Astrochemistry is the study of the chemical elements found in outer space, generally on larger scales than the Solar System, particularly in molecular gas clouds, and the study of their formation, interaction and destruction. A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. The Solar System consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by Gravity. See also Solar nebula A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery if Star formation is occurring within is a type of Interstellar As such, it represents an overlap of the disciplines of astronomy and chemistry. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties On the Solar System scale, the study of chemical elements is usually called cosmochemistry. The Solar System consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by Gravity. Cosmochemistry is concerned with the origin and development of the elements and their Isotopes primarily within the Solar System.

Astrochemistry involves the use of telescopes to measure various aspects of bodies in space, such as their temperature and composition. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature Findings from the use of spectroscopy in chemistry laboratories can be employed in determining the types of molecules in astronomical bodies (e. Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between Radiation and Matter as a function of Wavelength (λ g. a star or an interstellar cloud). A star is a massive luminous ball of plasma. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the Energy on Earth Interstellar cloud is the generic name given to an accumulation of gas plasma and dust in our and other galaxies. The various characteristics of molecules reveal themselves in their spectra, yielding a unique spectral representation corresponding for a molecule. However, there are limitations on measurements due to electromagnetic interference and, more problematic, the chemical properties of some molecules. For example, the most common molecule (H₂, hydrogen gas), does not have a dipole moment, so it is not detected by radio telescopes. Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 In physics there are two kinds of dipoles ( Hellènic: di(s- = two- and pòla = pivot hinge An electric dipole is a Much easier to detect with radio waves, due to its strong electric dipole moment, is CO (carbon monoxide). In physics there are two kinds of dipoles ( Hellènic: di(s- = two- and pòla = pivot hinge An electric dipole is a Over a hundred molecules (including radicals and ions) have been reported so far, including a wide variety of organic compounds, such as alcohols, acids, aldehydes, and ketones. There have been claims regarding interstellar glycine,^[1] the simplest amino acid, but with considerable accompanying controversy. Glycine (abbreviated as Gly or G) is the Organic compound with the formula NH2CH2COOH In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this ^[2] Research is progressing on the way interstellar and circumstellar molecules form and interact, and this research could have a profound impact on our understanding of the origin of life on earth.

The sparseness of interstellar and interplanetary space results in some unusual chemistry, since symmetry-forbidden reactions cannot occur except on the longest of timescales. For this reason, molecules and molecular ions which are unstable on Earth can be highly abundant in space, for example the H₃⁺ ion. Protonated molecular hydrogen, trihydrogen cation, or H3+

Astrochemistry overlaps with astrophysics and nuclear physics in characterizing the nuclear reactions which occur in stars, the consequences for stellar evolution, as well as stellar 'generations'. Astrophysics is the branch of Astronomy that deals with the Physics of the Universe, including the physical properties ( Luminosity, Nuclear physics is the field of Physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of Atomic nuclei. Stellar evolution is the process by which a Star undergoes a sequence of radical changes during its lifetime Indeed, the nuclear reactions in stars produce every naturally-occurring chemical element. A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. As the stellar 'generations' advance, the mass of the newly-formed elements increases. A first-generation star uses elemental hydrogen (H) as a fuel source and produces helium (He). Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical Hydrogen is the most abundant element, and it is the basic building block for all other elements as its nucleus has only one proton. The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive Gravitational pull toward the center of a star creates massive amounts of heat and pressure, which cause nuclear fusion. In Physics and Nuclear chemistry, nuclear fusion is the process by which multiple- like charged atomic nuclei join together to form a heavier nucleus Through this process of merging nuclear mass, heavier elements are formed. Lithium, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are examples of elements that form in stellar fusion. Lithium (ˈlɪθiəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Li and Atomic number 3 Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the After many stellar generations, very heavy elements are formed (e. g. iron and lead). Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly

References

See also

• List of molecules in interstellar space
• Molecular astrophysics
• Interstellar medium
• Nucleocosmochronology
• Wikiversity:Topic:Astrochemistry

External links

• Astrochemistry division of the International Astronomical Union

Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Molecules Atomic astrophysics is concerned with performing Atomic physics calculations that will be useful to astronomers and using atomic data to interpret astronomical observations Nucleocosmochronology, also known as cosmochronology, is a relatively new technique used to determine timescales for astrophysical objects and events

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