| Arthritis Classification and external resources |
|
| ICD-10 | M00.-M25. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 710-719 |
| DiseasesDB | 15237 |
| eMedicine | topic list |
| MeSH | D001168 |
Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions involving damage to the joints of the body. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings M00-M99 - Diseases of the Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue (M00-M25 Arthropathies (M00-M03 Infectious arthropathies M00-M99 - Diseases of the Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue (M00-M25 Arthropathies (M00-M03 Infectious arthropathies The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely two medical doctors Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books A joint is the location at which two or more Bones make contact Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people older than fifty-five years.
There are different forms of arthritis; each has a different cause. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age. Osteoarthritis ( OA, also known as degenerative Arthritis, degenerative joint disease) is a clinical syndrome in which low-grade inflammation Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal anatomy might contribute to the early development of osteoarthritis. Other arthritis forms are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, autoimmune diseases in which the body attacks itself. Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that causes the Immune system to attack the Joints, where Psoriatic arthritis (also arthritis psoriatica, arthropathic psoriasis or psoriatic arthropathy) is a type of Inflammatory Arthritis Autoimmunity is the failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as self, which results in an immune response against its own cells and tissues Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Septic arthritis is the invasion of a Joint by an Infectious agent which produces Arthritis. An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. Gouty arthritis is caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint, causing inflammation. Gout (also called metabolic arthritis) is a disease created by a buildup of Uric acid. Uric acid (or urate) is an Organic compound of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3 There is also an uncommon form of gout caused by the formation of rhomboid crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. This gout is known as pseudogout. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease ( CPPD) is a rheumatologic disorder with varied clinical manifestations due to precipitation of Calcium pyrophosphate
Contents |
History and physical examination
All arthritides feature pain. Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm Pain patterns may differ depending on the arthritides and the location. Rheumatoid arthritis is generally worse in the morning and associated with stiffness; in the early stages, patients often have no symptoms after a morning shower. In the aged and children, pain might not be the main feature; the aged patient simply moves less, the infantile patient refuses to use the affected limb.
Elements of the history of the disorder guide diagnosis. Important features are speed and time of onset, pattern of joint involvement, symmetry of symptoms, early morning stiffness, tenderness, gelling or locking with inactivity, aggravating and relieving factors, and other systemic symptoms. Physical examination may confirm the diagnosis, or may indicate systemic disease. Radiographs are often used to follow progression or assess severity in a more quantitative manner.
| Extra-articular features of joint disease |
|---|
| cutaneous nodules |
| cutaneous vasculitic lesions |
| lymphadenopathy |
| oedema |
| ocular inflammation |
| urethritis |
| tenosynovitis (tendon sheath effusions) |
| bursitis (swollen bursa) |
| diarrhoea |
| orogenital ulceration |
Blood tests and X-rays of the affected joints often are performed to make the diagnosis. Lymphadenopathy is a term meaning "disease of the Lymph nodes. Oedema (or Edema in American English formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is the increase of Interstitial fluid in any organ &mdash swelling Urethritis is inflammation of the Urethra. The main symptom is Dysuria, which is painful or difficult urination Tenosynovitis is the Inflammation of the Fluid -filled sheath (called the Synovium) that surrounds a Tendon. Bursitis is the Inflammation of one or more bursae (small sacs of Synovial fluid in the body In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a Blood sample that is usually extracted from a Vein in the arm using a needle, or via X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. Screening blood tests are indicated if certain arthritides are suspected. These might include: rheumatoid factor, antinuclear factor (ANF), extractable nuclear antigen, and specific antibodies. Rheumatoid factor (RF or RhF is an Autoantibody ( Antibody direct against an organism's own tissues most relevant in Rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-nuclear antibodies ( ANA s also known as anti-nuclear factor or ANF) are antibodies directed against contents of the cell nucleus Extractable Nuclear Antigens are soluble cytoplasmic and nuclear components that are Antibody targets with over 100 different Antigens described
Types of arthritis
Primary forms of arthritis:
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Septic arthritis
- Gout and pseudogout
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Still's disease
- Ankylosing spondylitis
Secondary to other diseases:
- Lupus erythematosus
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Reactive arthritis
- Haemochromatosis
- Hepatitis
- Wegener's granulomatosis (and many other vasculitis syndromes)
- Lyme disease
- Familial Mediterranean fever
- Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever
- TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome
- Inflammatory bowel disease (Including Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)
Diseases that can mimic arthritis include:
Treatment
Treatment options vary depending on the type of arthritis and include physical and occupational therapy, lifestyle changes (including exercise and weight control), medications and dietary supplements (symptomatic or targeted at the disease process causing the arthritis). Osteoarthritis ( OA, also known as degenerative Arthritis, degenerative joint disease) is a clinical syndrome in which low-grade inflammation Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that causes the Immune system to attack the Joints, where Septic arthritis is the invasion of a Joint by an Infectious agent which produces Arthritis. Gout (also called metabolic arthritis) is a disease created by a buildup of Uric acid. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease ( CPPD) is a rheumatologic disorder with varied clinical manifestations due to precipitation of Calcium pyrophosphate This article does not deal with the more general topic of Childhood arthritis. Still's disease is a form of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, characterized by high spiking Fevers and transient Rashes named after the English Ankylosing spondylitis ( AS; previously known as Bechterew's disease, Bechterew syndrome, Marie Strümpell disease and a form of Spondyloarthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE or lupus,) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal though with recent medical advances fatalities are becoming Henoch-Schönlein purpura, also known as allergic purpura and commonly abbreviated to HSP, is a systemic Vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels characterized Psoriatic arthritis (also arthritis psoriatica, arthropathic psoriasis or psoriatic arthropathy) is a type of Inflammatory Arthritis Reactive arthritis (ReA is an Autoimmune condition that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body Haemochromatosis, also spelled hemochromatosis (see spelling differences) also called siderophilia Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) implies injury to the Liver characterized by the presence of Inflammatory cells in the tissue of Wegener's granulomatosis is a form of Vasculitis that affects the Lungs Kidneys and other organs Vasculitis (plural vasculitides) a group of diseases featuring Inflammation of the wall of Blood vessels including veins ( Phlebitis) arteries Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is an Emerging infectious disease caused by at least three Species of Bacteria belonging to the Genus Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF is a hereditary inflammatory disorder that affects groups of patients originating from around the Mediterranean Sea (hence Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever (commonly abbreviated as HIDS) is a Periodic fever syndrome originally described in 1984 by the Internist In Medicine, inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the large intestine and Small intestine Crohn's disease is a Disease of the Digestive system which may affect any part of the Gastrointestinal tract from Mouth to Anus Ulcerative colitis ( Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD In Medicine, clubbing, finger clubbing, or digital clubbing is a deformity of the Fingers and fingernails that is associated with a Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of Osteoporosis is a Disease of Bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by Parvovirus B19. Occupational Therapy, often abbreviated "OT", is the "use of productive or creative activity in the treatment or rehabilitation of physically cognitively or Arthroplasty (joint replacement surgery) may be required in eroding forms of arthritis. Arthroplasty (literally "formation of Joint " is an operative procedure of orthopaedic surgery performed in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface
In general, studies have shown that physical exercising of the affected joint can have noticeable improvement in terms of long-term pain relief. Furthermore, exercising of the arthritic joint is encouraged to maintain the health of the particular joint and the overall body of the person. [2]
Another form of non-drug treatment that does have a body of proper research to support its efficacy is marine oil, from both fish and the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus). Diets high in marine oils from cold-water fish such as salmon, mackerel, and tuna have been shown to reduce the inflammation of joint conditions such as arthritis. Massage on joints with neem oil has reported improvement in chronic and acute cases.
History
While evidence of primary ankle (kaki) osteoarthritis has been discovered in dinosaurs, the first known traces of human arthritis date back as far as 4500 BC. The 5th millennium BC saw the spread of Agriculture from the Near East throughout southern and central Europe It was noted in skeletal remains of Native Americans found in Tennessee and parts of what is now Olathe, Kansas. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Evidence of arthritis has been found throughout history, from Ötzi, a mummy (circa 3000 BC) found along the border of modern Italy and Austria, to the Egyptian mummies circa 2590 BC. Ötzi the Iceman ( pronounced) Frozen Fritz, and Similaun Man are modern nicknames of a well-preserved natural Mummy of a man A mummy is a Corpse whose Skin and Flesh have been preserved by either intentional or Incidental exposure to Chemicals extreme Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
References
- ^ Swash, M, Glynn, M. (eds). 2007. Hutchison's Clinical Methods. Edinburgh. Saunders Elsevier.
- ^ 6 reasons to exercise if you have arthritis
See also
- Arthritis Care (charity in the UK)
External links
- Arthirtis at the Open Directory Project
- American College of Rheumatology - US professional society of rheumatologists
- Arthritis Foundation - US national not-for-profit organization for arthritis
Dictionary
arthritis
-noun
- Inflammation of a joint or joints causing pain and/or disability , swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic