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2003 Transit of Mercury
2003 Transit of Mercury

The term transit or astronomical transit has three meanings in astronomy:

Star transits in a small telescope (FOV ~2°). Two stars passing the vertical thread
Star transits in a small telescope (FOV ~2°). Two stars passing the vertical thread

The rest of this article refers to the first kind of transit.

Contents

Definition

The word "transit" refers to cases where the nearer object appears considerably smaller in apparent size than the more distant object. Cases where the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object are known as occultations. In Shia Islam The Occultation is a term used to designate the hidden state of the Imam of the Time. Cases where one object moves into the shadow of another are known as eclipses. An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when one Celestial object moves into the shadow of another Each of these three terms are the visible effects of a syzygy. In broadest terms Syzygy (ˈsɪzɪʤi is a kind of unity especially through coordination or alignment most commonly used in the Astronomical and/or Astrological

One example of a transit involves the motion of a planet between a terrestrial observer and the Sun. A planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU is a celestial body Orbiting a Star or stellar remnant that is EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. This can happen only with inferior planets, namely Mercury and Venus (see transit of Mercury and transit of Venus). The terms " inferior planet " and " superior planet " were originally used in the Ptolemaic Cosmology to differentiate those planets The VENUS ( V ictoria E xperimental N etwork U nder the S ea project is a cabled sea floor observatory operated by the University Transit of Mercury Closeup - Nov 8 2006jpg|right|thumb|300px|Close-up of Mercury during the Nov A transit of Venus across the Sun takes place when the Planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and Earth, obscuring a small portion of the However, as seen from outer planets such as Mars, the Earth itself transits the Sun on occasion. A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars obscuring

Io transits across Jupiter as seen by Cassini spacecraft
Io transits across Jupiter as seen by Cassini spacecraft
Dione transits Titan, as seen by the Cassini probe; in the background, little Prometheus is occulted by the rings of Saturn
Dione transits Titan, as seen by the Cassini probe; in the background, little Prometheus is occulted by the rings of Saturn

The term can also be used to describe the motion of a satellite across its parent planet, for instance one of the Galilean satellites (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto) across Jupiter, as seen from Earth. TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Io (ˈaɪoʊ, or as Greek Cassini–Huygens is a joint NASA / ESA / ASI Robotic spacecraft mission currently studying the planet Saturn and its TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Dione (daɪˈoʊni, or as in Greek TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Titan (ˈtaɪtən, or as TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Prometheus (proʊˈmiːθiəs,, or In Shia Islam The Occultation is a term used to designate the hidden state of the Imam of the Time. Saturn has the most extensive Planetary ring system of any planet in the Solar System. A natural satellite or moon is a Celestial body that Orbits a Planet or smaller body which is called the primary. TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Io (ˈaɪoʊ, or as Greek TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Europa (jʊˈroʊpə; or as TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Ganymede (ˈgænɨmiːd, or as Greek TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Callisto (kəˈlɪstoʊ, or as Greek EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001

A transit requires three bodies to be lined up in a single line. More rare are cases where four bodies are lined up. The one closest to the present occurred on April 27, 1586, when Mercury transited the Sun as seen from Venus at the same time as a transit of Mercury from Saturn and a transit of Venus from Saturn. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated A transit of Mercury across the Sun as seen from Venus takes place when the planet Mercury passes directly between the Sun and Venus, obscuring a small A transit of Mercury across the Sun as seen from Saturn takes place when the planet Mercury passes directly between the Sun and Saturn obscuring A transit of Venus across the Sun as seen from Saturn takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and Saturn, obscuring a small part

In recent years the discovery of extrasolar planets has excited interest in the possibility of detecting their transits across their own stellar primaries. An extrasolar planet, or exoplanet, is a Planet beyond the Solar System, orbiting around other Stars As of September 2008 312 A star is a massive luminous ball of plasma. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the Energy on Earth HD 209458b is the first such transiting planet to be discovered. HD 209458 b, also unofficially named Osiris, is an Extrasolar planet that orbits the Solar twin Star HD 209458 in the constellation

