The Right Honourable  The Earl of Balfour  KG, OM, PC
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office 11 July 1902 – 5 December 1905
Monarch	Edward VII
Preceded by	The Marquess of Salisbury
Succeeded by	Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Born	July 25, 1848(1848-07-25) Whittingehame, East Lothian, United Kingdom
Died	19 March 1930 (aged 81) Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
Political party	Conservative
Spouse	none
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Profession	Member of Parliament
Religion	Presbyterian and Anglican

Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, KG, OM, PC (25 July 1848 - 19 March 1930) was a British Conservative politician and statesman, and the Prime Minister from 1902 to 1905, a time when his party and government became divided over the issue of tariff reform. The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, GCB (7 September 1836 &ndash 22 April 1908 was a British Liberal Statesman who served as Prime Minister Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Whittingehame is a parish with a small village in East Lothian, Scotland, about halfway between Haddington and Dunbar, and near East Linton East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Later, as Foreign Secretary, he authored the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which supported the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a member of the United Kingdom Government heading the Balfour Declaration of 1917 (dated November 2 1917) was a Classified formal statement of Policy by the British government stating History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River.

Contents 1 Background and early career 2 Service in Lord Salisbury's governments 3 Prime Minister 4 Arthur Balfour's Government, July 1902-December 1905 5 Acknowledging the de facto statehood of Latvia 6 Later career 7 Personality 8 Writings and academic achievements 9 Popular culture 10 Succession 11 See also 12 References 12.1 Notes 13 Further reading 14 External links

Background and early career

Arthur Balfour was born at Whittingehame, East Lothian, Scotland, and was the eldest son of James Maitland Balfour (1820-1856) and Lady Blanche Gascoyne-Cecil (d. Whittingehame is a parish with a small village in East Lothian, Scotland, about halfway between Haddington and Dunbar, and near East Linton East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. James Maitland Balfour ( 5 January 1820 &ndash 23 February 1856) of Whittinghame Berwickshire, was a Scottish Member 1872, aged forty-seven). His father was a Scottish MP; his mother, a member of the Cecil family descended from Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, was the daughter of the 2nd Marquess of Salisbury and a sister to the 3rd Marquess, the future Prime Minister. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Robert Cecil 1st Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC ( 1 June 1563 &ndash 24 May 1612) son of William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess of Salisbury ( 17 April 1791 &ndash 12 April 1868) was an English Conservative "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. He was the eldest son, the third of eight children, and had four brothers and three sisters. Arthur Balfour was educated at the Grange preparatory school in Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire (1859-1861), Eton (1861-1866) where he studied with the influential Master William Johnson Cory, and Trinity College, Cambridge (1866-1869), where he read Moral sciences, graduating with a Second-Class Honours Degree. Hoddesdon is a town in the English county of Hertfordshire, situated in the Lea Valley. Hertfordshire (ˈhɑːtfədʃə(r, abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. William Johnson Cory (1823 - 1892 born William Johnson was a talented educator and Poet, born at Torrington, and educated at Eton, where he was afterwards Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Human science (also moral science and human sciences as typical in the UK is a term applied to the investigation of human life and activities by a Rational The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading scheme for Undergraduate degrees ( Bachelor's degrees and some Master's degrees His younger brother was the renowned Cambridge embryologist Francis Maitland Balfour (1851-1882). The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Francis (Frank Maitland Balfour, known as F M Balfour, ( November 10, 1851 - July 19, 1882) was a British

Although he coined the saying, "Nothing matters very much and most things don't matter at all," Balfour was distraught at the early death from typhus in 1875 of his cousin May Lyttleton, whom he had hoped to marry: Balfour remained a bachelor for the rest of his life, his serious intention to marry never renewed. Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Louse -borne bacteria His household was maintained by his (also) unmarried sister Alice. In middle age Balfour had a long friendship with Mary Wemyss, later Countess of Elcho. It is unclear whether the relationship was sexual.

In 1874 he was elected Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Hertford and represented that constituency until 1885. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Hertford (standard pronunciations /'hɑːtֽfəd/ and /'hɑːֽfəd/ local pronunciation /'ɑːʔֽfəd/ is the affluent County town of Hertfordshire, In the spring of 1878 Balfour became Private Secretary to his uncle, Lord Salisbury. A Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS) is a role given to a United Kingdom Member of Parliament (MP by a senior minister in government or shadow "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. In that capacity he accompanied Salisbury (then Foreign Secretary) to the Congress of Berlin and gained his first experience in international politics in connection with the settlement of the Russo-Turkish conflict. See also Berlin Conference (1884-85 re Africa and Berlin Conference of 1954 (Cold War At the same time he became known in the world of letters; the academic subtlety and literary achievement of his Defence of Philosophic Doubt (1879) suggested that he might make a reputation for himself as a philosopher.

