In music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch, such as a lead sheet. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. A lead sheet is a form of Music notation or transcription that specifies the essential elements of a composition in Popular music: the Melody If a musical adaptation does not include new material, it is more accurately termed a transcription. This article is about music For other uses see Transcription disambiguation page In Music, transcription is the act of notating

The American Federation of Musicians defines arranging as "the art of preparing and adapting an already written composition for presentation in other than its original form. An arrangement may include reharmonization, paraphrasing, and/or development of a composition, so that it fully represents the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic structure" (Corozine 2002, p. 3). Orchestration differs in that it is only adapting music for an orchestra or musical ensemble while arranging "involves adding compositional techniques, such as new thematic material for introductions, transitions, or modulations, and endings. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well A musical ensemble is a group of two or more Musicians who perform instrumental or vocal Music. In Music, modulation is most commonly the act or process of changing from one key ( tonic, or tonal center) to another . . Arranging is the art of giving an existing melody musical variety" (ibid).

A satisfactory musical arrangement will most likely (ibid, p. 4):

• Provide "contrast between high and low sounds"
• Avoid heavily doubled parts with an emphasis on solo sections
• Be "sufficiently transparent to allow the musical lines to be clearly heard" and
• Not have all the instruments playing throughout.

(ibid, p. 4)

Classical music

Arrangements and transcriptions of classical and serious music go back to the early history of this genre. In particular music written for the piano frequently underwent this treatment. The suite of ten piano pieces by Modest Mussorgsky Pictures at an Exhibition, has been arranged over twenty times, perhaps the most famous and notable being that of Maurice Ravel. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Моде́ст Петро́вич Му́соргский Modest Petrovič Musorgskij) ( March 21 March 9 1839 &ndash March Due to a poor grasp of the ability to do so himself, the American composer George Gershwin had his Rhapsody in Blue orchestrated and arranged by Ferde Grofé. George Gershwin (September 26 1898 &ndash July 11 1937 was an American Composer. Rhapsody in Blue is a musical composition by George Gershwin for solo piano and jazz band written in 1924 which combines elements of classical music with Ferde Grofé ( March 27 1892 &ndash April 3 1972) was an American Pianist, arranger and Composer.

Popular music

Arrangers in pop music recordings often add parts for orchestral or band instruments involving new material such that the arrangers may reasonably be considered co-composers, although for copyright and royalty purposes usually are not. Rhythm section parts are usually improvised or otherwise invented by the performers themselves using chord symbols or a lead sheet as a guide. (Rhythm section instruments include guitars, bass guitars, string basses, piano and other keyboard instruments, and drums. )

An existing pop song can be re-recorded with a different arrangement to the original. As well as different instruments, the tempo, time signature and key signature may be altered, sometimes drastically so. 2266-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl or TEMPO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH23(CMe22NO The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats In Musical notation, a key signature is a series of sharp or flat symbols placed on the staff, designating notes that are to be consistently The end result is a song that retains familiar phrases and lyrics, but offers something new. This practice was particularly popular in the late 1960s. Well known examples of this include Joe Cocker's version of The Beatles' With a Little Help from My Friends, and Ike And Tina Turner's version of Creedence Clearwater Revival's Proud Mary. Joe Cocker OBE (born 20 May 1944 is an English rock / Blues Singer who came to popularity in the 1960s and is most known for his gritty The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 " With a Little Help from My Friends " (originally titled A Little Help from My Friends) is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, released Ike Wister Turner ( November 5 1931 &ndash December 12 2007) was an American Musician, Bandleader, Creedence Clearwater Revival (often abbreviated CCR) was an American Rock and roll band who gained popularity in the late 1960s and early 1970s with " Proud Mary " is a song written by American singer and Guitarist John Fogerty. The American group Vanilla Fudge and British group Yes based their early careers on radical re-arrangements of contemporary hits. Vanilla Fudge was an American psychedelic band that recorded albums from 1967 to 1970 Yes are an English Progressive rock band that formed in London in 1968.

Some remixes, particularly in dance music, can also be considered re-arrangements in this style. A remix is an alternative version of a song different from the original version This article is about music for dancing in general You may also be looking for Electronic dance music.

Jazz

In jazz an unscored collaborative arrangement is called a "head arrangement" (Randel 2002, p. 294; it is in the head of the musician(s)). Big bands such as those of Duke Ellington, Bennie Moten, and Count Basie performed head arrangements (ibid).

