| Arthur St. Clair | |
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| In office February 2, 1787 – November 4, 1787 |
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| Preceded by | Nathaniel Gorham |
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| Succeeded by | Cyrus Griffin |
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| Born | March 23, 1736 Thurso, Caithness, Scotland |
| Died | August 31, 1818 (aged 82) Greensburg, Pennsylvania |
Arthur St. The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first national government Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nathaniel Gorham (May 27 1738 – June 11 1796 was the eighth President of the United States in Congress assembled, under the Articles of Confederation. Cyrus Griffin (July 16 1749 December 14 1810 was the tenth and last President of the United States in Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1736 ( MDCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year This article refers to the town in Scotland For the city in Canada see Thurso Quebec. Geography Caithness extends about 40 Miles (64 Kilometres) north-south and about 30 miles (50 km east-west Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Greensburg is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, USA and part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Clair (March 23, 1736 – August 31, 1818) was the ninth President of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, the highest-ranking officer in the US Army (1791–1792), and the only territorial governor of the Northwest Territory. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1736 ( MDCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first national government The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, also the Articles of Confederation was the governing Constitution of the alliance of thirteen independent and The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903 there was generally a single senior-most officer in the army For the Canadian territory see Northwest Territories. For the northwestern corner of the Lower 48 see Northwestern United States.
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Early life and career
St. Clair was born in Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, probably to William Sinclair, a merchant, and Elizabeth Balfour. This article refers to the town in Scotland For the city in Canada see Thurso Quebec. Geography Caithness extends about 40 Miles (64 Kilometres) north-south and about 30 miles (50 km east-west Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. He attended the University of Edinburgh and studied medicine under the renowned anatomist William Hunter. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration William Hunter FRS ( 23 May 1718 &ndash 30 March 1783) was a Scottish Anatomist and Physician In 1757, St. Clair purchased a commission in the British Army, Royal American Regiment, and came to America with Admiral Edward Boscawen's fleet for the French and Indian War. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. The King's Royal Rifle Corps was a British Army formation originally raised in colonial America as the Royal Americans, and recruited from American colonists Admiral Edward Boscawen, PC, RN ( August 19, 1711 &ndash January 10, 1761) was a British Admiral The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. He served under General Jeffrey Amherst at the capture of Louisburg, Nova Scotia on July 26, 1758. Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst 1st Baron Amherst of Montreal KB (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, or Jeffrey, he himself spelled his name as Fortress of Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common On April 17, 1759, he received a lieutenant's commission and was assigned to the command of General James Wolfe, under whom he served at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year General James Wolfe ( 2 January, 1727 &ndash 13 September, 1759) was a British Army officer known for his training reforms The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec, was a pivotal battle in the French and Indian War, the North American theatre of the
On April 16, 1762, he resigned his commission, and, in 1764, he settled in Ligonier Valley, Pennsylvania, where he purchased land and erected mills. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ligonier Valley is a valley in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. He was the largest landowner in Western Pennsylvania. Western Pennsylvania consists of the western third of the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. In 1770, St. Clair became a justice of the court, of quarter sessions and of common pleas, a member of the proprietary council, a justice, recorder, and clerk of the orphans' court, and prothonotary of Bedford and Westmoreland counties. The word prothonotary is recorded in English since 1447 as "principal clerk of a court" from L Bedford County is a County located in the US state of Pennsylvania. Westmoreland County is a County located in the US state of Pennsylvania.
In 1774, the colony of Virginia took claim of the area around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and some residents of Western Pennsylvania took up arms to eject them. The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony St. Clair issued an order for the arrest of the officer leading the Virginia troops. Lord Dunmore's War eventually settled the boundary dispute. Dunmore's War (or Lord Dunmore's War) was a war from 1773 to 1774 between the Colony of Virginia and the Indian nations of the Shawnee and Mingo
Revolutionary War
By the mid-1770s, St. Clair considered himself more of an American than a British subject. In January 1776, he accepted a commission in the Continental Army as a colonel of the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment. The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country The 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment was raised on December 9, 1775, at Philadelphia Pennsylvania for service with the Continental Army. He was appointed a brigadier general in August 1776, and was sent by Gen. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. George Washington to help organize the New Jersey militia. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. He took part in Washington's crossing of the Delaware River on Christmas night 1776, before the Battle of Trenton. Washington's crossing of the Delaware, occurring on December 25, 1776 during the American Revolutionary War, was the first move in a surprise attack against Background In the time before the battle American morale was low Many biographers credit St. Clair with the strategy which led to Washington's capture of Princeton, New Jersey in the following days. See also Princeton Township New Jersey, Borough of Princeton New Jersey Princeton Borough New Jersey Princeton Township New Jersey this
In April 1777, St. Clair was sent to defend Fort Ticonderoga. Fort Ticonderoga is a large Eighteenth-century Fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access His small garrison could not resist British Gen. John Burgoyne's larger force in the Saratoga Campaign. General John Burgoyne ( February 24, 1722 &ndash August 4, 1792) was a British army officer Politician British strategy As the year's campaigns were winding down in the autumn of 1776 the British began to plan operations for the next year St. Clair was forced to retreat at the Battle of Ticonderoga on July 5, 1777. Background The British and Colonists advance of the previous summer was halted at the Battle of Valcour. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He withdrew his forces and played no further part in the campaign. In 1778 he was court-martialed for the loss of Ticonderoga. A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a Military court. These military courts can determine Punishments for members of the Military subject The court exonerated him and he returned to duty, although he was no longer given any battlefield commands. He still saw action, however, as an aide-de-camp to General Washington, who retained a high opinion of him. An aide-de-camp ( French for camp assistant) is a personal assistant secretary or Adjutant to a person of high rank usually a senior military officer St. Clair was at Yorktown when Lord Cornwallis surrendered his army. The Siege of Yorktown or Battle of Yorktown in 1781 was a decisive victory by a combined assault of American forces led by General George Washington Charles Cornwallis 1st Marquess Cornwallis ( 31 December 1738 &ndash 5 October 1805) was a British military commander and colonial
President of Congress
St. Clair was a member of the Pennsylvania Council of Censors in 1783, and was elected a delegate to the Continental Congress from November 2, 1785 until November 28, 1787. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common From November 2, 1786 until February 2, 1787 the government known as the United States in Congress Assembled was unable to form a quorum and hence no president was elected. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Chaos ruled the day in early 1787 with Shays' Rebellion in full force and the states refusing to settle land disputes or contribute to the now six year-old federal government. Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Central and Western Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787 On February 2, 1787 the Delegates finally gathered into a quorum and elected Arthur St. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Clair as the 9th President of the United States in Congress Assembled. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the St. Clair's tenure as president (February 2, 1787 – to October 29, 1787) was during an effective period, as Congress enacted both the Northwest Ordinance and the current United States Constitution. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States.
Northwest Territory
Under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which created the Northwest Territory, General St. The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom For the Canadian territory see Northwest Territories. For the northwestern corner of the Lower 48 see Northwestern United States. Clair was appointed governor of what is now Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, along with parts of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers He named Cincinnati, Ohio after the Society of the Cincinnati, and it was there that he established his home. The Society of the Cincinnati is a historic organization with branches in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the When the territory was divided in 1800, he served as governor of the Ohio Territory. The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains
As Governor, he formulated Maxwell's Code (named after its printer, William Maxwell), the first written laws of the territory. William Maxwell (c 1766 &ndash September 10, 1809) was the first Engraver to publish a Newspaper in Cincinnati Ohio. He also sought to end Native American claims to Ohio land and clear the way for white settlement. In 1789, he succeeded in getting certain Indians to sign the Treaty of Fort Harmar, but many native leaders had not been invited to participate in the negotiations, or had refused to do so. The Treaty of Fort Harmar was an agreement between the United States government and several Native American tribes with claims to the Ohio Country. Rather than settling the Indian's claims, the treaty provoked them to further resistance in what is sometimes known as the "Northwest Indian War" (or "Little Turtle's War"). The Northwest Indian War (1785&ndash1795 also known as Little Turtle's War and by various other names was a war fought between the United States and Mutual hostilities led to a campaign by General Josiah Harmar, whose 1,500 militiamen were defeated by the Indians in October 1790. Josiah Harmar ( November 10, 1753 – August 20, 1813) was an officer in the United States Army during the American Revolution
In 1791, St. Clair succeeded Harmar as the senior general of the United States Army. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. He personally led a punitive expedition comprising of two Regular Army regiments and some militia. This force advanced to the location of Indian settlements on the Wabash River, but on November 4 they were routed in battle by a tribal confederation led by Miami Chief Little Turtle and Shawnee chief Blue Jacket. The Wabash River is a long River in the eastern United States that flows southwest from northwest Ohio near St Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani The Miami are a Native American tribe originally found in Indiana, southwest Michigan and Ohio, and now living also in Oklahoma Little Turtle or Mishikinakwa (c 1747 &ndash July 14, 1812) was a chief of the Miami tribe in what is presently Indiana, and Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah (c 1743 &ndash c 1810 was a war chief of the Shawnee people known for his militant defense of Shawnee lands in the Ohio Country More than 600 soldiers and scores of women and children were killed in the battle, called St. Clair's Defeat, the "Columbia Massacre," or the "Battle of the Wabash. The Battle of the Wabash, also known as St Clair's Defeat and the Battle of Wabash River, was fought on November 4, 1791, in the Northwest " It was the greatest defeat of the American army by Native Americans in history with some 623 American soldiers killed in action as opposed to about 50 enemy dead. After this debacle, he resigned from the army at the request of President Washington, but continued to serve as Governor of the Northwest Territory. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by
A Federalist, St. The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s Clair hoped to see two states made of the Ohio Territory in order to increase Federalist power in Congress. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses However, he was resented by Ohio Democratic-Republicans for what were perceived as his partisanship, high-handededness and arrogance in office. In 1802, his opposition to plans for Ohio statehood led President Thomas Jefferson to remove him from office as territorial governor. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence He thus played no part in the organizing of the state of Ohio in 1803. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The first Ohio Constitution provided for a weak governor and a strong legislature, in part due to a reaction to St. The Ohio Constitution is the basic governing document of the State of Ohio, which in 1803 became the 17th state to join the United States of America. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Clair's method of governance.
Death and Legacy
St. Clair died in Greensburg, Pennsylvania on August 31, 1818 in his eighties and in poverty; his vast wealth dissipated by generous gifts and loans, and by business reverses. Greensburg is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, USA and part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common St. Clair's remains are buried in a public park in downtown Greensburg that bears his name. Greensburg is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, USA and part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area
A portion of The Hermitage, St. Clair's home in Youngstown, Pennsylvania was later moved to Ligonier, Pennsylvania, where it is now preserved as a museum. Youngstown is a Borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Ligonier is a borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Upper St. Clair, Pennsylvania, St. Clairsville, Pennsylvania, St. Clair County, Illinois, St. Clair County, Missouri, St. St Clairsville is a borough in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States. St Clair County is a County located in the US state of Illinois, and determined by the U St Clair County is a County located in the US state of Missouri. Clair Township in Columbiana County, Ohio, St. Clairsville, Ohio, and St. Clair County, Alabama are named in his honor. | seat wl = Lisbon | largest city wl = East Liverpool | area_total_sq_mi =535 | area_land_sq_mi =532 | area_water_sq_mi =3 | area percentage = 0 St Clairsville is a city in Belmont County, Ohio in the United States. St Clair County is a County of the US state of Alabama.Its name is in honor of General Arthur St
External links
- Ohio Memory
- Ohio History Central
- The Hermitage - home of Arthur St. Clair
- Find-A-Grave gives 1736 as date of birth
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Nathaniel Gorham |
President of the United States in Congress Assembled 1787-02-02 – 1787-11-04 |
Succeeded by Cyrus Griffin |
| New title | Governor of Northwest Territory 1789 – 1802-11-22 |
Succeeded by None |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by Josiah Harmar |
Senior Officer of the United States Army 1791–1792 |
Succeeded by Anthony Wayne |
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