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For other uses, see Artois (disambiguation).
Flag of the County of Artois
Flag of the County of Artois

Artois (Dutch: Artesië)(adjective Artesian) is a former province of northern France. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname The Kingdom of France was organised into Provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km² and a population of about one million. Its principal cities are Arras (Dutch: Atrecht), Saint-Omer, Lens and Béthune. Arras (Atrecht is the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. Saint-Omer ( Sint-Omaars in Dutch) a town and commune of Artois in northern France, Sous-préfecture of the Lens is a commune in northern France, in the Pas-de-Calais département. Béthune (Betun is a city and commune of northern France, sous-préfecture of the Pas-de-Calais département

Contents

Location

Artois occupies the interior of the Pas-de-Calais département, the western part of which constitutes the former Boulonnais. Pas-de-Calais is a department in northern France. Its name is the French language equivalent of the Strait of Dover, which it borders In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Artois roughly corresponds to the arrondissements of Arras, Béthune, Saint Omer, and Lens, and the eastern part of the Arrondissement of Montreuil. The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Arras is an arrondissement of France located in the Pas-de-Calais département, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais The arrondissement of Béthune is an arrondissement of France, located in the Pas-de-Calais department, in the Nord-Pas de Calais The arrondissement of Saint-Omer is an arrondissement of France located in the Pas-de-Calais département, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais The arrondissement of Lens is an arrondissement of northern France located in the Pas-de-Calais département, in the Nord-Pas de Calais The arrondissement of Montreuil is an arrondissement of France located in the Pas-de-Calais département, in the Nord-Pas de Calais It occupies the western end of the coalfield which stretches eastward through the neighbouring Nord département and across central Belgium. A coalfield is an area of certain uniform characteristics where coal is mined Nord (North is a department in the far north of France. It is the country's most populated department The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those

History

Originally a feudal county itself, Artois was annexed by the county of Flanders. The County of Flanders was a historical region in the Low Countries. It came to France in 1180 as a dowry of a Flemish princess and was again made a separate county in 1237 for a grandson of that princess. The County of Artois (comté d'Artois graafschap Artesië was a Carolingian county (comitatus established in Western Francia. Through inheritance, Artois came under the rule of the dukes of Burgundy in 1384. Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which At the death of the fourth duke, Charles the Bold, Artois became a possession of the Habsburgs, and was made part of the inheritance of the Hapsburgs of Spain. Charles the Bold or Charles the Rash (Charles le Téméraire ( 21 November 1433 &ndash 5 January 1477) baptised Charles Martin After the religious revolts of 1566 in the Netherlands, Artois briefly entered the Dutch Revolt in 1576, participating in the Pacification of Ghent until it formed the Union of Atrecht in 1579. The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries The Pacification of Ghent, signed on November 8, 1576, was an alliance of the provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands for the purpose of driving mutinying The People of Arras (Dutch Atrecht) was an accord signed on January 6, 1579 in Arras ( Atrecht) under which the southern states After the Union of Atrecht, Artois and Hainaut (Dutch: Henegouwen) reached a separate agreement with Philip II. Philip II may refer to Philip II of Macedon (382&ndash336 BC Philip II of France (1165&ndash1223 Philip II of Artois remained with the Spanish Netherlands until it was conquered by the French during the Thirty Years War. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The annexation was acknowledged during the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, and it became a French province. The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War. Though Artois had already been largely French-speaking, it was considered part of the Netherlands until the French annexation.

Artois experienced rapid industrial development during the second half of the 19th century, fueled by its rich coal resources. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar During World War I the front line between the opposing German and Allied armies in France ran through the province, resulting in enormous physical damage. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Flag of the United Kingdomsvg|right|70px]] The Entente cordiale is a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom Since the latter half of the 20th century Artois has suffered along with similar areas because of the decline of the coal industry.

Notable residents

References

See also

The Communauté d'agglomération de l'Artois (Artois Comm is an administrative entity in the Pas-de-Calais département, in northern The County of Artois (comté d'Artois graafschap Artesië was a Carolingian county (comitatus established in Western Francia. The Weald-Artois Anticline is a geological structure running between the regions of the Weald in southern England and Artois in north eastern France
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