| Artur Nebe | |
|---|---|
| November 13, 1894 – March 21, 1945 | |
 Artur Nebe |
|
| Place of birth | Berlin |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Schutzstaffel |
| Rank | Gruppenführer |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Artur Nebe (13 November 1894, Berlin – 21 March 1945) was a Gruppenführer in the Schutzstaffel (SS). Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Gruppenführer (literally “Group Leader” was an early Paramilitary Rank of the Nazi Party, first created in 1925 as a senior World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Gruppenführer (literally “Group Leader” was an early Paramilitary Rank of the Nazi Party, first created in 1925 as a senior The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Other positions included Berlin Police Commissioner in the 1920s, an early member of both the Sturmabteilung and President of Interpol (1942-1943). Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers The International Criminal Police Organization, better known by its telegraphic address Interpol is an organization facilitating international police cooperation
Contents |
Early life
Born in Berlin in 1894, the son of an elementary school teacher, Nebe volunteered for military service in the 17th Pioneer Battalion during World War I, where he was wounded twice by gas. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy.
Career
After the end of the war Nebe joined the Kriminalpolizei, or Kripo for short (literally, "Criminal Police", a similar organization to the United Kingdom's Criminal Investigation Department) and attained the rank of Police Commissioner in 1924. is the standard term for the criminal investigation agency within the Police forces of Germany, Austria and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Criminal Investigation Department (CID is the branch of all Territorial police forces within the British Police and many other Commonwealth police Nebe joined the Nazi party on July 1, 1931; he became the Nazis' liaison in the Berlin criminal police, with links to the SS group led by Kurt Daluege, who in April 1933 recommended him as Chief Executive of the State Police. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kurt Daluege ( September 15, 1897 &ndash October 24, 1946) was an SS- Oberstgruppenführer and Generaloberst der Polizei
In October 1933 Nebe was ordered by Rudolf Diels, the then head of the Gestapo, to arrange the liquidation of Hitler's rival Gregor Strasser. Rudolf Diels ( December 16, 1900 - November 18, 1957) was a German politician The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany Gregor Strasser (also Straßer, see ß) ( May 31, 1892 &ndash June 30, 1934) was a Politician of the German This began the process of turning Nebe against the Nazis. When the Kripo was absorbed into the Security Police (Sicherheitsdienst) Nebe became an SS Gruppenführer. The Sicherheitsdienst (SD Security Service was primarily the Intelligence service of the SS and the NSDAP. Gruppenführer (literally “Group Leader” was an early Paramilitary Rank of the Nazi Party, first created in 1925 as a senior His aversion to Reinhard Heydrich and Himmler grew even though he continued to regularly lunch with them. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( 7 March 1904 &ndash 4 June 1942) was an SS - Obergruppenführer, chief [1]
In 1933 he came to know Hans Bernd Gisevius, then an official in the Berlin Police Headquarters and Gisevius introduced him to Hans Oster. Hans Bernd Gisevius ( July 14, 1904 &ndash February 23, 1974) was a German Diplomat and intelligence officer during Hans Oster ( August 9, 1887 &ndash April 9, 1945) was deputy head of the Abwehr, under Wilhelm Canaris, and a dedicated
In 1936, Nebe was appointed head of the Kriminalpolizei (Kripo), which would later become the Criminal Police of Department V in the RSHA (Reichssicherheitshauptamt). Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. is the standard term for the criminal investigation agency within the Police forces of Germany, Austria and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office was a subordinate organization of the SS.
In 1937 a Criminal Police Department was created for the entire Reich and along with the Gestapo became one of the two main components of the SD. Nebe was left at the head of it under Heydrich.
In 1938, Nebe joined forces with future fellow conspirator Dr. Carl Sack (Judge Advocate-General of the Wehrmacht) to spoil Himmler's plot against General Werner von Fritsch. Wehrmacht (literally "defense force" was the name of the unified Armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945 Werner Freiherr (Baron von Fritsch ( 4 August 1880 &ndash 22 September 1939) was a prominent Wehrmacht officer member of the [2] That same year, Hans Oster recruited Nebe into the conspiracy for the September 1938 coup attempt, a plot to overthrow Hitler if he went to war with Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland. The Oster Conspiracy of 1938 was a proposed plan to Assassinate German dictator Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany, if Germany went to Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Sudetenland ( Czech and Polish: Sudety) is the German name used in English in the first half of the 20th century for the western regions of Nebe supplied the conspirators with information regarding SS strength, logistics, and safehouses throughout the Berlin area.
World War II
In 1941, just prior to Operation Barbarossa, Heinrich Himmler selected Nebe to command Einsatzgruppen B behind Army Group Center in the east. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Barbarossa ( Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the Codename for Nazi Germany 's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945 was a Nazi German politician and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS. Einsatzgruppen ( German: "task forces" "intervention groups" were Paramilitary groups formed by Heinrich Himmler and Army Group Center (Heeresgruppe Mitte was the name of two distinct German strategic Army groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II Foreseeing the crimes in which he would be involved, he tried to escape it by asking for a move to the International Police Commission but is said to have been persuaded by Ludwig Beck and Hans Oster to accept the appointment, which would place him in a position where he could give them information on what was happening inside the SS and the Gestapo. Ludwig August Theodor Beck (29 June 1880 &ndash 21 July 1944 was a German General and the Chief of the General Staff of the Oberkommando des Heeres [3] He worked with Henning von Tresckow and Fabian von Schlabrendorff to reduce the atrocities committed[4] but there is no doubt that he was involved in a good many, Nebe himself claiming that his own task force was responsible for more than 45,000 killings. Henning von Tresckow Henning Hermann Robert Karl von Tresckow ( January 10 1901 &ndash July 21 1944) was a Major General in the Fabian von Schlabrendorff ( 1 July 1907 in Halle an der Saale – 3 September 1980 in Wiesbaden) trained as a lawyer later
He returned from Russia convinced that the war would end with the military defeat of Germany.
In late 1942 after the Wannsee Conference, Nebe informed his fellow conspirators of Himmler's plans for the so-called Final Solution. The Wannsee Conference was a Meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on The Final Solution ( Die Endlösung) was Nazi Germany 's plan and execution of its systematic Genocide against European Jewry during World
In March 1944, after the 'Great Escape' from Stalag Luft III POW camp, Nebe was ordered by Heinrich Müller, head of the Gestapo (Amt IV, or Department 4, of the RSHA), to choose 50 of the 73 captured prisoners to be executed. Stalag Luft III ( Sta mm' lag' er Luft, or Permanent Camp for Airmen #3 was a German Air Force Prisoner-of-war camp during Heinrich Müller can refer to Heinrich Müller (Gestapo Heinrich Müller (physiologist The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany It is reputed that this selection caused Nebe distress. [5]
July 20 plot
He was involved in various plots including the July 20, 1944, bomb plot against German dictator Adolf Hitler; as part of the plot, Nebe was to lead a team of 12 policemen to kill Himmler but the signal never reached him. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately [6] After the failure of the assassination attempt he went into hiding on an island in the Wannsee but was later arrested after a rejected mistress betrayed him. The Wannsee is both a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany, and a linked pair of Lakes adjoining Nebe was sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof (People's Court) and according to official records, was executed in Berlin at Ploetzensee Prison on March 2, 1945, reportedly by hanging from piano wire, as that was the punishment ordered by Hitler - who wanted the July 20 conspirators to be "hanged like cattle" [7]. The People's Court (Volksgerichtshof was a court established in 1934 by German Dictator Adolf Hitler, who had been dissatisfied with the outcome of the Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Piano wire is a specialized type of Wire made for use in Piano and other musical instrument strings as well as many other purposes
In fiction
- In the novel Fatherland, set in an alternate history in which Germany has won the Second World War, Artur Nebe is depicted as an SS-Oberstgruppenführer, still commanding the Kriminalpolizei in the 1960s. Fatherland is a bestselling 1992 thriller Novel by the English Writer and journalist Robert Harris, which doubles World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Oberstgruppenführer was (from 1942 to 1945) the highest commissioned SS rank with the exception of Reichsführer-SS The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969
- Nebe also plays a significant role in Philip Kerr's Berlin Noir novels where he survives the war under an assumed name and is part of a secretive ex-SS members group called "the Org". Philip Kerr (born 1956 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish Author. He studied at the University of Birmingham and worked as an Advertising
- SS-Gruppenführer Nebe is mentioned in Jonathan Littell's Les Bienveillantes as involved in early tests to use gas chambers for mass killings of Jews. Jonathan Littell (born 10 October 1967 in New York) is a Bi-lingual (English / French writer living in Barcelona. Les Bienveillantes (in English: "The Kindly Ones") is a novel in the form of Historical fiction, written in French by A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing consisting of a sealed chamber into which a Poisonous or Asphyxiant gas is introduced
Notes
- ^ Balfour, Michael Leonard Graham (1988). Withstanding Hitler in Germany, 1933-45. Routledge. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals ISBN 0415006171.
- ^ von Schlabrendorff, Fabian (1994). Fabian von Schlabrendorff ( 1 July 1907 in Halle an der Saale – 3 September 1980 in Wiesbaden) trained as a lawyer later The Secret War Against Hitler. Westview Press. ISBN 0813321905.
- ^ Hoffman, Peter (2005). German Resistance to Hitler. Harvard University Press. Harvard University Press ( HUP) is a Publishing house, a division of Harvard University, that is highly respected in Academic publishing. ISBN 0674350863.
- ^ Heer, Hannes; Klaus Naumann (2004). War Of Extermination: The German Military In World War II. Berghahn Books, p. 129. ISBN 1571812326.
- ^ Carroll, Tim (2004). The Great Escapers. Mainstream Publishers. ISBN 1-84018-904-5.
- ^ Balfour, p. 164 [1]
- ^ William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,pp 1393
External links
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