Mutual planetary transits and occultations

In rare cases, one planet can transit in front of another. The next time this will happen (as seen from Earth) will be on November 22, 2065 at about 12:43 UTC, when Venus near superior conjunction (with an angular diameter of 10. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Notable predictions and known events 2061 Expected expiration of the Singapore-Malaysia Water Agreement. Conjunction is a term used in Positional astronomy and Astrology. The angular diameter of an object as seen from a given position is the "visual diameter" of the object measured as an angle 6") will transit in front of Jupiter (with an angular diameter of 30. 9"); however, this will take place only 8° west of the Sun, and will therefore not be visible to the unaided/unprotected eye. When the nearer object has a larger angular diameter than the farther object, thus covering it completely, the event is not a transit but an occultation. The angular diameter of an object as seen from a given position is the "visual diameter" of the object measured as an angle In Shia Islam The Occultation is a term used to designate the hidden state of the Imam of the Time. Before transiting Jupiter, Venus will occult Jupiter's moon Ganymede at around 11:24 UTC as seen from some southernmost parts of Earth. A natural satellite or moon is a Celestial body that Orbits a Planet or smaller body which is called the primary. TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Ganymede (ˈgænɨmiːd, or as Greek Parallax will cause actual observed times to vary by a few minutes, depending on the precise location of the observer. Parallax is an apparent displacement or difference of orientation of an object viewed along two different lines of sight and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between

There are only 18 mutual planetary transits and occultations as seen from Earth between 1700 and 2200. Note the long break of events between 1818 and 2065.

A simulation of Venus transiting Jupiter, as it did on January 3, 1818.
A simulation of Venus transiting Jupiter, as it did on January 3, 1818. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1702 ( MDCCII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1705 ( MDCCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The VENUS ( V ictoria E xperimental N etwork U nder the S ea project is a cabled sea floor observatory operated by the University

The 1737 event was observed by John Bevis at Greenwich Observatory - it is the only detailed account of a mutual planetary occultation. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Notable predictions and known events 2061 Expected expiration of the Singapore-Malaysia Water Agreement. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Notable predictions and known events 2061 Expected expiration of the Singapore-Malaysia Water Agreement. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Notable predictions and known events 2070 February - An Active SETI message called Teen Age Message sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Notable predictions and known events 2082 All Classified information held by the British Government about the Falklands War Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor The 2090s is a Decade that will start in the year 2090 and end in the year 2099. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. The 22nd century of the Common Era will span the years 2101&ndash2200 of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat The 22nd century of the Common Era will span the years 2101&ndash2200 of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French The 22nd century of the Common Era will span the years 2101&ndash2200 of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a John Bevis ( October 31[[ 693]] or November 10[[ 695]] &ndash November 6, 1771) was an English doctor and Astronomer The Royal Observatory Greenwich (formerly the Royal Greenwich Observatory or RGO) was commissioned in 1675 by King Charles II, with the A transit of Mars across Jupiter on 12 Sep 1170 was observed by the monk Gervase at Canterbury, and by Chinese astronomers. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Canterbury ( ˈkæntəbɹ̩i is a City in eastern Kent in the South East region of England.

Contacts

During a transit there are four "contacts", when the circumference of the small circle (small body disk) touches the circumference of the large circle (large body disk) at a single point. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe 2022 ( MMXXII) will be a Common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. The circumference is the distance around a closed Curve. Circumference is a kind of Perimeter. The contacts happen in the following order:

See also

For transit of planets in front of others, see also occultation. A transit of a minor planet across the Sun takes place when the minor planet passes directly between the Sun and the observer obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc Vulcan was a small Planet proposed to exist in an Orbit between Mercury and the Sun in a 19th-century hypothesis A transit of Phobos across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when Phobos passes directly between the Sun and a point on the surface of Mars obscuring A transit of Deimos across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when Deimos passes directly between the Sun and a point on the surface of Mars obscuring The Kepler Mission is a Space Photometer being developed by NASA. In Astrology, an aspect is an Angle the planets make to each other in the horoscope and also to the ascendant midheaven descendant and nadir In Shia Islam The Occultation is a term used to designate the hidden state of the Imam of the Time.

External references

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