Balfour divided his time between the political arena and the academy. Released from his duties as private secretary by the general election of 1880, he began to take a more active part in parliamentary affairs. He was for a time politically associated with Lord Randolph Churchill, Sir Henry Drummond Wolff and John Gorst. Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill ( 13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895) was a British Statesman. Sir Henry Drummond-Wolff (1830 &ndash 11 October 1908) son of Joseph Wolff, was a well-known English - Jewish Diplomat Sir John Eldon Gorst, PC (1835 &ndash 1916 was an English Lawyer and Politician. This quartet became known as the "Fourth Party" and gained notoriety for the leader Lord Randolph Churchill's free criticism of Sir Stafford Northcote, Lord Cross and other prominent members of the "old gang". The " Fourth Party " was a label given to a quartet of British MPs Lord Randolph Churchill, Henry Drummond Wolff, John Gorst and Stafford Henry Northcote 1st Earl of Iddesleigh GCB PC ( 27 October 1818 &ndash 12 January 1887) Richard Assheton Cross 1st Viscount Cross, GCB GCSI PC ( 30 May 1823 &ndash 8 January 1914) was a

Service in Lord Salisbury's governments

Lord Salisbury made Balfour President of the Local Government Board in 1885 and later Secretary for Scotland in 1886, with a seat in the cabinet. Ellis William Roberts (1860-1930 was an English portrait painter The President of the Local Government Board was a ministerial post frequently a Cabinet position in the United Kingdom, established in 1871 The Secretary for Scotland was chief minister in charge of the Scottish Office in the United Kingdom government. These offices, while having few opportunities for distinction, served as a sort of apprenticeship for Balfour. In early 1887 Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, the Chief Secretary for Ireland, resigned because of illness and Salisbury appointed his nephew in his place. Michael Edward Hicks Beach 1st Earl St Aldwyn ( 23 October 1837 - 30 April 1916) known as Sir Michael Hicks Beach Bt from 1854 to The office before 1800 The dominant position of the Lord Lieutenant in the Irish governmental system had been central to the British administration for much of the history of The selection took the political world by surprise and possibly led to the British phrase "Bob's your uncle!". Balfour surprised his critics by his ruthless enforcement of the Crimes Act, earning the nickname "Bloody Balfour". Balfour's skill for steady administration did much to dispel his reputation as a political lightweight.

In Parliament he resisted any overtures to the Irish Parliamentary Party on Home Rule, and, allied with Joseph Chamberlain's Liberal Unionists, strongly encouraged Unionist activism in Ireland. The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP (commonly called the Irish Party was formed in 1882 by Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing Home rule refers to a demand that constituent parts of a state be given greater self-government within the greater administrative purview of the central government Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 &ndash 2 July 1914) was an influential British businessman politician and statesman The Liberal Unionists were a British political party that split away from the Liberals in 1886 and had effectively merged with the Conservatives by the Unionism in Ireland, is a belief in the desirability of a full constitutional and institutional relationship between Ireland and Great Britain based on the terms and Balfour also broadened the basis of material prosperity to the less well off by creating the Congested Districts Board for Ireland in 1890. The Congested Districts Board for Ireland was formed in 1891 to allieviate poverty and "congested" living conditions in the west of Ireland. It was during this period of 1886-1892 that he sharpened his gift of oratory and gained a reputation as one of the most effective public speakers of the age. Impressive in matter rather than in delivery, his speeches were logical and convincing, and delighted an ever wider audience.

On the death of W.H. Smith in 1891, Balfour became First Lord of the Treasury -- the last one in British history not to have been concurrently Prime Minister as well -- and Leader of the House of Commons. William Henry Smith (24 June 1825 &ndash 6 October 1891 was an English bookseller and newsagent of the family firm W H Smith, who expanded the firm and introduced The First Lord of the Treasury is the head of the commission exercising the ancient office of Lord High Treasurer in the United Kingdom, usually but not The Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons After the fall of the government in 1892 he spent three years as Leader of the Opposition. The Leader of the Opposition (sometimes known as the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons) in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads On the return of the Conservatives to power in 1895, he resumed the leadership of the House. His management of the abortive education proposals of 1896 were thought to show a disinclination for the continuous drudgery of parliamentary management. Yet he had the satisfaction of seeing a bill pass providing Ireland with an improved system of local government, and took an active role in the debates on the various foreign and domestic questions that came before parliament between 1895 to 1900.

During the illness of Lord Salisbury in 1898, and again in Lord Salisbury's absence abroad, Balfour was put in charge of the Foreign Office, and it was his job to conduct the critical negotiations with Russia on the question of railways in North China. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, commonly called the Foreign Office or the FCO, is the British government department responsible for promoting As a member of the cabinet responsible for the Transvaal negotiations in 1899, he bore his full share of controversy, and when the war began disastrously, he was the first to realize the need to put the full military strength of the country into the field. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: His leadership of the House of Commons was marked by considerable firmness in the suppression of obstruction, yet there was a slight revival of the criticisms of 1896.