Arrangements for small jazz combos are usually informal, minimal, and uncredited. This was particularly so for combos in the bebop era. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody In general, the larger the ensemble, the greater the need for a formal arrangement, although the early Count Basie big band was famous for its head arrangements, so called because they were worked out by the players themselves, memorized immediately and never written down. William "Count" Basie ( August 21, 1904 &ndash April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, Organist A big band is a type of Musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late Most arrangements for large ensembles, big bands, in the swing era, were written down, however, and credited to a specific arranger, as were later arrangements for the Count Basie big band by Sammy Nestico and Neal Hefti. Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of Jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United Samuel "Sammy" Lewis Nestico (born February 6, 1924 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania) is a prolific and well known Composer and Arranger Neal Hefti (born October 29, 1922 in Hastings Nebraska) is an American Jazz Trumpeter, Composer, Tune Don Redman made significant innovations in the pattern of arrangement in Fletcher Henderson's orchestra in the 1920s. Donald Matthew Redman ( July 29, 1900, Piedmont, West Virginia - November 30, 1964, New York) was an American Fletcher Hamilton Henderson Jr ( December 18, 1897 &ndash December 28, 1952) was an American pianist bandleader Arranger He introduced the pattern of arranging melodies in the body of arrangements and arranging section performances of the big band. Billy Strayhorn was an arranger of great renown in the Duke Ellington orchestra beginning in 1938. William Thomas "Billy" Strayhorn ( November 29, 1915 – May 31, 1967) was an American Composer, Pianist Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader.

Jelly Roll Morton is considered the earliest jazz arranger, writing down the parts when he was touring about 1912-1915 so that pick-up bands could play his compositions. Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton ( ca September 20, 1885 or October 20, 1890 – July 10, 1941) was an Big band arrangements are informally called charts. In the swing era they were usually either arrangements of popular songs or they were entirely new compositions. Duke Ellington's and Billy Strayhorn's arrangements for the Duke Ellington big band were usually new compositions, and some of Eddie Sauter's arrangements for the Benny Goodman band and Artie Shaw's arrangements for his own band were new compositions as well. Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader. William Thomas "Billy" Strayhorn ( November 29, 1915 – May 31, 1967) was an American Composer, Pianist Edward Ernest Sauter ( December 2, 1914 in Brooklyn – April 21, 1981 in New York City) was a composer and jazz arranger Arthur Jacob Arshawsky ( May 23, 1910 &ndash December 30, 2004) better known as Artie Shaw, was an American Jazz It became more common to arrange sketchy jazz combo compositions for big band after the bop era.

After 1950, the big band trend declined in number. However, several bands continued and arrangers provided renowned arrangements. Gil Evans wrote a number of large-ensemble arrangements in the late fifties and early sixties intended for recording sessions only. Gil Evans ( 13 May 1912 in Toronto Canada – 20 March 1988 in Cuernavaca, Mexico) was a Jazz Other arrangers of note included Pete Rugolo, Oliver Nelson and Johnny Richards. Pete Rugolo (born December 25, 1915) is a Sicilian-born Jazz composer and arranger Oliver Edward Nelson ( June 4, 1932 in St Louis Missouri &ndash October 28, 1975) was an American Jazz Johnny Richards ( November 2, 1911 &ndash October 7, 1968) was a Jazz Arranger and Composer in the mid-20th

Further reading

• Inside the score: A detailed analysis of 8 classic jazz ensemble charts by Sammy Nestico, Thad Jones and Bob Brookmeyer by Rayburn Wright
• Sounds and Scores : A Practical Guide to Professional Orchestration by Henry Mancini
• Arranged by Nelson Riddle by Nelson Riddle

See also

• Transcription (music)
• Orchestration
• Musical Notation
• American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers (ASMAC)
• List of music arrangers
• Category:Music arrangers

Sources

• Corozine, Vince (2002). This article is about music For other uses see Transcription disambiguation page In Music, transcription is the act of notating Orchestration is the study or practice of writing Music for Orchestra (or more loosely for any Musical ensemble) or of adapting for orchestra music composed See also Modern musical symbols Music notation or musical notation is any system which represents aurally perceived Music through the use ASMAC (American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers was founded in 1938 Notable music arrangers include Alan Broadbent William David Brohn Jorge Calandrelli Arranging Music for the Real World: Classical and Commercial Aspects. ISBN 0-7866-4961-5.
• Randel, Don Michael (2002). The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians.