Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart (as opposed to veins, blood vessels carrying blood toward the heart). The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life. This is an article about the rock music band "Circulatory System" Life is a state that distinguishes Organisms from non-living objects such as non-life and dead organisms being manifested by growth through Metabolism Its proper functioning is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products, maintenance of optimum pH, and the mobility of the elements, proteins and cells of the immune system. Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the A nutrient is food or chemicals that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor In developed countries, the two leading causes of death, myocardial infarction and stroke each may directly result from an arterial system that has been slowly and progressively compromised by years of deterioration. The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed Economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain (See atherosclerosis). Atherosclerosis is a Disease affecting arterial Blood vessels It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries in large part due to the accumulation
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Description
The arterial system is the higher-pressure portion of the circulatory system. Blood pressure is also the title of a short story by Damon Runyan in Guys and Dolls and Other Stories Arterial pressure varies between the peak pressure during heart contraction, called the systolic pressure, and the minimum, or diastolic pressure between contractions, when the heart rests between cycles. Diastole is the period of time when the heart fills with blood after systole (contraction This pressure variation within the artery produces the pulse which is observable in any artery, and reflects heart activity. [1]
Anatomy
The anatomy of arteries can be separated into gross anatomy, at the macroscopic level, and microscopic anatomy, which must be studied with the aid of a microscope. Gross anatomy is the study of Anatomy at the macroscopic level. Histology (from the Greek = 'tissue' is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of Plants and A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are
Gross anatomy
- See also: Arterial tree
The arterial system of the human body is divided into systemic arteries, carrying blood from the heart to the whole body, and pulmonary arteries, carrying blood from the heart to the lungs. In Anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all Arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries The human body is the entire physical and mental structure of a Human Organism. The pulmonary arteries carry Blood from the Heart to the Lungs. The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive
Systemic arteries
- See also: Systemic circulation
- See also: Arterial tree
Systemic arteries are the arteries of the systemic circulation, which is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Systemic circulation is the portion of the Cardiovascular system which carries Oxygenated Blood away from the heart to the Body, and returns In Anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all Arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries Systemic circulation is the portion of the Cardiovascular system which carries Oxygenated Blood away from the heart to the Body, and returns This is an article about the rock music band "Circulatory System" Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual
Pulmonary arteries
- See also: Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary arteries are the arteries of the pulmonary circulation, which is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. Pulmonary circulation is the portion of the Cardiovascular system which carries Oxygen -depleted Blood away from the heart to the Lungs, and Pulmonary circulation is the portion of the Cardiovascular system which carries Oxygen -depleted Blood away from the heart to the Lungs, and This is an article about the rock music band "Circulatory System" Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive
Microanatomy
The outermost layer is known as the tunica externa formerly known as "tunica adventitia" and is composed of connective tissue. The tunica externa, also known as the tunica adventitia, is the outermost layer of a Blood vessel, surrounding the Tunica media. Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous tissue) Inside this layer is the tunica media, or media, which is made up of smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. The tunica media (or just media) ( middle coat) is the middle layer of an Artery or Vein. Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder The innermost layer, which is in direct contact with the flow of blood is the tunica intima, commonly called the intima. The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an Artery or Vein. This layer is made up of mainly endothelial cells. The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of Blood vessels forming an interface between circulating Blood in the The hollow internal cavity in which the blood flows is called the lumen. A lumen (Lat lūmen, an opening or light (pl lumina is the inside space or lining of a tubular structure such as an artery or intestine
Types of arteries
Pulmonary arteries
The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood that has just returned from the body to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. The pulmonary arteries carry Blood from the Heart to the Lungs. lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the
Systemic arteries
Systemic arteries can be subdivided into two types; muscular and elastic; according to the relative compositions of elastic and muscle tissue in their tunica media as well as their size and the makeup of the internal and external elastic lamina. The larger arteries >1cm diameter are generally elastic and the smaller ones 0. 1-10mm tend to be muscular. Systemic arteries deliver blood to the arterioles, and then to the capillaries, where nutrients and gasses are exchanged. An arteriole is a small diameter Blood vessel that extends and branches out from an Artery and leads to capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest of a body's Blood vessels measuring 5-10 μm in diameter which connect Arterioles and Venules and enable the interchange
The Aorta
The aorta is the root systemic artery. It receives blood directly from the left ventricle of the heart via the aortic valve. In the Heart, a ventricle is a heart chamber which collects Blood from an atrium (another heart chamber that is smaller than a ventricle and As the aorta branches, and these arteries branch in turn, they become successively smaller in diameter, down to the arteriole. An arteriole is a small diameter Blood vessel that extends and branches out from an Artery and leads to capillaries. The arterioles supply capillaries which in turn empty into venules. An arteriole is a small diameter Blood vessel that extends and branches out from an Artery and leads to capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest of a body's Blood vessels measuring 5-10 μm in diameter which connect Arterioles and Venules and enable the interchange A venule is a small Blood vessel that allows deoxygenated Blood to return from the Capillary beds to the larger blood vessels called Veins
Arterioles
Arterioles, the smallest of the true arteries, help regulate blood pressure by the variable contraction of the smooth muscle of their walls, and deliver blood to the capillaries. An arteriole is a small diameter Blood vessel that extends and branches out from an Artery and leads to capillaries. Blood pressure is also the title of a short story by Damon Runyan in Guys and Dolls and Other Stories
Arterioles and blood pressure
Arterioles have the greatest collective influence on both local blood flow and on overall blood pressure. An arteriole is a small diameter Blood vessel that extends and branches out from an Artery and leads to capillaries. They are the primary "adjustable nozzles" in the blood system, across which the greatest pressure drop occurs. The combination of heart output (cardiac output) and systemic vascular resistance, which refers to the collective resistance of all of the body's arterioles, are the principal determinants of arterial blood pressure at any given moment. Cardiac output (Q is the volume of blood being pumped by the Heart, in particular by a ventricle in a minute Vascular resistance is a term used to define the resistance to flow that must be overcome to push Blood through the Circulatory system. An arteriole is a small diameter Blood vessel that extends and branches out from an Artery and leads to capillaries.
Capillaries
The capillaries are where all of the important exchanges happen in the circulatory system. Capillaries are the smallest of a body's Blood vessels measuring 5-10 μm in diameter which connect Arterioles and Venules and enable the interchange This is an article about the rock music band "Circulatory System" The capillaries are a single thick cell to aid fast and easy diffusion of gases, sugars and other nutrients to surrounding tissues.
Functions of capillaries
To withstand and adapt to the pressures within, arteries are surrounded by varying thicknesses of smooth muscle which have extensive elastic and inelastic connective tissues. Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous tissue)
The pulse pressure, i. e. Systolic vs. Diastolic difference, is determined primarily by the amount of blood ejected by each heart beat, stroke volume, versus the volume and elasticity of the major arteries. Diastole is the period of time when the heart fills with blood after systole (contraction Stroke volume (SV is the volume of Blood pumped by the right/ Left ventricle of the heart in one contraction.
Over time, elevated arterial blood sugar (see Diabetes Mellitus), lipoprotein cholesterol, and pressure, smoking, and other factors are all involved in damaging both the endothelium and walls of the arteries, resulting in atherosclerosis or Diabetes Mellitus. Blood sugar, used in a physiological context is a misnomer and misleading Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly that contains both Proteins and Lipids The lipids or their derivatives may be covalently or non-covalently bound Cholesterol is a Lipid found in the Cell membranes and transported in the Blood plasma of all Animals It is an essential component of mammalian Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated Tobacco Smoking is the inhalation of smoke from burned dried or cured leaves of the Tobacco plant most often in the form of a Cigarette. The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of Blood vessels forming an interface between circulating Blood in the Atherosclerosis is a Disease affecting arterial Blood vessels It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries in large part due to the accumulation Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc
History
Among the ancient Greeks, the arteries were considered to be "air holders" that were responsible for the transport of air to the tissues and were connected to the trachea. The traceartes, or windpipe, is a tube that has an inner diameter of about 20-25 mm and a length of about 10-16 cm in humans This was as a result of the arteries of the dead being found to be empty.
In medieval times, it was recognized that arteries carried a fluid, called "spiritual blood" or "vital spirits", considered to be different from the contents of the veins. This theory went back to Galen. Galen ( Greek: Γαληνός Galēnos; Latin: Claudius Galenus, Aelius Galenus, Claudius Aelius Galenus, or In the late medieval period, the trachea,[2] and ligaments were also called "arteries". The traceartes, or windpipe, is a tube that has an inner diameter of about 20-25 mm and a length of about 10-16 cm in humans In Anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures Fibrous tissue that connects Bones to other bones [3]
William Harvey described and popularized the modern concept of the circulatory system and the roles of arteries and veins in the 17th century. William Harvey ( April 1, 1578 – June 3, 1657) was an English Physician who is credited with being the first in As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar
Alexis Carrel at the beginning of 20th century first described the technique for vascular suturing and anastomosis and successfully performed many organ transplantations in animals; he thus actually opened the way to modern vascular surgery that was before limited to vessels permanent ligatation. Alexis Carrel ( June 28, 1873 - November 5, 1944) was a French surgeon biologist and Eugenicist, who was awarded the The twentieth century of the Common Era began on
References
- ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary.
- ^ Shakespeare, William. Hamlet Complete, Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History, and Essays from Five Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1994. pg. 50.
See also
Peripheral arteries are the Arteries (specifically Arterioles and Capillaries) which are furthest from the Heart ( Mouth, Hands In Anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all Arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste productsDictionary
artery
-noun
- An efferent vessel from the heart, conveying blood away from the heart regardless of oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.
- A major transit corridor.
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