An athletic scholarship is a form of scholarship to attend a college or university awarded to an individual based predominantly on his or her ability to play in a sport. A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual student scholar for the purpose of furthering their Education College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Athletic scholarships are common in the United States, but in many countries they are rare or non-existent. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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United States
In the United States, athletic scholarships are largely regulated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, which sets minimum standards for both the individuals awarded the scholarships (in terms of GPAs and standardized test scores) and for the institutions granting them (in terms of the form and value of the scholarships and the proportion of recipients who must ultimately earn degrees). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations In Education, a grade (or mark is a teacher's standardized Evaluation of a Student 's work
In 1973, the NCAA split its membership into three divisions: Division I, Division II, and Division III. Division I (or D-I) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States Division II (or DII) is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Division III (or DIII) is a division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association of the United States. Under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships. A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual student scholar for the purpose of furthering their Education Generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III.
Division I football is further divided into the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, formerly I-A) and Football Championship Subdivision (FCS, formerly I-AA). The two differ in several ways:
- Postseason system: FBS uses postseason bowl games, while FCS uses a 16-team knockout playoff. In the United States, a bowl game is traditionally a post-season College football game however the term "bowl" has become synonymous with a major American
- Number of football scholarships: FBS schools are allowed 85 players receiving athletic aid, while FCS schools are allowed 63 scholarships. The wording is a very important distinction for another reason.
- Awarding of partial scholarships: Because each player receiving athletic aid for football counts fully against an FBS team's scholarship limit, this effectively means that all players awarded football scholarships at FBS schools receive full scholarships. On the other hand, FCS schools are allowed to divide their 63 scholarships among no more than 85 individual players.
Some schools or leagues permitted by the NCAA to award athletic scholarships nevertheless prohibit them among their students. An example is the Ivy League, which is part of Division I FCS. The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The three service academies that participate in Division I FBS football (Army, Navy, and Air Force) are exempt from NCAA scholarship limits because all students at those schools, whether or not they are varsity athletes, receive full scholarships from the service branch that operates the academy. The United States Service academies, also known as the United States Military Academies, are federal academies for the undergraduate education and training of "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States The United States Air Force Academy ( USAFA or Air Force) is an accredited college for the undergraduate education of officers for the United States Air
Institutions that engage in misconduct may be stripped of the ability to award a certain number of athletic scholarships. The ultimate penalty, the suspension of an entire athletic program from participation for a set period of time, is popularly known as "The Death Penalty"; it has only been levied twice: against Kentucky basketball in 1952 and SMU football in 1986. The death penalty refers to the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's (NCAA power to force United States academic institutions not to compete in certain sports The Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team representing the University of Kentucky, is the winningest team in the history of College basketball, The SMU Mustangs is the name of the athletic teams representing Southern Methodist University.
Other countries
In other countries athletic scholarships are far more restricted.
Canada
In Canada, for instance, Canadian Interuniversity Sport rules ban all entrance scholarships for athletics, and athletes can only get funding once they enter their second year of school. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS is the national Governing body of University sport in Canada, comprised of the majority of degree granting universities Even then the amount is based on the total team due to Ceiling Rules (Not one student can receive the bulk of the award, it has to be shared among his team members equally). It is not capped as previously mentioned. Ontario, which is home to many of Canada's largest universities, has even stricter rules. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Less than a quarter of CIS athletes receive scholarships for their abilities. Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS is the national Governing body of University sport in Canada, comprised of the majority of degree granting universities A major consequence of this is that many of Canada's top young athletes go to a university in the United States, where they can get much larger scholarships. This also may be one reason that two schools in the Vancouver area have attempted to petition to enter the NCAA in recent years. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Simon Fraser University unsuccessfully tried to enter the NCAA in 2000, while the University of British Columbia is currently seeking NCAA membership. The Simon Fraser Clan are the athletic teams that represent Simon Fraser University in Burnaby British Columbia, Canada. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The University of British Columbia ( UBC) is a Canadian public research University with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna The UBC Thunderbirds are the athletic teams that represent the University of British Columbia in the University Endowment Lands just outside the city limits of
**Note - As stated on the CIS website: • tuition and compulsory fees is the maximum amount you can receive for athletic-related awards in an academic year, including athletic-related bursaries.
• the value and quantity of athletic-related awards and bursaries available varies from institution to institution.
• specific awards and bursaries may have additional conditions, such as academic success and citizenship, beyond what is stated here.
• many awards, such as academic awards or awards provided by Sport Governing Bodies or the Federal and Provincial Governments, are not included within the tuition and compulsory fees maximum; please consult your Athletic Department.
• you are eligible to receive an award or bursary at the beginning of your first year at a university (September) if ?you have a minimum entering average of 80% or equivalent.
• alternatively, you are eligible to receive an award at the end of your first year at a university (spring or summer) if you satisfy CIS academic requirements with at least a 65% average or equivalent.
thereafter, you are eligible to receive an award at the beginning of any year if you satisfy CIS academic requirements with at least a 65% average or equivalent in the preceding year.
United Kingdom
Few, if any, UK Universities offer Sports Scholarships, though some Universities such as Bath and Loughborough are centres of sporting excellence. Football clubs in the UK have academies in which to train future talent, and the FA is currently looking at developing a National Football Academy. There is a national sports academy in Sheffield and there are a number of other academies in the UK relating to different sports. The British University Sports Association oversees University Sports and Sports UK also offer scholarships to talented youngsters.
Arguments for and against sports scholarships
Critics have labelled the term to be an oxymoron, stating that physically talented persons selected for their ability to run, jump, throw, kick or hit a ball are retained to staff a school's teams, and paid for their services while being classified as "scholars". Some critics of the athletic scholarship system have coined the term "jockship" to describe the awards. The term is based on the word jock, a mildly derisive American slang term that plays on the stereotype of the "dumb athlete". The term jock is a classic North American Stereotype of a male athlete. A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group
Such scholarships have been characterised as salaries paid to the persons selected in order to induce them to perform for the hiring school. A salary is a form of periodic payment from an Employer to an Employee, which may be specified in an Employment contract. (The characterization of the salary as a "scholarship" is deemed necessary because, generally, at most American colleges, participation as a member of the school's athletic teams is a privilege accorded exclusively to enrolled students, and team members are, in theory, amateurs. )
Supporters point out that many students would be unable to receive a higher education at all, but for the availability of athletic scholarships. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Whereas academic scholarships are predominantly awarded to students coming from middle and upper class backgrounds (who could afford a better education in the first place), athletic scholarships tend to go to poorer, less privileged students, more often from minority backgrounds.
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