 variants are able to run 16 bit, 32 bit x86, and AMD64 code, through two different modes the processor can run in: "Legacy mode" and "long mode". See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. See the terminology section below for information regarding inconsistent use of the terms assembly and assembler In computing legacy mode is a state in which a computer system component or software application behaves in a way different from its standard operation in order to support older software Legacy mode runs 16-bit and 32-bit programs natively, and long mode runs 64-bit programs natively, but also allows for 32-bit programs running inside a 64-bit operating system. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination [42] All Athlon 64 processors feature 128 kibibytes of level 1 cache, and at least 512 kibibytes of level 2 cache. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International [40]

The Athlon 64 features an on-die memory controller,[5] a feature not previously seen on x86 CPUs. Not only does this mean the controller runs at the same clock rate as the CPU itself, it also means the electrical signals have a shorter physical distance to travel compared to the old northbridge interfaces. The northbridge, also known as the memory controller hub ( MCH) in Intel systems (AMD VIA SiS and others usually use 'northbridge' is traditionally one [43] The result is a significant reduction in latency (response time) for access requests to main memory. [44] The lower latency is often cited as one of the advantages of the Athlon 64's architecture over those of its competitors. [45]

Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) have also been enlarged (40 4k/2M/4M entries in L1 cache, 512 4k entries),[46] with reduced latencies and improved branch prediction, with four times the number of bimodal counters in the global history counter. A Translation lookaside buffer ( TLB) is a CPU cache that is used by memory management hardware to improve the speed of Virtual address [42] This and other architectural enhancements, especially as regards SSE implementation, improve instruction per cycle (IPC) performance over the previous Athlon XP generation. In Computer architecture, Instructions Per Clock ( Instruction Per Cycle or IPC) is a term used to describe one aspect of a processor 's performance [42] To make this easier for consumers to understand, AMD has chosen to market the Athlon 64 using a PR (Performance Rating) system, where the numbers roughly map to Pentium 4 performance equivalents, rather than actual clock speed. The PR ( P erformance R ating system was developed by AMD in the mid-1990s as a method of comparing their X86 processors to those of rival [47]

Athlon 64 also features CPU speed throttling technology branded Cool'n'Quiet, a feature similar to Intel's SpeedStep that can throttle the processor's clock speed back to facilitate lower power consumption and heat production. Cool'n'Quiet is a CPU speed throttling and power saving technology introduced by AMD with their Athlon 64 processor line SpeedStep is a Trademark for a series of technologies (including SpeedStep SpeedStep II and SpeedStep III built into some Intel [48] When the user is running undemanding applications and the load on the processor is light, the processor's clock speed and voltage are reduced. This in turn reduces its peak power consumption (max TDP set at 89 W by AMD) to as low as 32 W (stepping C0, clock speed reduced to 800 MHz) or 22W (stepping CG, clock speed reduced to 1 GHz). Stepping is a designation used by Intel and AMD to identify how much the design of a Microprocessor has advanced from the original design The Athlon 64 also has an Integrated Heat Spreader (IHS) which prevents the CPU core from accidentally being damaged when mounting and unmounting cooling solutions. A heat spreader is most often simply a copper plate having high Thermal conductivity. With prior AMD CPUs a CPU shim could be used by people worried about damaging the core. A CPU shim (also called CPU spacer is a shim used between the CPU and the Heat sink in a computer

The No Execute bit (NX bit) supported by Windows Vista, Windows XP Service Pack 2,[49] Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition, and Linux 2. The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions (or code Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks 6. 8 and higher is also included, for improved protection from malicious buffer overflow security threats. Hardware-set permission levels make it much more difficult for malicious code to take control of the system. It is intended to make 64-bit computing a more secure environment.

The Athlon 64 CPUs have been produced with 130 nm and 90 nm SOI process technologies. Silicon on insulator technology ( SOI) refers to the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon Substrate in place of conventional silicon substrates in semiconductor [50] All of the latest chips (Winchester, Venice and San Diego models) are on 90 nm. The Venice and San Diego models also incorporate dual stress liner technology[51] (an amalgam of strained silicon and 'squeezed silicon', the latter of which is not actually a technology) co-developed with IBM. Strained silicon is a layer of Silicon in which the silicon Atoms are stretched beyond their normal interatomic distance [52]

As the memory controller is integrated onto the CPU die, there is no FSB for the system memory to base its speed upon. [53] Instead, system memory speed is obtained by using the following formula (using the ceiling function):[54]

\frac{\mathrm{CPU~speed}}{\left\lceil\frac{\mathrm{CPU~multiplier}}{\mathrm{DRAM~divider}}\right\rceil}=\mathrm{DRAM~speed}

In simpler terms, the memory is always running at a set fraction of the CPU speed, with the divisor being a whole number. In Mathematics and Computer science, the floor and ceiling functions map Real numbers to nearby Integers The A 'FSB' figure is still used to determine the CPU speed, but the RAM speed is no longer directly related to this 'FSB' figure (known otherwise as the LDT).

To summarize, the Athlon 64 architecture features two buses from the CPU. One is the HT bus to the northbridge connecting the CPU to the chipset and device attachment bus (PCIe, AGP, PCI) and the other is the memory bus which connects the on-board memory controller to the bank of either DDR or DDR2 DRAM.

Athlon 64 FX

The Athlon 64 FX is positioned as a hardware enthusiast product, marketed by AMD especially toward gamers. Historically the term " gamer " usually referred to someone who played Role-playing games or wargames. [55] Unlike the standard Athlon 64, all of the Athlon 64 FX processors have their multipliers completely unlocked. [56] The FX line is now dual-core, starting with the FX-60. [57] The FX always has the highest clock speed of all Athlons at its release. [58] From FX-70 onwards, the line of processors will also support dual-processor setup with NUMA, named AMD Quad FX platform. Non-Uniform Memory Access or Non-Uniform Memory Architecture ( NUMA) is a computer memory design used in Multiprocessors where the memory access The AMD Quad FX platform is an AMD platform targeted at enthusiasts which allows users to plug two Socket F Athlon 64 FX or 2-way Opteron

Athlon 64 X2

Main article: Athlon 64 X2

The Athlon 64 X2 is the first dual-core desktop CPU manufactured by AMD. The Athlon 64 X2 is the first dual-core desktop CPU manufactured by AMD. A multi-core processor (or chip-level multiprocessor, CMP) combines two or more independent cores into a single package composed of a single Integrated A desktop computer is a Personal computer (PC in a form intended for regular use at a single location as opposed to a mobile Laptop or portable computer In 2007, AMD released two final Athlon 64 X2 versions: the AMD Athlon 64 X2 6400+ and 5000+ Black Editions. Both processors feature an unlocked multiplier, which allows for a large range of overclocked settings. The 6400+ is based on a 90nm Windsor core (3. 2GHz, 2x1MB L2, 125W TDP) while the 5000+ is based on a 65nm Brisbane core (2. 6GHz, 2x512KB L2, 65W TDP). These Black Edition processors are available at retail, but AMD does not include heatsinks in the retail package.

Mobile Athlon 64

A line for mobile computing.

Sockets

At the introduction of Athlon 64 in September 2003, only Socket 754 and Socket 940 (Opteron) were ready and available. Socket F is a CPU socket designed by AMD for its Opteron line of CPUs, and released on August 15 2006. Socket F is a CPU socket designed by AMD for its Opteron line of CPUs, and released on August 15 2006. The AMD Quad FX platform is an AMD platform targeted at enthusiasts which allows users to plug two Socket F Athlon 64 FX or 2-way Opteron The Opteron is AMD 's X86 server processor line and was the first processor to implement the AMD64 Instruction set architecture (known The onboard memory controller was not capable of running unbuffered (non-registered) memory in dual-channel mode at the time of release; as a stopgap measure, they introduced the Athlon 64 on Socket 754, and brought out a non-multiprocessor version of the Opteron called the Athlon 64 FX, as a multiplier unlocked enthusiast part for Socket 940, comparable to Intel's Pentium 4 Extreme Edition for the high end market.

In June 2004, AMD released Socket 939 as the mainstream Athlon 64 with dual-channel memory interface, leaving Socket 940 solely for the server market (Opterons), and relegating Socket 754 as a value/budget line, for Semprons and slower versions of the Athlon 64. Eventually Socket 754 replaced Socket A for Semprons. Socket A (also known as Socket 462) is the CPU socket used for AMD processors ranging from the Athlon Thunderbird to the

In May 2006, AMD released Socket AM2, which provided support for the DDR2 memory interface. Also, this marked the release of AMD's Virtualization technology.

In August 2006, AMD released Socket F for Opteron server CPU which uses the LGA chip form factor. The Opteron is AMD 's X86 server processor line and was the first processor to implement the AMD64 Instruction set architecture (known The land grid array ( LGA) is a type of Surface-mount packaging used for Integrated circuits It can be electrically connected

In November 2006, AMD released a specialized version of Socket F, called 1207 FX, for dual-socket, dual-core Athlon FX processors on the Quad FX platform. While Socket F Opterons already allowed for four processor cores, Quad FX allowed unbuffered RAM and expanded CPU/chipset configuration in the BIOS. Consequentially, Socket F and F 1207 FX are incompatible and require different processors, chipsets, and motherboards.

Athlon 64 FX models

Sledgehammer (130 nm SOI)

Clawhammer (130 nm SOI)

San Diego (90 nm SOI)

Toledo (90 nm SOI)

Dual-core CPU

Windsor (90 nm SOI)

Dual-core CPU

Windsor (90 nm SOI) - Quad FX platform

Main article: AMD Quad FX platform

Dual-core, dual CPUs (four cores total)

Athlon 64 models

Clawhammer (130 nm SOI)

Newcastle (130 nm SOI)

Also possible: ClawHammer-512 (Clawhammer with partially disabled L2-Cache)

Winchester (90 nm SOI)

Venice (90 nm SOI)

San Diego (90 nm SOI)

Orleans (90 nm SOI)

Lima (65 nm SOI)

Future products

Main article: AMD K10

The Athlon 64 line is expected to continue to evolve. The Thermal Design Power (TDP (sometimes called Thermal Design Point) represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The AMD K10 is AMD 's latest Microprocessor architecture. Though there were once reports that the K10 had been cancelled, the first third-generation In particular, new models scheduled to be launched in the third quarter of 2007 are to be based on the "K10" microarchitecture. The AMD K10 is AMD 's latest Microprocessor architecture. Though there were once reports that the K10 had been cancelled, the first third-generation The initial offerings are expected to be based on the Agena (quad-core, 2 MiB L3 cache), Agena FX and Kuma (dual-core, 2 MiB L3 cache) cores. A mebibyte (a contraction of me ga bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, abbreviated MiB. A mebibyte (a contraction of me ga bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, abbreviated MiB. These processors will be packaged in the Socket F+ (Agena FX) and Socket AM2+ form factors, but are expected to function in Socket AM2 motherboards as well, with the loss of HyperTransport 3. Socket F+ (also Socket Fr2 internally) is an upcoming CPU Socket for AMD server processors and dual-processor Quad FX platform Socket AM2+ is a CPU socket, which is the immediate successor to Socket AM2 that is currently used by several AMD Processors such as Athlon 0 enhancements, which will only be available with Socket AM2+ motherboards. Processor model information has been reported as follows:[60]

According to the most recent report, the range of K10 desktop microprocessors will no longer use the trademark "Athlon", but will don the new name "Phenom". Subsequent models will use the name "Phenom X2" for dual core variants, "Phenom X4" for quad core variants and "Phenom FX" to replace the current Athlon 64 FX.

