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Aromanian
Armãneashce, Armãneashti, Limba armãneascã
Spoken in: Greece, Albania, Romania, Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria 
Region: Southeastern Europe
Total speakers: 300,000[1]
Language family: Indo-European
 Italic
  Romance
   Eastern Romance
    Aromanian 
Writing system: Latin alphabet (Aromanian variant) 
Official status
Official language in:
recognised as minority language in parts of:
Flag of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonia[2]
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: rup
ISO 639-3: rup
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Republic of Macedonia (Република Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Italic subfamily is a member of the Indo-European language family's Centum branch The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all The Eastern Romance languages, sometimes known as the Vlach languages, are a group of Romance languages that developed in Southeastern Europe A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. The Aromanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Aromanian language. The Republic of Macedonia (Република This is a list of bodies that regulate Standard languages Natural languages Auxiliary languages Interlingua The auxiliary language ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

Part of a series of articles on
Aromanians

Culture
Caloian · List of Aromanians
Etymology

By region or country
Greece · Albania
Macedonia · Bulgaria
Romania · Serbia

Settlements
Kruševo · Moscopole
Metsovo  · Pindus

Language

History
Self Identification
Principality of Pindus and
Voivodship of Macedonia

Related Groups
Romanians  · Morlachs
Megleno-Romanians
Istro-Romanians
v • d • e

Aromanian (limba armãneascã, armãneshce or armãneashti), also known as Macedo-Romanian, Arumanian or Vlach in most other countries, is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe. Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans For the king see king golopov Caloian is a Rain ritual in Romania, similar in some ways with Paparuda. This is a list in progress of world famous or important Aromanians and people having Aromanian ancestry There are several names of the Aromanians used throughout the Balkans both Autonyms (like armân) and Exonyms (like Vlach) Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans Vlachs ( Endonym: Rumâni, Serbian: Власи or Vlasi) are an ethnic group of Serbia, culturally and linguistically Kruševo (Крушево; Crushuva also spelt Krushevo, is a Town in Republic of Macedonia. History Although located in a rather isolated place in the mountains of southern Albania the city rose to become the most important center of the Aromanians Metsovo (Μέτσοβο Aminciu formerly Metsovon, is a town in Epirus on the mountains of Pindus in northern Greece, between Ioannina This article is about the mountain range called Pindus for other uses of these names see Pindus (disambiguation The Pindus (Πίνδος This article is about the history of the Aromanians. For the history of Northern Vlachs ( Romanians) see History of Romania. Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans The Principality of Pindus and Voivodship of Macedonia (also Pindo or Pindos, sometimes Pindus and Moglena; Principato del Pindo Printsipat di la The Principality of Pindus and Voivodship of Macedonia (also Pindo or Pindos, sometimes Pindus and Moglena; Principato del Pindo Printsipat di la Vlachs is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni Morlachs (in Serbian Morlaci or Морлаци in Greek Μαυροβλάχοι Mavrovlachi or Mauro-Vlachs, meaning "Black Vlachs " in The Megleno-Romanians or Meglen Vlachs ( Megleno-Romanian Vlashi; Greek Βλαχομογλενίτες Vlachomoglenítes) are Istro-Romanians ( Ethnonym: Vlaşi, also proper Rumâri and Rumêri; called Ćiribiri / Ćići by the local Slavic Vlachs is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe The Eastern Romance languages, sometimes known as the Vlach languages, are a group of Romance languages that developed in Southeastern Europe Its speakers are called Aromanians or Vlachs (which is an exonym in widespread use to define the communities in the Balkans). Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans Vlachs is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe An exonym (from Greek el ἔξω exo = out el ὄνομα onoma = name is a name for a place that is not used within that place by the local

It shares many features with modern Romanian, having similar morphology and syntax, as well as a large common vocabulary inherited from Latin. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance The most important dissimilarity between Romanian and Aromanian is the adstratum vocabulary: While Romanian has been influenced to a greater extent by its neighbouring Slavic languages, Aromanian has borrowed much vocabulary from the Greek language with which it has been in close contact throughout its history. In Contact linguistics, a substratum ( lat sub: under + stratum: layer → lower layer) is a Language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly

Contents

Geographic distribution

The Aromanian language and people are officially recognised as a minority in the Republic of Macedonia, but large Aromanian communities are also found in Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia as well as in Romania, where some Aromanians having migrated from the Balkans after the destruction of the Aromanian centers of Moscopole, Nicolita, Linotopi and Gramostea (Grammos region-Western Macedonia) in the northern Pindus Mountains. Aromanians (or Macedo-Rumans; in Aromanian they call themselves Armãnji, Rrãmãnji) are a people living throughout the southern Balkans The Republic of Macedonia (Република This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania History Although located in a rather isolated place in the mountains of southern Albania the city rose to become the most important center of the Aromanians

Official status

The Aromanian language has a degree of official status in the Republic of Macedonia where Aromanian is taught as an optional subject in some primary schools (in Skopje, Kruševo and Bitola) and Aromanian speakers have the right to use the language in court proceedings. The Republic of Macedonia (Република Skopje (Скопје; Shkup or Shkupi is the Capital and largest city in the Republic of Macedonia, with more than a quarter of the population Kruševo (Крушево; Crushuva also spelt Krushevo, is a Town in Republic of Macedonia. Bitola (Битола; known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. Since 2006 the Aromanian language became the second official language (after standard Macedonian) in the city of Kruševo (Crushuva). Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Kruševo (Крушево; Crushuva also spelt Krushevo, is a Town in Republic of Macedonia. [2]

History

The language is similar to Romanian and its greatest difference lies in the vocabulary. There are far fewer Slavic words in Aromanian than in Romanian, and many more Greek words, a reflection of the close contact of Aromanian with Greek through much of its history. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly

It is generally considered that sometime between 800 and 1,200 years ago, the Vulgar Latin spoken in the Balkan provinces of the Roman Empire split into four languages: Daco-Romanian (today's Romanian language), Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian. Vulgar Latin (in Latin sermo vulgaris, "folk speech" is a Blanket term covering the popular Dialects and Sociolects of the Latin See also Origin of Romanians Daco-Romanian continuity Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Megleno-Romanian (known as Vlăheşte by speakers and Moglenitic, Meglenitic or Megleno-Romanian by linguists is a Romance language Istro-Romanian is an Eastern Romance language, or a Dialect of the Romanian language. Some linguists consider the term Proto-Romanian not valid. [3]

Greek influences are much stronger in Aromanian than in other East Romance languages, especially because Aromanian used Greek words to coin new words (neologisms), while Romanian based most of its neologisms on Italian and French. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A neologism (from Greek neo = "new" + logos = "word" is a word that although devised relatively recently in a specific time period has been Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

Also, with the coming of the Turks in the Balkans, Aromanian received some Turkish words as well. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Still the lexical composition remains mainly Romance.

Dialects

The Aromanian language has several distinct dialects. There are dialects named after places that were home to significant populations of Aromanians (Vlachs); nowadays located in Albania and Greece: the Moscopole dialect (from the Metropolis of Moscopole, also known as the "Aromanian Jerusalem") and the Gramustean dialect (from the Gramostea/Grammos region of Western Macedonia). This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία History Although located in a rather isolated place in the mountains of southern Albania the city rose to become the most important center of the Aromanians There are also the Farsherotii dialects. Many linguists think that the language spoken by the Farsherots differs significantly from the other Vlachs and therefore it should be considered as a separate dialect. Also distinguished as distinct are dialects in the region of Bitola; Malovista, Gopesh, Beala di Supra near Struga, Krusevo, and the dialects east of the Vardar River in Macedonia. Kruševo (Крушево; Crushuva also spelt Krushevo, is a Town in Republic of Macedonia. The Republic of Macedonia (Република

Phonology

Grammar

The grammar and morphology are very similar to those of Romanian and unlike the other Romance languages. The definite article is a clitic particle appended at the end of the word, both the definite and indefinite articles can be inflected, and nouns are classified in three genders, with neuter in addition to masculine and feminine. In Linguistics, a clitic is a grammatically independent and phonologically dependent Word. In Linguistics, declension (or declination) is the occurrence of Inflection in Nouns Pronouns and Adjectives indicating In Linguistics, grammatical genders, sometimes also called Noun classes are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words every noun must belong

Verbs

Aromanian grammar does have some features that distinguish it from Romanian, an important one being the complete disappearance of verb infinitives which clearly puts it in the lower part of the Balkans. In Grammar, infinitive is the name for certain verb forms that exist in many languages As such, the tenses and moods that in Romanian use the infinitive (like the future simple tense and the conditional mood) are formed in other ways in Aromanian. In Grammar, the future tense is a verb form that marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet but expected to happen in the future (in an Absolute tense The conditional mood is the form of the verb used in Conditional sentences to refer to a hypothetical state of affairs or an uncertain event that is contingent on another set For the same reason, verb entries in dictionaries are given in their indicative mood, present tense, first person, singular form.

Aromanian verbs are classified in four conjugations. The table below gives some examples, indicating also the conjugation of the corresponding verbs in Romanian. [4]

Conjugation Aromanian
(ind. pres. 1st sg. )		 Romanian
(ind. pres. 1st sg. )		 Romanian
(infinitive)		 English
I cãntu
dau
lucredzu		 cânt
dau
lucrez		 a cânta I
a da I
a lucra I		 sing
give
work
II ved
şedu
armãn		 văd
şed
rămân		 a vedea II
a şedea II
a rămâne III (or a rămânea II)		 see
sit
stay
III duc
cunoscu
ardu		 duc
cunosc
ard		 a duce III
a cunoaşte III
a arde III		 carry, lead
know
burn
IV mor
fug
îndulţescu		 mor
fug
îndulcesc		 a muri IV
a fugi IV
a îndulci IV		 die
run
sweeten

Future tense

The future tense is formed in the same way as in archaic Romanian, using an auxiliary invariable particle "va" (derived from the verb "to will") and the subjunctive mood. In Grammar, the subjunctive mood (sometimes referred to as the conjunctive mood) is a Verb mood that exists in many languages

Aromanian Romanian
(archaic)		 English
va s-cãntu va să cânt I will sing
va s-cãntsã va să cânţi you (sg. ) will sing
va s-cãntã va să cânte he/she will sing
va s-cãntãm va să cântăm we will sing
va s-cãntats va să cântaţi you (pl. ) will sing
va s-cãntã va să cânte they will sing

Pluperfect tense

Whereas in Romanian the pluperfect tense (past perfect) is formed synthetically (as for instance in Portuguese), Aromanian uses a periphrastic construction with the auxiliary verb am (have) as the imperfect tense (aveam) and the past participle, as in French, except that French replaces avoir (have) with être (be) for some verbs. The pluperfect tense (from Latin plus quam perfectum more than perfect also called past perfect in English, is a Perfective Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Aromanian shares this feature with Megleno-Romanian as well as other languages in the Balkan linguistic union. Megleno-Romanian (known as Vlăheşte by speakers and Moglenitic, Meglenitic or Megleno-Romanian by linguists is a Romance language The Balkan Sprachbund or linguistic area is the ensemble of Areal features —similarity in grammar syntax vocabulary and phonology—among languages of

Only the auxiliary verb inflects according to number and person: aveam, aveai, avea, aveamu, aveatã, avea, whereas the past participle doesn't change. [5]

Aromanian Megleno-Romanian Romanian English
avea mãcatã vea mancat mâncase (he/she) had eaten
vea durmit dormise (he/she) had slept

Gerund

The gerund which exists in Aromanian is only applied to some verbs, not all. In Linguistics, “gerund” is a term used to refer to various non-finite verb forms in various languages As applied to English, These verbs are:

Situation in Greece

Even before the incorporation of various Aromanian-speaking territories into the Greek state (1832, 1912), the language was subordinated to Greek, traditionally the Aromanians' language of education and religion. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The historical studies cited below (mostly Capidan) show that especially after the fall of Moscopole (1788) the process of Hellenisation via education and religion gained a strong impetus mostly among people doing business in the cities.

