Ashina (Asen, Asena, etc. ) was a tribe and the ruling dynasty of the ancient Turks who rose to prominence in the mid-6th century when their leader, Bumin Khan, revolted against the Rouran. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Bumin Khan (death 552 AD was the founder of the Göktürk Empire. Rouran ( Wade-Giles: Jou-jan) Ruanruan/Ruru ( also known as Tan Tan ( was the name of a confederation of Nomadic tribes on The two main branches of the family, one descended from Bumin and the other from his brother Istemi, ruled over the eastern and western parts of the Göktürk empire, respectively. Istämi was the ruler of the western part of the Göktürks, the Western Turkic Khaganate and dominated the Sogdians He succeeded his brother Bumin Göktürks ( Turkish: Gök Türkler) were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia.
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Origins and legends
According to the New Book of Tang, the Ashina were related to the northern tribes of the Xiongnu. The New Book of Tang ( is a classic work of history about the Tang Dynasty edited by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi (宋祁 and other official scholars of the The Xiongnu ( Turkish: Doğu Hun were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin and other subjugated tribes As early as the 7th century, four theories about their mythical origins were recorded by the Book of Zhou, Book of Sui and Youyang Zazu:[1]
- Ashina was one of ten sons born to a grey she-wolf (see Asena) in the north of Gaochang. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Book of Zhou ( Traditional Chinese: 周書 Pinyin Zhōu Shū was the official history of the Chinese / Xianbei dynasty Northern The Book of Sui ( was the official history of the Chinese dynasty Sui Dynasty, and it ranks among the official Twenty-Four Histories of imperial The Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang ( is a Miscellany of Chinese and foreign legends and hearsay reports on natural phenomena short anecdotes and The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora Asena is the name of a female wolf in Turkic mythology. It is associated with a Göktürk ethnogenic myth "full of shamanic symbolism" Gaochang ( is the site of an ancient Oasis city built on the northern rim of the inhospitable Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang, China. [2]
- The ancestor of the Ashina was a man from the Suo nation, north of Xiongnu, whose mother was a wolf, and a season goddess. The Xiongnu ( Turkish: Doğu Hun were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin and other subjugated tribes The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora [2]
- The Ashina were mixture stocks from the Pingliang commandery of eastern Gansu. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. [3]
- The Ashina descended from a skilled archer named Shemo, who had once fallen in love with a sea goddess west of Ashide cave. Archery is the practice of using a bow or Crossbow to shoot Arrows Archery has historically been used in Hunting and Combat and has [4]
These stories were sometimes pieced together to form a chronologically narrative of early Ashina history. However, as the Book of Zhou, the Book of Sui, and the Youyang Zazu were all written around the same time, during early Tang Dynasty, whether they could truly be considered chronological or rather should be considered competing versions of the Ashina's origin is debatable. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by [1] These stories also have parallels to folktales and legends of other Turkic peoples, for instance, the Wusun and Kazakhs. The Wusun (烏孫 were a nomadic Turkic speaking people who according to the Chinese histories originally lived to the northwest of China near the Yuezhi The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: Қазақтар qɑzɑqtɑr Russian: Казахи the English name is transliterated
History
The name Ashina first appeared in the Chinese records of the 6th century, and prior to that no other sources had related their history at all. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. [1] The Great Soviet Encyclopaedia infers that between the years 265 and 460 the Ashina had been part of various late Xiongnu confederations. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia ( Большая Советская Энциклопедия, or БСЭ; transliterated Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya The Xiongnu ( Turkish: Doğu Hun were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin and other subjugated tribes About 460 they were subjugated by the Rouran, who ousted them from Xinjiang into the Altay Mountains, where the Ashina gradually emerged as the leaders of the early Turkic confederation, known as the Göktürks. Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk The Altai Mountains (Алтай Altay; Алтай 阿尔泰山脉 are a Mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, Göktürks ( Turkish: Gök Türkler) were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia. [5] By the 550s, Bumin Khan felt strong enough to throw off the yoke of the Rouran domination and established the Göktürk Empire, which flourished until the 630s and from 680s until 740s. Bumin Khan (death 552 AD was the founder of the Göktürk Empire. Göktürks ( Turkish: Gök Türkler) were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia. The Orkhon Valley was the centre of the Ashina power. Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape sprawls along the banks of the Orkhon River in Central Mongolia, some 360 km west from the capital Ulaanbaatar.
After the collapse of the Göktürk empire under pressure from the resurgent Uyghurs, branches of the Ashina clan moved westward to Europe, where they became the kaghans of the Khazars and possibly other nomadic peoples with Turkic roots. For the Mongol / Turk title of Chagan Qaqan Khakhan Khaghan Khagan Kagan or Khaqan see Khagan Kaghan is a small town and Union Council "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər. According to Marquart, the Ashina clan constituted a noble caste throughout the steppes. In physical Geography, a steppe ( German, from степь - "a flat and arid land" степ - /stɛp/ тал - tal дала - /dɑlɑ/ pronounced Similarly, the Bashkir historian and Turkolog Zeki Validi Togan described them as a "desert aristocracy" that provided rulers for a number of Eurasian nomadic empires. Zeki Velidi Togan ( Bashkir: Әхмәтзәки Вәлиди, sometimes also Validi) (1890&ndash Istanbul 1970 was a historian Turkologist For the superstate in George Orwell 's novel see Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four. Nomadic Empires, sometimes also called Steppe Empires, Central or Inner Asian Empires, are the empires erected by the bow wielding horse riding Eurasian Accounts of the Göktürk and Khazar khaganates suggest that the Ashina clan was accorded sacred, perhaps quasi-divine status in the shamanic religion practiced by the steppe nomads of the first millennium CE. "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər. For other titles related to and uses of Khan, see that article Origin The title Divinity and divine (sometimes 'the Divinity' or 'the Divine' are broadly applied but loosely defined terms used variously within different faiths and belief systems —
Notes
- ^ a b c Xue 39-85
- ^ a b Zhoushu, vol. The Book of Zhou ( Traditional Chinese: 周書 Pinyin Zhōu Shū was the official history of the Chinese / Xianbei dynasty Northern 50[1]
- ^ Suishu, vol. The Book of Sui ( was the official history of the Chinese dynasty Sui Dynasty, and it ranks among the official Twenty-Four Histories of imperial 84[2]
- ^ Youyang Zazu, vol. The Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang ( is a Miscellany of Chinese and foreign legends and hearsay reports on natural phenomena short anecdotes and 4[3]
- ^ Klyashtorny passim.
References
- Findley, Carter Vaughin. The Turks in World History. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0195177266.
- Golden, Peter. An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples: Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Harrassowitz, 1992.
- Klyashtorny, Sergei. "Орхонские тюрки" ("Orhon Turks"). The Great Soviet Encyclopaedia 2nd ed. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia ( Большая Советская Энциклопедия, or БСЭ; transliterated Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya Soviet Encyclopedia, 1950-1958.
- Róna-Tas, András. András Róna-Tas (December 30 1931-) is a Hungarian Historian and linguist. Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Central European University Press, 1999. ISBN 9639116483. Page 280.
- Zhu, Xueyuan. The Origins of Northern China's Ethnicities. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 2004. ISBN 7-101-03336-9.
- Xue, Zongzheng. A History of Turks. Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press, 1992. ISBN 7-5004-0432-8.
External links
- (Russian) Lev Gumilev about the Ashina clan
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