Asian people,[1] Asiatic[2] or Asian Continental Ancestry Group[2] is a demonym for people from Asia. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Notions of race based on Human genetic variation have replaced historical approaches such as Craniology with the advent of Human genetics in Human genetic variation is the natural variation in gene frequencies observed between the genomes of individuals or groups of humans The historical definition of race was an immutable and distinct type or Species, sharing distinct racial characteristics such as constitution temperament Race and health research is mostly from the United States. It has found both current and historical racial differences in the frequency treatments and availability of treatments The study of race and intelligence is a controversial field which seeks to determine whether or not human intellectual abilities vary between races The modern controversy Social interpretation of physical variation Incongruities of racial classifications Even as the idea of "race" was becoming a powerful organizing principle in many List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Anti-miscegenation laws, also known as miscegenation laws, were laws that banned Interracial marriage and sometimes interracial sex between whites and members of other Racialism is an emphasis on race or racial considerations Racialism entails a belief in the existence and significance of racial categories but not necessarily in a Racial profiling is the inclusion of racial or ethnic characteristics in determining whether a person is considered likely to commit a particular type of crime or The United States is a racially diverse country There is an extensive history of race-based Slavery, the abolishment of it and its economic Brazil is a racially diverse and Multiracial country Intermarriage among different Ethnic groups has been part of the country's history Human evolution, or anthropogenesis, is the part of biological Evolution concerning the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct Species Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is This is a list of topics related to Racism: A Affirmative action Afrocentrism Anti-Arabism A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place However, the use of the term varies by country and person, often referring to people from a particular region or subregion of Asia. The article is about the geographic sense of the term For other uses including Regions and Regional, see Region (disambiguation. A subregion is a conceptual unit which derives from a larger Region or Continent and is usually based on location [3][4] Though it may be based on residence, it is also often considered a "racial group"[5] or an ethnic group. [6]
In the United States, Canada, and Australia, the term refers most commonly to people of predominantly East Asian or Southeast Asian ancestry; however in the United Kingdom and Anglophone Africa, the term refers most commonly to South Asians. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. [7][8] In other countries, the term is applied to all people from Asia in general. In the US, however, Middle Eastern and Central Asian people are usually not considered Asian peoples. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south [9]
Regardless of these regional definitions, some people insist that anyone from Asia is logically Asian. [10]
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As early as 1920, Japanese and Korean elites had a conception of Asia as the civilization of the East in contrast to Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various Cultures social structures and philosophical systems of " the East " [11]
In Malaysia and Singapore, their three largest ethnic groups, Malays, Chinese, and Indians, are all considered Asian. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Singapore Malays (Melayu are an Ethnic group of Austronesian peoples predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, the east coast of Sumatra, the coast China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [12][13]
Earlier Census forms from 1980 and before listed particular Asian ancestries as separate groups along with White and Black or Negro. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian US courts Courts have classified Indians as white and non-white without any real pattern until the crucial 1923 Supreme Court case United States v [14] Previously, Asian Americans were classified as "other". [15] But the 1980 census marked the first general analyses of Asians as a group, combining several individual ancestry groups into "Asian or Pacific Islander. " By the 1990 census, Asian or Pacific Islander (API) was included as an explicit category, although respondents had to select one particular ancestry. [16][17] [18]