See also

References

  1. ^ AMD Ushers in Era of Cinematic Computing with the AMD Athlon 64 FX Processor (2003-09-23). The Athlon 64 microprocessor from AMD is an eighth-generation CPU targeted at the consumer market The Sempron is AMD's newest low-end CPU replacing the Duron processor Turion 64 is the name of a family of CPUs designed by AMD for the mobile computing market Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Retrieved on 2006-07-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
  2. ^ Wasson, Scott (2003-09-23). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English AMD's Athlon 64 Processor. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  3. ^ a b AMD Announces “AMD Athlon 64” As Brand Name For Next-Generation Desktop And Mobile Processors (2002-11-19). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Retrieved on 2006-07-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
  4. ^ CPUID.com - AMD K8 Architecture (2004-02-18). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Retrieved on 2006-07-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
  5. ^ a b Key Architecture Features. Retrieved on 2006-07-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
  6. ^ Spooner, John (2003-09-23). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English AMD's Athlon steps up to 64 bits. CNET. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
  7. ^ AMD Athlon 64 & FX CPU processor. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
  8. ^ Angelini, C. (2003-11-07). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Intel Pentium 4 3.2 GHz Extreme Edition Processor Review. Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  9. ^ De Gelas, Johan (2003-09-23). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX and Pentium 4 Extreme Edition. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
  10. ^ Shilov, Anton (2003-09-22). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians AMD Athlon 64: Strong Demand or Weak Supply?. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
  11. ^ Mainelli, Tom (2003-09-23). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English First Tests of Athlon 64 PCs: Fastest Yet. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  12. ^ Lal Shimpi, Anand (2004-01-06). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King AMD's Athlon 64 3400+: Death of the FX-51. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
  13. ^ Socket 940 vs. 939 (2004-06-27). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  14. ^ Gavrichenkov, Ilya (2004-06-01). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Meeting First Socket 939 Processors: AMD Athlon 64 3800+ and Athlon 64 3500+. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  15. ^ Schmid, Patrick; Bert Töpelt (2004-06-01). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected AMD's Socket 939 Offers More with Much of the Same. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
  16. ^ Gavrichenkov, Ilya (2004-10-18). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid AMD Raises the Bar: AMD Athlon 64 FX-55 and AMD Athlon 64 4000+ CPUs Review. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
  17. ^ Gavrichenkov, Ilya (2005-04-03). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. AMD Athlon 64 3800+ CPU: E3 Processor Core aka Venice at the Door. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  18. ^ King, Greg (2005-09-21). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. AMD64 3700+ San Diego S939 2.2 GHz. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  19. ^ Microprocessor Types and Specifications (2006-06-12). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  20. ^ Wasson, Scott (2005-05-17). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. AMD's Athlon 64 3800+ "Venice" processor. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  21. ^ Enter Prescott: What's different about Intel's latest Pentium 4 variant? (2004-07-01). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  22. ^ Gavrichenkov, Ilya (2005-07-28). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. AMD Athlon 64 Processors on E Core: Memory Controller Peculiarities in Detail. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  23. ^ AMD Announces World’s First 64-Bit, x86 Multi-Core Processors For Servers And Workstations At Second-Anniversary Celebration Of AMD Opteron Processor (2005-04-21). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  24. ^ a b AMD “Shatters The Hourglass” With The Arrival Of The AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core Processor (2005-05-31). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  25. ^ Lal Shimpi, Anand (2005-08-01). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Affordable Dual Core from AMD: Athlon 64 X2 3800+. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  26. ^ Freeman, Vince (2005-11-18). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Athlon 64 X2 4600+ & 4200+ Processor Review. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  27. ^ Brown, Rich (2005-11-23). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of CNET Prizefight: AMD vs. Intel dual-core CPUs. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  28. ^ Schmid, Patrick (2005-05-09). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of AMD's Dual Core Athlon 64 X2 Strikes Hard. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  29. ^ AMD Introduces The AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core Processor 3800+ (2005-08-02). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  30. ^ Bennett, Kyle (2005-05-09). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of AMD Athlon 64 X2 Preview. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  31. ^ AMD Desktop Processor Positioning. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  32. ^ Shrout, Ryan (2005-04-26). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. AMD Athlon 64 Rev F Update: DDR2 and Socket M2?. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  33. ^ Shilov, Anton (2004-03-26). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. AMD Rejects DDR2, Gives Additional Speed Headroom for DDR. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  34. ^ AMD Delivers Desktop Product Powerhouse While Reducing Costs For Ecosystem Partners (2006-05-23). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  35. ^ Romanchenko, Vladimir; Sofronov, Dmitry (2006-05-23). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Debut of AMD AM2: the long-awaited DDR2 on AMD Athlon X2. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  36. ^ Shrout, Ryan (2006-05-23). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne AMD's AM2 Platform: Athlon 64 FX-62 Processor Review. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  37. ^ AMD Socket AM2 Review (2006-05-23). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  38. ^ OCZ product page.
  39. ^ AMD Athlon 64 Processor Family. Retrieved on 2006-07-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
  40. ^ a b AMD Athlon 64 Product Data Sheet (June 2004). Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  41. ^ Breeden II, John. "'No Execute' Flag Waves Off Buffer Attacks", The Washington Post, 2005-02-27, p. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation  F07. Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000  
  42. ^ a b c The Athlon 64 FX-51 Processor (2003-09-23). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  43. ^ AMD Athlon64 3200+ 32/64-bit Processor Review. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  44. ^ Tong, Terren (2005-05-03). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Athlon 64 Venice 3800+ Review. Retrieved on 2006-07-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
  45. ^ Athlon 64 Vs. Pentium 4. Retrieved on 2006-07-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
  46. ^ A Glance at the Future: AMD Hammer Processors and x86-64 Technology (2002-08-14). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  47. ^ AMD Athlon XP/MP, Sempron and Athlon 64 model numbers. Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  48. ^ Cool'n'Quiet Technology Overview. Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  49. ^ Grevstad, Eric (2004-05-24). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned CPU-Based Security: The NX Bit. Retrieved on 2006-07-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
  50. ^ Wasson, Scott (2004-10-04). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas AMD 90 nm power consumption measured. Retrieved on 2006-09-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  51. ^ Gavrichenkov, Ilya (2005-04-03). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. AMD Athlon 64 3800+ CPU: E3 Processor Core aka Venice at the Door. Retrieved on 2006-09-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  52. ^ AMD, IBM Dual Stress Liner Semiconductor Manufacturing Breakthrough (2004-12-13). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Retrieved on 2006-09-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  53. ^ Front Side Bus (2006-09-09). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Retrieved on 2006-09-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  54. ^ PC Magazine
  55. ^ AMD Athlon 64 FX Processor Product Brief. Retrieved on 2006-07-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
  56. ^ Leeth, Tim (2006-07-05). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. AMD Athlon 64 FX-60 Review. Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  57. ^ Lal Shimpi, Anand (2006-01-09). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. AMD Athlon 64 FX-60: A Dual-Core farewell to Socket-939. Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  58. ^ Schmid, Patrick; Töpelt, Bert (2006-01-10). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. AMD Athlon FX-60's Dual-Core Assault. Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
  59. ^ DialyTech report: AMD Opteron 2200-series Works in Quad FX Motherboards.
  60. ^ Pullen, Dean. "Further AMD next-gen specs roll out", The Inquirer. Retrieved on 2007-03-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king  

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic