Since World War I, the Assyrian diaspora has steadily increased so that there are now more Assyrians living in western and eastern Europe, North America and Australia, than in the Middle East. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. At the turn of the century the Christian population in the Ottoman Empire had numbered about 5,000,000. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish When the Turks' massacres ended in 1923, about 20,000 Greeks, 10,000 Armenians and 30,000 Assyrians remained. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. The Civil War in Lebanon, the coming into power of the Islamic republic of Iran, the Ba'thist dictatorship in Iraq, and the present-day unrest in Iraq pushed even more Assyrians on the roads of exile. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Arab Socialist Ba'th Party (also spelled Baath or Ba'ath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي was founded in Damascus For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. [1]
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Assyrians came to Russia and the Soviet Union in three main waves: The first wave was after the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828, that delineated a border between Russia and Persia. The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Nineveh plains ( Mosul plains, Assyria among others Assyrian: Deshta d-Ninwe ܕܫܬܐ ܕܢܝܘܐ) is a region in the Ninawa Governorate Dahuk (also Dohuk or Duhok) is one of the Governorates of Iraq. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Qamishli ( Arabic: القامشلي, Syriac: ܩܡܫܠܝ ܩܡܫܠܐ or Beth-Zalin ܒܝܬ ܙܠܝܢ Kurdish: Qamişlo A large part of the Assyrian and Syriac population in Syria settled there at the beginning of the French Mandate of Syria as refugees from the now Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The number of Assyrians and Syriacs in Germany is estimated to be about 90000 with 70000 being Western Syriacs or belonging to the Syriac Orthodox Church and 20000 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Assyrian Americans or Chaldean Americans constitute the third-largest population of Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac in the world and the largest in the Assyrian diaspora "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. In the latter part of the 1970s about 12000 Syriac Orthodox christians from Lebanon, Turkey and Syria immigrated to Sweden. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern Amman (ɑˈmɑːn sometimes spelled Ammann ( Arabic عمان ʿAmmān) is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Assyrians in Russia number up to 14000 Assyrians according to the 2002 census For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of The once thriving '''Assyrian''' community in Iran was diminished from around 200000 at the close of the 20th century to a mere 15000 to 20000 (total population of Iran is Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Peristeri ( Greek: Περιστέρι standing for "pigeon/dove" in Greek older forms Peristerio and Peristerion is a suburban municipality Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Hamilton (ˈhæməltən ( 2006 population 504559 UA population 647634 CMA population Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Canada's Assyrian community has a history in Canada dating back to 1902 Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Tur Abdin ( Syriac:ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ is a hilly region of south east Turkey incorporating the eastern half of Mardin Province, and Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Hakkâri is a city in the far southeast of Turkey. The name Hakkâri comes from the Aramaic Akkare (ܐܟܪ̈ܐ meaning 'farmers' Ottoman Assyrians/Syriacs The Ottoman Empire, before it began to decay had an elaborate system of administering the non-Muslim " People of the Book. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Assyrian/Syriac-Dutch (Assyrische/Syrischen-Nederlanders are citizens of The Netherlands of Assyrian / Syriacs ancestry The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Assyrians in Armenia (Ասորիներ Asoriner) make up the country's third largest ethnic minority after Yazidis and Russians. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор Persian: عهدنامه ترکمنچای was a treaty negotiated in Turkmenchay by which Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Many Assyrians found themselves suddenly under Russian sovereignty and thousands of relatives crossed the border to join them.
The second wave was a result of the repression and violence during and after World War I.
The third wave came after World War II, when Moscow unsuccessfully tried to establish a satellite state in Iranian Kurdistan. The Republic of Mahabad ( Kurdish: Komarî Mehabad, Persian: جمهوری مهاباد) officially known as Republic of Kurdistan and established Soviet troops withdrew in 1946, and left the Assyrians exposed to exactly the same kind of retaliation that they had suffered from the Turks 30 years earlier. Again, many Assyrians found refuge in the Soviet Union, this time mainly in the cities. From 1937 to 1959, the Assyrian population in USSR grew by 587. 3%[18]
Soviet power in the thirties repressed the Assyrians' religion and persecuted religious and other leaders.
In recent years, the Assyrians have tended to assimilate with Armenians, but their cultural and ethnic identity, strengthened through centuries of hardships, found new expression under Glasnost. (Гла́сность)is literally defined as publicity and sometimes figuratively interpreted as "tipping a vase to let someone see into the vase but not the bottom of the vase"
estimates on December 31, 1944, by province (Muhafazat)[37]
| denomination | Beyrouth | Mount Lebanon | North Lebanon | South Lebanon | Biqa' | Total |
| Syriac Catholics | 4,089 | 275 | 169 | 9 | 442 | 4,984 |
| Syriac Orthodox | 2,070 | 209 | 100 | 22 | 1,352 | 3,753 |
| Chaldeans | 974 | 120 | 1 | 10 | 225 | 1,330 |
1932 census and further estimates
| denomination | 1932 census[38] | 1944 estimates[39] | 1954 estimates[40] |
| Syriac Catholics | 2,675 | 4,984 | . Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Yerevan (Երևան Երեւան or Երեվան ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan Hakkâri is a city in the far southeast of Turkey. The name Hakkâri comes from the Aramaic Akkare (ܐܟܪ̈ܐ meaning 'farmers' Salmās or Salamas (سلماس also Shahpur, Dīlman, and Dīlmagān, is a city and a district in West Azarbaijan Province of Rostov (Росто́в Old Norse: Rostofa is one of the oldest towns in Russia and an important tourist centre of the so called Golden Krasnodar (Краснода́р is a city in Southern Russia on the Kuban River. Assyrians in Armenia (Ասորիներ Asoriner) make up the country's third largest ethnic minority after Yazidis and Russians. The Yazidi (also Yezidi, Kurdish: ئزیدی or Êzidî, Arabic: يزيدي or ايزدي Assyrian/Syriac: ܓ̰ܠܟܝܐ is a The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Almaty ( Алматы; formerly known as Alma-Ata ( Алма-Ата) also Verniy, (Верный is the largest city in Kazakhstan Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. . |
| Chaldeans | 528 | 1,330 | . . |
| Syriac Orthodox | 2,574 | 3,753 | 4,200 |
| Assyrian "Nestorians" | 800 | 1,200 | 1,400 |
Assyrians in Belgium came mostly as refugees from the Turkish towns of Midyat and Mardin in Tur Abdin, most of them are Syriac Orthodox (Süryani), some Chaldean Catholics (Keldani). The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Midyat ( Turoyo / Aramaic: ܡܕܝܕ Mëḏyaḏ, Arabic: Midyad) is a district of Mardin Province Mardin is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province, it is known for its Arab -style architecture and for its strategic location Tur Abdin ( Syriac:ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ is a hilly region of south east Turkey incorporating the eastern half of Mardin Province, and Their three main settlements are in Brussels (municipalities of Saint-Josse-ten-Noode - where they've got their only elected municipal councilman, the Christian Democrat Ibrahim Erkan, originally from Turkey -, Brussels and Etterbeek), Liège and in Mechelen. Sint-Joost-ten-Node ( Dutch) or Saint-Josse-ten-Noode ( French, usually shortened to Saint-Josse) is one of the nineteen municipalities Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Etterbeek is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. Liège (ljɛːʒ Older English: Luick, Walloon: Lidje, German: Lüttich; Latin: Leodium, Dutch Mechelen ( Mechlin in English is a Dutch-speaking city and municipality in the province of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium. Since the October 8, 2006 municipal elections they've got two more councilmen, in Etterbeek, the Liberal Sandrine Es (whose family came from Turkey) and the Christian Democrat Ibrahim Hanna (originally from Syria's Khabur region). Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Christian Democrat candidate in Mechelen, Melikan Kucam, was not elected. The Flemish writer August Thiry wrote the book Mechelen aan de Tigris (Mechelen on Tigris) about the Assyrian refugees from the village of Hassana in SE Turkey, district of Silopi. Melikan Kucam was one of them.
There are believed to be some 15,000, mainly concentrated in the northern French suburbs of Sarcelles, Gonnesse and Villiers-le-Bel. Sarcelles is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. They are drawn from the same few villages in what is now south west Turkey.
The first migrants of Assyrian stock in Greece came in 1934, and settled in the areas of Makronisos (today uninhabited), Keratsini (Pireus), Egaleo and Kalamata. Makronisos (Μακρόνησος long island) is an Island in the Aegean sea, in Greece and is located close to the coast of Attica Keratsini ( Greek, Modern Κερατσίνι Ancient/ Katharevousa -on older forms Keratsinio and Keratsinion is a suburb in the west southwestern Piraeus (pɪˈræʊs Πειραιάς, piɾeˈas Πειραιεύς, piɾeˈefs is a city in the periphery of Attica, Greece, and a Aegaleo, commonly Aigaleo or Egaleo (Greek Αιγάλεω is a municipality west of Athens, Greece, situated west of the Cephissos Kalamata (Καλαμάτα Kalamáta, formerly Καλάμαι Kalámai) is the second-largest city of the Peloponnese in southern Greece [47] Today, the vast majority of Assyrians live in Peristeri, a suburb of Athens, and they number about 2,000. Peristeri ( Greek: Περιστέρι standing for "pigeon/dove" in Greek older forms Peristerio and Peristerion is a suburban municipality Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's [48] There are five Assyrian Christian marriages recorded at St. Pauls Anglican Church in Athens in 1924-25 (the transcripts can be viewed on St. Pauls Anglican Church website), thus indicating the beginning of the appearance of refugees at that time. The absence of further marriages at St. Pauls possibly indicates the arrival of a Nestorian clergyman in Athens shortly after 1925.
The first Assyrians came to the Netherlands in the 1970s; most of them were Western Assyrians from Turkey. The Assyrian Genocide (also known as Sayfo or Seyfo; Aramaic: ܩܛܠܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ or ܣܝܦܐ The Assyrian/Syriac-Dutch (Assyrische/Syrischen-Nederlanders are citizens of The Netherlands of Assyrian / Syriacs ancestry Today the number of Assyrians is estimated to be between 25,000 and 35,000 and they mainly live in the east of the country, in the province of Overijssel, in such cities as Enschede, Hengelo, Almelo and Borne. Overijssel (Transiselania is a Province of the Netherlands in the central eastern part of the country or Eanske in the local dialect ( Twents) is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands, in the province of Overijssel, in the This article is about the city in Overijssel Netherlands For the town in Gelderland Netherlands see Hengelo Gelderland. Almelo is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands.
In the latter part of the 1970s, about 12,000 Syrian Orthodox Assyrians from Lebanon, Turkey and Syria immigrated to Sweden. In the latter part of the 1970s about 12000 Syriac Orthodox christians from Lebanon, Turkey and Syria immigrated to Sweden. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية They considered themselves persecuted for religious reasons but were never acknowledged as refugees. Those who had already lived in Sweden for a longer period were finally granted residence permit for humanitarian reasons. [49]
As with other Northern European countries, there is a dividing line in Sweden between the Aramaic speaking Christians. While the vast majority consider themselves Assyrian, there is a sizeable minority who refer to themselves as Syriac (Syrianska in Swedish. See Syriac (disambiguation for other uses Syriac (syr ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ leššānā Suryāyā) is an Eastern Aramaic language ) They are mostly members of the Syriac Orthodox Church, but its important to note that not all Syriac Orthodox members identify with being Syriac only, as the majority of those who call themselves Assyrian are Syraic Orthodox as well. The Syriac Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Oriental Orthodox church based in the Middle East with members spread throughout the world [50]
Södertälje in Sweden is often seen as the unofficial Assyrian capital of Europe due to the city's high percentage of Assyrians and the Swedish professional football (soccer) team Assyriska, which played in the top Swedish football league (Allsvenskan) in 2005, is often viewed as a substitute national team by the diaspora and has fans worldwide. is a city in Södermanland in east central Sweden about 30 km south of Stockholm, and is the seat of Södertälje Municipality, "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Assyriska Föreningen is a Swedish Assyrian based football club based in Södertälje. Allsvenskan (literally "The All Swedish" is the highest league in the league system of Swedish football. The international Suroyo TV which broadcast in the Assyrian language is also based in Sweden.
Between 2005 and 2006, there was an Assyrian minister in the Swedish government, Ibrahim Baylan. Ibrahim Baylan (1972 &ndash is a social democratic Politician.
Assyrians in Switzerland came mostly as refugees from the Turkish towns of Midyat, Mardin and Azakh(Idil) in Tur Abdin, most of them are Syriac Orthodox (Süryani). Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Midyat ( Turoyo / Aramaic: ܡܕܝܕ Mëḏyaḏ, Arabic: Midyad) is a district of Mardin Province Mardin is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province, it is known for its Arab -style architecture and for its strategic location İdil ( Syriac: Azekh) is a district of Şırnak Province of Turkey, traditionally a town dominated by Syriacs, but in later times dominated Tur Abdin ( Syriac:ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ is a hilly region of south east Turkey incorporating the eastern half of Mardin Province, and The Syriac Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Oriental Orthodox church based in the Middle East with members spread throughout the world They mainly live in the east of the country in the Canton of St. Gallen (Wil-Area) and in Baden about 20km from Zurich. The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the states of the Federal state of Switzerland. The Canton of St Gallen (German Kanton) is a canton of Switzerland. Baden is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau, on the west bank of the river Limmat, 25 km northwest of Zürich Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the A big part of the Assyrians in Switzerland also live in the Italian part of Switzerland in the Canton of Ticino, mostly in Lugano and Locarno. The Linguistic geography of Switzerland is on the main tripartite with the Swiss German region ( Deutschschweiz) in the northeast The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the states of the Federal state of Switzerland. Canton Ticino or Ticino ( Italian: tiˈtʃiːno French and German: Tessin and) is the southernmost canton of Lugano ( Latin language: Luganum) is a town (52993 inhabitants a total of 130000 people in the agglomeration in the south of Switzerland, in the Locarno is the capital of the Locarno district, located on the northern tip of Lake Maggiore ( Lago Maggiore) in the Swiss canton of