Prime Minister

On Lord Salisbury's resignation on 11 July 1902, Balfour succeeded him as Prime Minister, with the approval of all sections of the Unionist party. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The new Prime Minister came into power practically at the same moment as the coronation of Edward VII and the end of the South African War. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: For a while no cloud appeared on the horizon. The Liberal party was still disorganized over their attitude towards the Boers. The two chief items of the ministerial parliamentary program were the extension of the new Education Act to London and the Irish Land Purchase Act, by which the British exchequer would advance the capital for enabling tenants in Ireland to buy land. A notable achievement of Balfour's government was the establishment of the Committee on Imperial Defence. The Committee of Imperial Defence was an important ad hoc part of the government of the United Kingdom and the British Empire from just after the Second

In foreign affairs, Balfour and his foreign secretary, Lord Lansdowne presided over a dramatic improvement in relations with France, culminating in the Entente Cordiale of 1904. Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC ( London 14 January Flag of the United Kingdomsvg|right|70px]] The Entente cordiale is a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom The period also saw the acute crisis of the Russo-Japanese War, when Britain, an ally of the Japanese, came close to war with Russia as a result of the Dogger Bank incident. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September The Dogger Bank incident (also known as Incident of Hull or The Russian Outrage) occurred when the Russian Baltic Fleet mistook some British trawlers On the whole, Balfour left the conduct of foreign policy to Lansdowne, being largely busy himself with domestic problems.

The budget was certain to show a surplus and taxation could be remitted. Yet as events proved, it was the budget that would sow dissension, override all other legislative concerns, and in the end signal the beginning of a new political movement. Charles Thomson Ritchie's remission of the shilling import-duty on corn led to Joseph Chamberlain's crusade in favour of tariff reform — these were taxes on imported goods with trade preference given to the Empire, with the threefold goal of protecting British industry from competition, strengthening the British Empire in the face of growing German and American economic power, and providing a source of revenue, other than raising taxes, for the costs of social welfare legislation. Charles Thomson Ritchie 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee ( 19 November 1838 &ndash 9 January 1906) was a British Politician Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 &ndash 2 July 1914) was an influential British businessman politician and statesman As the session proceeded, the rift grew in the Unionist ranks. Tariff Reform proved popular with Unionist supporters, but the threat of higher prices for food imports made the policy an electoral albatross. Hoping to split the difference between the free traders and tariff reformers in his cabinet and party, Balfour came out in favor of retaliatory tariffs -- tariffs designed to punish other powers that had tariffs against British goods, supposedly in the hope of encouraging global free trade.

This was not, however, sufficient for either the free traders or the more extreme tariff reformers in the government. With Balfour's agreement, Chamberlain resigned from the Cabinet in late 1903 to stump the country in favour of Tariff Reform. At the same time, Balfour tried to balance the two factions by accepting the resignation of three free-trading ministers, including Chancellor Ritchie, but the almost simultaneous resignation of the free-trader Duke of Devonshire (who as Lord Hartington had been the Liberal Unionist leader of the 1880s) left Balfour's Cabinet looking weak. By 1905 relatively few Unionist MPs were still free traders (the young Winston Churchill crossed over to the Liberals in 1904 when threatened with deselection at Oldham), but Balfour's long balancing act had drained his authority within the government.

Balfour eventually resigned as Prime Minister in December of 1905, hoping in vain that the Liberal leader Campbell-Bannerman would be unable to form a strong government. These hopes were dashed when Campbell-Bannerman faced down an attempt (the "Relugas Compact") to "kick him upstairs" to the House of Lords. The Conservatives were defeated by the Liberals at the general election the following January (in terms of MPs, a Liberal landslide), with Balfour himself losing his seat at Manchester East. Manchester East was one of six single-member Parliamentary constituencies created in 1885 by the division of the existing three-member Parliamentary Borough of Manchester Only 157 Conservatives were returned to the House of Commons, at least two-thirds of them followers of Chamberlain, who briefly chaired the Conservative MPs until Balfour won a safe seat in the City of London. The City of London was a former United Kingdom Parliamentary Constituency.

Arthur Balfour's Government, July 1902-December 1905

• Arthur Balfour - First Lord of the Treasury, Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Halsbury - Lord Chancellor
• The Duke of Devonshire - Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Lords
• Aretas Akers-Douglas - Secretary of State for the Home Department
• Lord Lansdowne - Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
• Joseph Chamberlain - Secretary of State for the Colonies
• St John Brodrick - Secretary of State for War
• Lord George Hamilton - Secretary of State for India
• Lord Selborne - First Lord of the Admiralty
• Charles Thomson Ritchie - Chancellor of the Exchequer
• Gerald Balfour - President of the Board of Trade
• Sir William Hood Walrond - Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
• Lord Balfour of Burleigh - Secretary for Scotland
• George Wyndham - Chief Secretary for Ireland
• Walter Hume Long - President of the Local Government Board
• Robert William Hanbury - President of the Board of Agriculture
• Lord Londonderry - President of the Board of Education
• Lord Ashbourne - Lord Chancellor of Ireland
• Lord Windsor - First Commissioner of Public Works
• Austen Chamberlain - Postmaster-General

Changes

• May 1903 - Lord Onslow succeeds R. The First Lord of the Treasury is the head of the commission exercising the ancient office of Lord High Treasurer in the United Kingdom, usually but not The Lord Privy Seal or Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom ranking beneath the The Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons Hardinge Stanley Giffard 1st Earl of Halsbury ( 3 September 1823 - 11 December 1921) was a leading Barrister, Politician The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. Spencer Compton Cavendish 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC ( 23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908) was a The Lord President of the Council is the fourth of the Great Officers of State of the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Treasurer and above Leader of the House of Lords is a function in the British government that is always held in combination with a formal Cabinet position most often Lord President Aretas Akers-Douglas 1st Viscount Chilston, GBE PC ( October 21, 1851 &ndash January 15, 1926) born Aretas Akers The Secretary of State for the Home Department, commonly known as the Home Secretary, is the minister in charge of the United Kingdom Home Office Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC ( London 14 January The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a member of the United Kingdom Government heading the Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 &ndash 2 July 1914) was an influential British businessman politician and statesman The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British Colonies. William St John Fremantle Brodrick 1st Earl of Midleton, KP ( December 14, 1856 &ndash February 13, 1942) commonly known as St The position of Secretary of State for War, commonly called War Secretary, was a British Cabinet -level position first applied to Henry Dundas Lord George Francis Hamilton, GCSI, PC ( 17 December 1845 &ndash 22 September 1927) was a British Conservative Party The office of Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was created in 1858 when Company rule in India ended and India was brought under direct British rule William Waldegrave Palmer 2nd Earl of Selborne KG GCMG PC (1859&ndash1942 was a British politician The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty were the members of the Board of Admiralty, which exercised command over the Royal Navy. Charles Thomson Ritchie 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee ( 19 November 1838 &ndash 9 January 1906) was a British Politician The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial Gerald William Balfour 2nd Earl of Balfour PC ( 9 April 1853 &ndash 14 January 1945) known as Gerald Balfour until 1930 The Secretary of State for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (formerly the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry before the June 28, 2007 William Hood Walrond 1st Baron Waleran PC DL JP ( 26 February 1849 &ndash 17 May 1925) was a British Conservative The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is in modern times a Sinecure office in the Government of the United Kingdom. Alexander Hugh Bruce 6th Lord Balfour of Burleigh, KT, GCMG ( 13 January 1849) - ( 6 July 1921) was a Scottish The Secretary for Scotland was chief minister in charge of the Scottish Office in the United Kingdom government. George Wyndham ( 29 August 1863 &ndash 8 June 1913) was an English Political figure. The office before 1800 The dominant position of the Lord Lieutenant in the Irish governmental system had been central to the British administration for much of the history of Walter Hume Long 1st Viscount Long ( 13 July 1854 - 26 September 1924) the son of Richard Penruddocke Long, was a British The President of the Local Government Board was a ministerial post frequently a Cabinet position in the United Kingdom, established in 1871 Robert William Hanbury PC ( 24 February 1845 - 28 April 1903) was a British Conservative politician The Minister of Agriculture Fisheries and Food was a UK cabinet position responsible for the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food. Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart 6th Marquess of Londonderry KG, GCVO, CB, PC, DL ( 16 July 1852 &ndash The Secretary of State for Education and Skills was the chief minister of the Department for Education and Skills in the United Kingdom government Edward Gibson 1st Baron Ashbourne ( 4 September 1837 &ndash 22 May 1913) was an Irish lawyer and Lord Chancellor of Ireland The office of Lord Chancellor of Ireland was the highest judicial office in Ireland until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922 Robert George Windsor-Clive 1st Earl of Plymouth, GBE, CB, PC, ( 27 August 1857 &ndash 6 March 1923) was an The First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings was a Position within the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain KG ( 16 October 1863 &ndash 17 March 1937) was a British Statesman, The Postmaster General in the United Kingdom is a defunct ministerial position in HM Government. William Hillier Onslow 4th Earl of Onslow, GCMG, PC ( 7 March 1853 &ndash 23 October 1911) was a British Conservative W. Hanbury at the Board of Agriculture.
• September-October 1903 - Lord Londonderry succeeds the Duke of Devonshire as Lord President, while remaining also President of the Board of Education. Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart 6th Marquess of Londonderry KG, GCVO, CB, PC, DL ( 16 July 1852 &ndash Spencer Compton Cavendish 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC ( 23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908) was a Lord Lansdowne succeeds Devonshire as Leader of the House of Lords, remaining also Foreign Secretary. Lord Salisbury succeeds Balfour as Lord Privy Seal. James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil 4th Marquess of Salisbury, KG, GCVO, CB, PC ( October 23 1861 – April 4 Austen Chamberlain succeeds Ritchie at the Exchequer. Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain KG ( 16 October 1863 &ndash 17 March 1937) was a British Statesman, Charles Thomson Ritchie 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee ( 19 November 1838 &ndash 9 January 1906) was a British Politician Chamberlain's successor as Postmaster-General is not in the Cabinet. Alfred Lyttelton succeeds Joseph Chamberlain as Colonial Secretary. Alfred Lyttelton (7 February 1857 in London – 5 July 1913 in London was a British politician and sportsman who excelled at both football and Cricket. Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 &ndash 2 July 1914) was an influential British businessman politician and statesman St John Brodrick succeeds Lord George Hamilton as Secretary for India. William St John Fremantle Brodrick 1st Earl of Midleton, KP ( December 14, 1856 &ndash February 13, 1942) commonly known as St Lord George Francis Hamilton, GCSI, PC ( 17 December 1845 &ndash 22 September 1927) was a British Conservative Party Hugh Arnold-Forster succeeds Brodrick as Secretary for War. Andrew Graham-Murray succeeds Lord Balfour of Burleigh as Secretary for Scotland. Andrew Graham Murray 1st Viscount Dunedin GCVO, PC ( 21 November 1849 &ndash 21 August 1942) was a Scottish politician
• March 1905 - Walter Hume Long succeeds George Wyndham as Irish Secretary. Walter Hume Long 1st Viscount Long ( 13 July 1854 - 26 September 1924) the son of Richard Penruddocke Long, was a British George Wyndham ( 29 August 1863 &ndash 8 June 1913) was an English Political figure. Gerald Balfour succeeds Long at the Local Government Board. Gerald William Balfour 2nd Earl of Balfour PC ( 9 April 1853 &ndash 14 January 1945) known as Gerald Balfour until 1930 Lord Salisbury, remaining Lord Privy Seal, succeeds Balfour at the Board of Trade. James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil 4th Marquess of Salisbury, KG, GCVO, CB, PC ( October 23 1861 – April 4 Lord Cawdor succeeds Lord Selborne at the Admiralty. Frederick Archibald Vaughan Campbell 3rd Earl Cawdor PC ( 13 February 1847 &ndash 8 February 1911) known as Viscount Emlyn William Waldegrave Palmer 2nd Earl of Selborne KG GCMG PC (1859&ndash1942 was a British politician Ailwyn Fellowes succeeds Lord Onslow at the Board of Agriculture. Ailwyn Edward Fellowes 1st Baron Ailwyn, KCVO, KBE, PC ( 10 November 1855 – 23 September 1924) was a

Acknowledging the de facto statehood of Latvia

In October 23, 1918 the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics presented the case for Latvian independence to Balfour (Foreign Secretary at the time) and obtained oral commitment that England would recognize the Temporary National Council of Latvia as a provisional Latvian government until a peace conference decided Latvia's future. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics ( 5 February, 1887, Durbe - 22 August, 1925, near Tukums) was the first Minister of Foreign The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a member of the United Kingdom Government heading the By Meirovic's request, this was confirmed in writing on November 11. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare In a response letter ^[1] Balfour gave the official confirmation that the United Kingdom acknowledged the de facto statehood of Latvia:

Foreign office.
November, 11 th, 1918.

Sir,
I have the honour to acknovledge with thanks your letter of the 30 th ultimo [sic] in which you enclose a copy of your appeal to Great Britain and the Allies to give their protection to Latvia.

I am happy to take this opportunity of repeating the assurance which I gave you on the occasion of your recent visit. His Majesty's Government have viewed with the deepest sympathy the aspirations of the Lettish people and its desire for liberation from the German yoke. They are glad to reaffirm their readiness to grant provisional recognition to the Lettish National Council as a de facto independent body until such time as the Peace Conference lays the foundations of a new era of freedom and happines for your people.

In the meantime His Majesty's Government will be glad to receive you as the informal diplomatic Representative of the Lettish Provisional Government.

Yours faithfully,
[Signed] Arthur James Balfour.

Monsieur Meierovic,
115, Park Road,
Regent's Park, N. W.

Later career

After the disaster of 1906 Balfour remained party leader, his position strengthened by Joseph Chamberlain's removal from active politics after his stroke in July 1906, but he was unable to make much headway against the huge Liberal majority in the House of Commons. The United Kingdom general election of 1906 was held from 12 January to 8 February 1906 An early attempt to score a debating triumph over the government, made in Balfour's usual abstruse, theoretical style, saw Campbell-Bannerman respond with: "Enough of this foolery," to the delight of his supporters in the House. Balfour made the controversial decision, with Lord Lansdowne, to use the heavily Unionist House of Lords as an active check on the political program and legislation of the Liberal party in the House of Commons. Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC ( London 14 January The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords Numerous pieces of legislation were vetoed or altered by amendments between 1906 and 1909, leading David Lloyd George to remark that the Lords had become "not the watchdog of the Constitution, but Mr. David Lloyd George 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 &ndash 26 March 1945 was a British Statesman and the only Balfour's poodle. " The issue was eventually forced by the Liberals with Lloyd George's so-called People's Budget, provoking the constitutional crisis that eventually led to the Parliament Act of 1911, which replaced the Lords' veto authority with a greatly reduced power to only delay bills for up to two years. The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party The 1909 (UK People's Budget was a product of Herbert Asquith 's Liberal government that introduced many unprecedented taxes on the wealthy and radical social welfare programmes The Parliament Acts are two Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1911 and 1949 that form part of the Constitution of the United After the Unionists had failed to win an electoral mandate at either of the General Elections of 1910 (despite softening the Tariff Reform policy with Balfour's promise of a referendum on food taxes), the Unionist peers split to allow the Parliament Act to pass the House of Lords, in order to prevent a mass-creation of new Liberal peers by the new King, George V. The exhausted Balfour resigned as party leader after the crisis, and was succeeded in late 1911 by Andrew Bonar Law. Andrew Bonar Law (16 September 1858 &ndash 30 October 1923 was a Canadian -born British Conservative Party statesman and Prime Minister.

Balfour remained an important figure within the party, however, and when the Unionists joined Asquith's coalition government in May 1915, Balfour succeeded Winston Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty. Herbert Henry Asquith 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, KG, PC ( 12 September 1852 &ndash 15 February 1928) served Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty were the members of the Board of Admiralty, which exercised command over the Royal Navy. When Asquith's government collapsed in December 1916, Balfour, who seemed for a time a potential successor to the premiership, became Foreign Secretary in Lloyd George's new administration, but was not actually included in the small War Cabinet, and was frequently left out of the inner workings of the government. The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a member of the United Kingdom Government heading the Balfour's service as Foreign Secretary was most notable for the issuance of the Balfour Declaration of 1917, a letter to Lord Rothschild promising the Jews a "national home" in Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire. Balfour Declaration of 1917 (dated November 2 1917) was a Classified formal statement of Policy by the British government stating Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish

Balfour resigned as Foreign Secretary following the Versailles Conference in 1919, but continued in the government (and the Cabinet after normal peacetime political arrangements resumed) as Lord President of the Council. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The Lord President of the Council is the fourth of the Great Officers of State of the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Treasurer and above In 1921-22 he represented the British Empire at the Washington Naval Conference. The Washington Naval Conference was a military conference called by the administration of President Warren G

In 1922 he, along with most of the Conservative leadership, resigned with Lloyd George's government following the Conservative back-bench revolt against the continuance of the coalition. Bonar Law soon became Prime Minister. In 1922 Balfour was created Earl of Balfour. Earl of Balfour is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Like many of the Coalition leaders he did not hold office in the Conservative governments of 1922-4, although as an elder statesman he was consulted by the King in the choice of Baldwin as Bonar Law's successor as Conservative leader in May 1923. When asked by a lady whether "dear George" (the much more experienced Lord Curzon) would be chosen he replied, referring to Curzon's wealthy wife Grace, "No, dear George will not but he will still have the means of Grace. George Nathaniel Curzon 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, KG, GCSI, GCIE, PC ( 11 January 1859 &ndash 20 March "

Balfour was again not initially included in Stanley Baldwin's second government in 1924, but in 1925 he once again returned to the Cabinet, serving in place of the late Lord Curzon as Lord President of the Council until the government ended in 1929. Stanley Baldwin 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, KG, PC (3 August 1867 &ndash 14 December 1947 was a British Conservative politician statesman and major The Lord President of the Council is the fourth of the Great Officers of State of the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Treasurer and above In 1925 he visited the Holy Land. The Holy Land ( Arabic: الأرض المقدسة al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah;Ancient Aramaic: ארעא קדישא Ar'a Qaddisha; Hebrew: ארץ_הקודש ^[2]

Apart from a number of colds and occasional influenza, Balfour had enjoyed good health until the year 1928, and remained until then a regular tennis player. At the end of that year most of his teeth had to be removed and he began to suffer from the unremitting circulatory trouble which ended his life. Late in January 1929 Balfour was conveyed from Whittingehame to Fisher's Hill, his brother Gerald's home near Woking, Surrey. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. In the past he had suffered from occasional bouts of phlebitis and by late 1929 he was immobilized by it. Phlebitis is an Inflammation of a Vein, usually in the Legs When phlebitis is associated with the formation of Blood clots ( Thrombosis Finally, soon after receiving a visit from his friend Chaim Weizmann, Balfour died at Fisher's Hill on 19 March 1930. Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן – November 27, 1874 &ndash November 9, 1952) was a Zionist Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. At his request a public funeral was declined and he was buried on 22 March beside members of his family at Whittingehame in a Church of Scotland service, though he also belonged to the Church of England. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Whittingehame is a parish with a small village in East Lothian, Scotland, about halfway between Haddington and Dunbar, and near East Linton The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Despite the snowy weather, attenders came from far and wide. By special remainder, the title passed to his brother Gerald.

Personality

Balfour was unusual for himself as much as for his politics. He developed a manner well known to his friends, which has been described as the Balfourian manner. Harold Begbie, a journalist of the period wrote a book called Mirrors of Downing Street, in this little known work, he criticised Balfour heavily for his manner, personality and self-obsession. However even when this is taken into account, through that level of criticism one can see a different side to Balfour, a positive shy side to his personality. The sections of the work dealing with Balfours personality have been reproduced below.

This Balfourian manner, as I understand it, has its roots in an attitude of mind--an attitude of convinced superiority which insists in the first place on complete detachment from the enthusiasms of the human race, and in the second place on keeping the vulgar world at arm's length.

It is an attitude of mind which a critic or a cynic might be justified in assuming, for it is the attitude of one who desires rather to observe the world than to shoulder any of its burdens; but it is a posture of exceeding danger to anyone who lacks tenderness or sympathy, whatever his purpose or office may be, for it tends to breed the most dangerous of all intellectual vices, that spirit of self-satisfaction which Dostoievsky declares to be the infallible mark of an inferior mind.

To Mr. Arthur Balfour this studied attitude of aloofness has been fatal, both to his character and to his career. He has said nothing, written nothing, done nothing, which lives in the heart of his countrymen. To look back upon his record is to see a desert, and a desert with no altar and with no monument, without even one tomb at which a friend might weep. One does not say of him, "He nearly succeeded there," or "What a tragedy that he turned from this to take up that"; one does not feel for him at any point in his career as one feels for Mr. George Wyndham or even for Lord Randolph Churchill; from its outset until now that career stretches before our eyes in a flat and uneventful plain of successful but inglorious and ineffective self-seeking.

There is one signal characteristic of the Balfourian manner which is worthy of remark. It is an assumption in general company of a most urbane, nay, even a most cordial spirit. I have heard many people declare at a public reception that he is the most gracious of men, and seen many more retire from shaking his hand with a flush of pride on their faces as though Royalty had stooped to inquire after the measles of their youngest child. Such is ever the effect upon vulgar minds of geniality in superiors: they love to be stooped to from the heights.

But this heartiness of manner is of the moment only, and for everybody; it manifests itself more personally in the circle of his intimates and is irresistible in week-end parties; but it disappears when Mr. Balfour retires into the shell of his private life and there deals with individuals, particularly with dependents. It has no more to do with his spirit than his tail-coat and his white tie. Its remarkable impression comes from its unexpectedness; its effect is the shock of surprise. In public he is ready to shake the whole world by the hand, almost to pat it on the shoulder; but in private he is careful to see that the world does not enter even the remotest of his lodge gates.

"The truth about Arthur Balfour," said George Wyndham, "is this: he knows there's been one ice-age, and he thinks there's going to be another. "

Little as the general public may suspect it, the charming, gracious, and cultured Mr. Balfour is the most egotistical of men, and a man who would make almost any sacrifice to remain in office. It costs him nothing to serve under Mr. Lloyd George; it would have cost him almost his life to be out of office during a period so exciting as that of the Great War. He loves office more than anything this world can offer; neither in philosophy nor music, literature nor science, has he ever been able to find rest for his soul. It is profoundly instructive that a man with a real talent for the noblest of those pursuits which make solitude desirable and retirement an opportunity should be so restless and dissatisfied, even in old age, outside the doors of public life.

—Begbie, Harold: Mirrors of Downing Street- some political reflections, Mills and Boon (1920), p. 76–79

Writings and academic achievements

Balfour's writings include:

• The Humours of Golf, a chapter of the Badminton Library's volume on Golf (1890)

• Essays and Addresses (1893). The Badminton Library, called in full The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes, was a sporting and publishing project conceived and founded by Henry Somerset 8th

• The Foundations of Belief, being Notes introductory to the Study of Theology (1895).

• Questionings on Criticism and Beauty (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1909), based on his 1909 Romanes Lecture. The Romanes Lecture is a prestigious free public lecture given annually at the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford.

• Theism and Humanism (1915), based on his first series of Gifford Lectures given in 1914 and is still in print. The Gifford Lectures were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (died 1887) In 1962, Oxford writer C. S. Lewis told Christian Century that Theism and Humanism was one of the ten books that most influenced his thought. Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963 The Christian Century is a Christian Magazine based in Chicago, Illinois.

• Theism and Thought (1923) based on the second in his Gifford Lectures, which were given in 1922. The Gifford Lectures were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (died 1887)

He was made LL. D. of the University of Edinburgh in 1881; of the University of St Andrews in 1885; of Cambridge University in 1888; of Dublin and Glasgow Universities in 1891; Lord Rector of St Andrews University in 1886; of Glasgow University in 1890; Chancellor of Edinburgh University in 1891; member of the senate London University in 1888; and DCL of Oxford University in 1891. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between He was president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1904, and became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1888. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 He was known from early life as a cultured musician, and became an enthusiastic golf player, having been captain of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews in 1894-1895. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1914 to 1915. The Aristotelian Society for the Systematic Study of Philosophy (more generally known as the Aristotelian Society) was founded at a meeting on 19 April

He was also a member of the Society for Psychical Research, a society dedicated to studying psychic and paranormal phenomena, and its president from 1892-1894. The Society for Psychical Research ( SPR) is a Non-profit organization which started in the United Kingdom and was later imitated in other countries The word psychic (ˈsaɪkɨk from the Greek psychikos—"of the soul mental" refers to the claimed ability to perceive things hidden from the normal senses Paranormal is an Umbrella term used to describe unusual Phenomena or experiences that lack an obvious Scientific explanation

Popular culture

Balfour plays a supporting, if off-screen role in Upstairs, Downstairs, promoting the family patriarch, Richard Bellamy, to the position of Civil Lord of the Admiralty. Upstairs Downstairs is a BAFTA and Emmy award-winning British Drama set in a large Townhouse in Edwardian This is a list of characters from the ITV Drama Upstairs Downstairs, that aired from 1970 to 1975

Succession

Political offices
Preceded by Sir Charles Dilke	President of the Local Government Board 1885 – 1886	Succeeded by Joseph Chamberlain
Preceded by The Earl of Dalhousie	Secretary for Scotland 1886 – 1887	Succeeded by The Marquess of Lothian
Preceded by Sir Michael Hicks-Beach	Chief Secretary for Ireland 1887 – 1891	Succeeded by William Lawies Jackson
Preceded by W.H. Smith	First Lord of the Treasury 1891 – 1892	Succeeded by William Ewart Gladstone
	Leader of the House of Commons 1891 – 1892
Preceded by The Earl of Rosebery	First Lord of the Treasury 1895 – 1905	Succeeded by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Preceded by The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury	Lord Privy Seal 1902 – 1903	Succeeded by The 4th Marquess of Salisbury
	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 11 July 1902 – 5 December 1905	Succeeded by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Preceded by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman	Leader of the Opposition 1905 – 1911	Succeeded by Andrew Bonar Law
Preceded by Winston Churchill	First Lord of the Admiralty 1915 – 1916	Succeeded by Sir Edward Carson
Preceded by The Viscount Grey of Fallodon	Foreign Secretary 10 December 1916 – 23 October 1919	Succeeded by The Earl Curzon of Kedleston
Preceded by The Earl Curzon of Kedleston	Lord President of the Council 1919 – 1922	Succeeded by The 4th Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded by The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston	Lord President of the Council 1925 – 1929	Succeeded by The Lord Parmoor
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Robert Dimsdale	Member of Parliament for Hertford 1874 – 1885	Succeeded by Abel Smith
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Manchester East 1885 – 1906	Succeeded by Thomas Gardner Horridge
Preceded by Alban Gibbs	Member of Parliament for the City of London 1906 – 1922	Succeeded by Edward Grenfell
Party political offices
Preceded by W.H. Smith	Conservative Leader in the Commons 1891 – 1911	Succeeded by Andrew Bonar Law
Preceded by The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury	Leader of the British Conservative Party 1902 – 1911
Academic offices
Preceded by The Lord Reay	Rector of the University of St Andrews 1886 – 1889	Succeeded by The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
Preceded by The Earl of Lytton	Rector of the University of Glasgow 1890 – 1893	Succeeded by John Eldon Gorst
Preceded by Lord Glencorse	Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh 1891 – 1930	Succeeded by J. M. Barrie
Preceded by The Lord Rayleigh	Chancellor of the University of Cambridge 1919 – 1930	Succeeded by The Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Earl of Balfour 1922 – 1930	Succeeded by Gerald William Balfour

See also

• Gathering of Israel

References

• Torrance, David, The Scottish Secretaries (Birlinn 2006)

Notes

Further reading

Prime sources:

• Harcourt Williams, Robin (Editor): The Salisbury- Balfour Correspondence: 1869- 1892, Hertfordshire Record Society (1998)

Secondary sources:

Biography:

• Anderson, Bernard: Arthur James Balfour", Grant Richards (1903)
• Dugdale, Blanche: Arthur James Balfour, First Earl of Balfour KG, OM, FRS- Volume 1, Hutchinson and Co (1936)
• Dugdale, Blanche: Arthur James Balfour, First Earl of Balfour KG, OM, FRS- Volume 2- 1906- 1930, Hutchinson and Co (1936)
• Egremont, Max: A life of Arthur James Balfour, William Collins and Company Ltd (1980)
• E. H. H. Green Balfour (20 British Prime Ministers of the 20th Century; Haus
• Raymond, E. Ewen Henry Harvey Green ( October 16, 1958 − September 16, 2006) known as E T: A life of Arthur James Balfour (2007)
• Adams, R. J. Q: Balfour: The Last Grandee, John Murray (2007)
• Young, Kenneth: Arthur James Balfour: The happy life of the Politician, Prime Minister, Statesman and Philosopher- 1848- 1930, G. Bell and Sons (1963)

Other:

• Piers Brendon, Eminent Edwardians (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1980) ISBN 0-395-29195-X
• Begbie, Harold: Mirrors of Downing Street- some political reflections, Mills and Boon (1920)

Publishing Limited, 2006). Piers Brendon (born 21 December[[ 940]] Stratton Cornwall) is a British writer known for historical and biographical works ISBN 1904950558

External links

• More about Arthur James Balfour on the Downing Street website.

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This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

Persondata
NAME	Balfour, Arthur James, 1st Earl of Balfour
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
DATE OF BIRTH	25 July 1848
PLACE OF BIRTH	Whittingehame, East Lothian, Scotland
DATE OF DEATH	19 March 1930
PLACE OF DEATH	Woking, Surrey, England

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Whittingehame is a parish with a small village in East Lothian, Scotland, about halfway between Haddington and Dunbar, and near East Linton East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

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