The Oxford English Dictionary, states that Asian is used in North America to refer to people ethnically from East Asia like China, Japan, Korea, etc. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. This lags behind the US government definition and general usage in many parts of the US. [19][20] The US Census Bureau definition includes people from Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. In 1930 and 1940, Indian Americans were a separate category, Hindu, and in 1950 and 1960, they were classified as Other Race, and in 1970, they were classified as White. Since 1980, Indians, and all other South Asians, have been classified as part of the Asian race[21]. Professor Madhulika Khandelwal, while serving on the National Board of Asian-American Studies, accredits Indian American activism as the catalyst for the 1980s U. S. Census re-classification of Indians. [42]. Respondents can also report more specific ancestry, such as Chinese, Taiwanese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Malaysian, Indonesian, Vietnamese, Pakistani, Thai, Khmer, Laotian, Asian-Indian, and so on, including "Other Asian". Chinese Americans ( Chinese: 华裔美国人 are Americans of Chinese descent A Taiwanese American is an American of Taiwanese ancestry This term also sometimes fluidly applies to those whose parents or relatives are associated with Filipino Americans are Americans of Philippine ancestry which trace back to the Philippines, an archipelagic nation in Southeast Asia. Korean Americans ( Korean: ko 한국계 미국인 Hanja: ko 韓國系美國人 hangukgye migugin) are Americans of Korean origin are Americans of Japanese heritage Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group Malaysian Americans are Americans of Malaysian ancestry Malaysian Americans are a subgroup of the Asian American community Indonesian Americans are Americans of Pribumi, Chinese Indonesian, Dutch Indonesian, Indian Indonesian descent or ancestry A Vietnamese American (người Mỹ gốc Việt is a resident of the United States who is of Vietnamese heritage A Pakistani American is someone who trace their roots to Pakistan A Thai American is an American of Thai descent History in US The first people from Thailand who immigrated to the United States were In A Cambodian American is an American who is of ethnic Khmer descent or more broadly having ancestors from Cambodia. A Laotian American is a resident of the United States who was originally from Laos or whose parents were Indian Americans are Americans who are of Indian ancestry The U Someone reporting these ancestries but no race will be classified as "Asian". Turkish Americans were the targets of anti-Asian hysteria during the "yellow race crisis". Turkish Americans (Amerikadaki Türkler are people that have Turkish ancestry [22] Unlike South Asians Middle Eastern Americans and Central Asian Americans have not yet lobbied to be included as Asians by the US Census. [23] However, some Asian American organizations do include Central Asia and West Asia/Middle East in their scope. [24][25]
According to Sharon M. Lee in her 1998 publication, for many non-Asian Americans in the United States (in 1998) Asian American means Oriental, Chinese American or Japanese American. The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world Chinese Americans ( Chinese: 华裔美国人 are Americans of Chinese descent are Americans of Japanese heritage Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group This is due to the Chinese and Japanese immigrants being the first Asian immigrants into the United States. [9] Today, with the increasing demographic of Korean Americans, South Asian Americans and Southeast Asian Americans the definition among United States citizens of who is Asian American is expanding. Korean Americans ( Korean: ko 한국계 미국인 Hanja: ko 韓國系美國人 hangukgye migugin) are Americans of Korean origin Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian [26]
In the United Kingdom, the term "Asian", though it can refer to the continent of Asia as a whole,[27] is more commonly associated with people of South Asian origin, particularly Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans. British Asians are British citizens who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island [28] The UK usage of the term "Asian" is reflected in the "ethnic group" section of UK census forms, which treat "Asian" and "Chinese" as separate (see British Asian). A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 British Asians are British citizens who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka British Chinese, including British-born Chinese (often informally referred to as BBC) are people of Chinese ancestry who were born in or have migrated British Asians are British citizens who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka [6] Most respondents to the UK 2001 Census of non-Chinese East Asian and Southeast Asian descent chose to write-in their ethnicity in the "Other Ethnic Group" category rather than the "Other Asian" category, reflecting the association of the word Asian in the UK with South Asian. [29]
The United Kingdom, Anglophone Africa and Anglophone Caribbean are places in the Western world where the word "Asian" is used primarily to identify people from the Indian subcontinent. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Due to the term's contested definition in British English, the use of the term "South Asian" is used for clarity in discussions in the United Kingdom on colonialism, discrimination, and migration[30] or when the content of its parameters may become mistakenly conflated with those of East Asian descent. [31]
In Canada, Asian refers to people from the Far East, Southeast Asia,[32] South Asia,[33] and West Asia[34]. Notable Asian Canadians Ken Adachi, Toronto Star writer Mikey Bustos, singer Canadian Idol finalist of Filipino ancestry Like the United States, in Canada the term Asian generally refers to the East Asian Canadians since they were the first Asian immigrant groups into Canada. [35]
Notably, the Australian Census includes Central Asia, a region that is often considered to be part of the Greater Middle East. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south An Asian Australian can be generally defined as a person of Asian continental ancestry or origin who was born in or is an immigrant to Australia. The Australian census is administered by the Australian Bureau of Statistics every five years Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Greater Middle East (also known as " The New Middle East " is a political term coined by the Bush administration to englobe together various [36] The Australian Census includes four regions of Asia in its official definition. The Australian census is administered by the Australian Bureau of Statistics every five years Defined by the 2006–2011 Australian Census, three broad groups have the word Asian included in their name: Central and Southern Asian, South-East Asian and North-East Asian. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Russians are classified as Southern and Eastern Europeans while Middle Easterners are classified as North African and Middle Easterners. [37]
In parts of anglophone Africa, especially East Africa and South Africa, and in parts of the Anglophone Caribbean, the term "Asian", though it can refer to the continent of Asia as a whole,[38] is more commonly associated with people of South Asian origin, particularly Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans. The majority of South Africa's Asian population is Indian in origin many of them descended from indentured workers brought to work on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area then known Indo-Caribbean people or Indo-Caribbeans are people with roots in the Indian subcontinent who reside in the Caribbean. An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The term Anglophone Caribbean is used to refer to the independent English -speaking countries of the Caribbean region India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island [39]
The United Kingdom, Anglophone Africa,[40] and Anglophone Caribbean are places in the Western world where the word "Asian" is used primarily to identify people from the Indian subcontinent, although in South Africa, Asian can refer to East Asians as well. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. [41]
New Zealand's census called Statistics New Zealand defines the Asian to include people of Chinese, Indian, Korean, Filipino, Japanese, Sri Lankan, Cambodian and Thai ancestries. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Statistics New Zealand (In Māori, Te Tari Tatau) is the state sector organisation of New Zealand which is responsible for the country's official [42]
Statistics Norway considers people of Asian background to be people from all Asian countries, including Turkey. Statistics Norway ( Statistisk sentralbyrå or SSB) is the Norwegian statistics bureau Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches [43][44]
Paul Thomas Welty in his book The Asians Their Evolving Heritage[45] claims that Asians refer exclusively to people of the "South Asian Subcontinent", "Southeast Asia" and "East Asia" (pp. 21). [46] The staple food of Asians is rice or wheat (pp. 30). , but other common foods include barley, millet, corn, sorghum and sweet potatoes. Asian culture has been predominately influenced by the civilizations of India and China and the influence of Islam (pp. 54). Asian people frequently live in large family systems often incorporating three generations under one roof, (pp. 55). Asians have long valued education and literacy and have lived in societies led by a scholar class (pp. 365).
South Asians have characteristics in common (pp. 61). South Asians are a religious people who share the commonality of having been under British rule, (pp. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British 61). Due to their location between the Middle East, Europe, and other parts of Asia, they have come into contact with various other cultues, making their culture an amalgam of different cultures (pp. 61).
East Asians have characteristics in common (pp. 153). East Asians are connected by the commonality of Chinese cultural influence as well as Indian philosophy (pp. The Culture of China (traditional Chinese 中國文化 simplified Chinese 中国文化 is home to one of the world's oldest and most complex Civilizations covering a history The term Indian philosophy (Sanskrit Darshanas) may refer to any of several traditions of philosophical thought that originated in the Indian subcontinent 158). East Asians are also mostly farmers except for modernized Japan (Welty, pp. A farmer is a person who raises living organisms for food or raw materials 158).
Southeast Asians have characteristics in common (pp. 323). Southeast Asians are influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Confucism (pp. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B 326). Southeast Asians share the family system, poverty, and respect for teachers and learning (pp. 327). Due to the geography of many islands and coastal territory, Southeast Asians have been influenced by Indian, Japanese, Chinese and recently American cultural influences (pp. 329).
Sudha Ramachandran, writer for the Asia Times, claims that China and India vie for the status of Asia's "mother civilization"[47], but Indrani Bagchi who is also a Times Asia writer claims that India is the heart of Asian civilization because it is the origin of Buddhism. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices [47]
Dr. Keith Lowe, race-relations expert for the Canadian government,[48] claims that Asian people refer to Central, South, Southeast and East Asians. [49]
The term "Oriental" (from the Latin word for "Eastern")[50] was originally used in Europe in reference to the Near East. The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century It was later extended to the rest of Asia, but came to refer to Northeast Asians and Southeast Asians in the 19th and 20th century US,[51] where most Asians were Chinese (and later Japanese and Filipino). By the late 20th century, the term had gathered associations in North America with older attitudes now seen as outmoded, and was replaced with the term "Asian" as part of the updating of language concerning social identities,[52] which critics have derided as political correctness. Social identity is a theory formed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner to understand the psychological basis of intergroup Discrimination. Political correctness (adjectivally politically correct; both forms commonly abbreviated to PC) is a term applied to Language, ideas policies or behavior [53] In Europe however use of the term oriental for a east Asian has no negative connotations attached and is commonly used since here 'Asian' is taking to mean a South Asian.
Most of Russia's huge territory is in Asia, though the majority of its population is in Europe and ethnically Slavic. Tyva Republic (Респу́блика Тыва́ Respublika Tyva, rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə tɨˈva Тыва Республика Tyva Respublika) or Tuva Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Depending on context, Russian citizens may be considered European or mixed according to their individual ethnic nationality, ancestry, or appearance. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty
The territorial regions of Russia that are in Asia (eg. Irkutsk and Amur) have a significant indigenous population. In the Russian language, minority nationalities such as Buryats, Tuvans, Yakuts and others are Rossiiskiy or Rossiyane (citizens of the Russian Federation regardless of whether they are ethnic Russians), rather than Russkiy (which refers to ethnic Russians whether living in the Russian Federation or elsewhere). The Buryats or Buriyads, numbering approximately 436000 are the largest ethnic minority group in Siberia and are mainly concentrated in their homeland the Tuvans or Tuvinians ( Tuvan: Тывалар Tyvalar) are a group of Mongols or Turkic people. Yakuts, self-designation Sakha, are a Turkic -speaking people associated with the Sakha (Yakutia Republic. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
The word Eurasian is also often used to describe Russia's position in the world.
See also transcontinental nation[54]. This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent, sometimes referred to as transcontinental states. Russians are generally not included in the term "Asian". [55]
The name Asia is probably derived from ancient Assyrian. [56] It therefore originally referred to the regions now called "West Asia" and "Central Asia", the Sinai Peninsula to Persia and Asia Minor to Arabia. Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia (largely overlapping with the Middle East) is the southwestern portion of Asia. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai ( Coptic: sina; Egyptian Arabic: sina سينا Arabic, sina'a سيناء For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) To the ancient Greeks, Asia usually referred to the Persian Empire, while to the Romans, Asia was a small region or, later, province at the Western end of Anatolia (now Turkey). The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Roman province of Asia, also called Phrygia was an administrative unit added to the late Republic. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches
Clovis Maksoud, Director for the Organization of Global South, argues that the term "Middle East" is a Eurocentric term denoting the region between Europe and East Asia, because it denies the Middle East's connection with Muslim North Africa. Eurocentrism is the practice of viewing the world from a European perspective with an implied belief either consciously or subconsciously in the preeminence of European (and [57] In English parlance, Western Asians like Turks,Cypriots, and Arabs,[58] and the Central Asians of the former Soviet Republics are not referred to as "Asian" by United States government agencies. Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia (largely overlapping with the Middle East) is the southwestern portion of Asia. The Canadian government uses "West Asian" in its statistics; however people from the Arab countries are counted in a separate "Arab" category. [59] [60]
In normal usage Asian does not refer to the people from the Pacific Islands who are usually called Pacific Islanders. The Pacific Ocean contains an estimated 20000 to 30000 Islands (the exact number has yet to be precisely determined Pacific Islander (or Pacific Person, pl Pacific People, also called Oceanic[s] ' is a geographic term to describe the Austronesian [61] The term "Asians and Pacific Islanders" or "Asia/Pacific" was used on the 1990 US Census. [62] As late as 2001, they were considered by most Americans to be the same racial group as Asians due to a perception of their implicit contrast to "whiteness". [63] However, in the 2000 US Census, many Pacific Islanders did not consider themselves the same social identity as Asians, and classified themselves separately. Social identity is a theory formed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner to understand the psychological basis of intergroup Discrimination.