Romanian Schools for Aromanians and Meglenoromanians in the Ottoman Empire (1886)
Romanian Schools for Aromanians and Meglenoromanians in the Ottoman Empire (1886)

The Romanian state began opening schools for the Romanian influenced Vlachs in the 1860s, but this initiative was regarded with suspicion by the Greeks , who thought Romania was trying to assimilate them. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 19th century travellers in the Balkans such as W M Leake and Henry Fanshawe Tozer noted that Vlachs in the Pindus and Macedonia were bi-lingual, reserving the Latin dialect for inside the home. A notable and perhaps not so well known (outside Greece) fact regarding the Greek Aromanian speakers is the contributions made by the community to the evolution and institutions of the Greek state during the 19th and early 20th Centuries. Athens Polytechnic- known as "Metsovion" (of Metsovo) - the Greek Vlach village in the Pindus from where its two main benefactors originated (Nikolaos Stournaras and Michail Tositsas), The Zappeion megaron, and the foundation of the Bank of Greece to name but a few were realised by the donations of notable Greek-Vlach benefactors. The National Technical University of Athens ( Greek: Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο National Metsovian Polytechnic) sometimes simply known The Zappeion is a building in the National Gardens of Athens in the heart of Athens Greece. The Bank of Greece ( Greek: "Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος" is the national Central bank of Greece, located in Athens The fact that this occurred at a time when the majority of Vlachs resided outside the then Kingdom of Greece served to seriously undermine any Romanian claims that they constituted a persecuted minority group. The balkans are a well known test bed for theories that assert language is a poor determinant of national consciousness. (see Bosnia, Albania etc. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. )

Romanian interference in the first half of the 20th century eventually led to antagonism between Aromanians with a Hellenic national consciousness ( pejoratively known in Romania as grecomans) who rejected what they perceived as Romanian propaganda, and those who espoused a Latin identity as promoted in the Romanian schools. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Grecomans ( Bulgarian: Гъркомани Garkomani, Macedonian: Гркомани Grkomani, Romanian: Grecomani, According to the Romanian nationalist point of view the "grecomans" and the Greek militia (known as "andarti") "terrorized" the Pindus region between 1903-1912 leading to a diplomatic crisis with Romania in 1911 (see Adina Berciu, Maria Petre: 2004). The Greek point of view maintains that the newly incorporated Romanian state was seeking to divert attention from more serious territorial disputes with Russia and Bulgaria by using Greek Vlachs as leverage. It is noteworthy that Romanian nationalists touring the Greek Vlach villages were invariably struck by the locals' lack of interest in the Romanian cause.

By 1948, the new Soviet-imposed communist regime of Romania had closed all Romanian-run schools outside Romania and since the closure, there has been no formal education in Aromanian and speakers have been encouraged to learn and use the Greek language. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This has been a process encouraged by the community itself and is not an explicit State policy. The decline and isolation of the Romanian orientated groups was not helped by the fact that they openly collaborated with the Axis powers of Italy and Germany during the occupation of Greece in WWII. Notably the vast majority of Vlachs fought in the Greek resistance and a number of their villages were destroyed by the Germans.

The issue of Aromanian-language education is a sensitive one, partly because of the resurgence in Romanian interest on the subject. Romanian nationalism maintains that Greek propaganda is still very strong in the area, inferring that Greeks define Aromanians as a sort of "Latinized Greeks". The fact remains that it is the majority of Greek Vlachs themselves that oppose the Romanian propaganda (those that espouse it having emigrated in the early 20thC), as they have done for the past 200 years. The Greek Vlachs oppose the introduction of the language into the education system as EU and leading Greek political figures have suggested, viewing it as an artificial distinction between them and other Greeks. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in For example, the former education minister, George Papandreou, received a negative response from Aromanian mayors and associations to his proposal for a trial Aromanian language education programme. The Panhellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs (Πανελλήνια Ομοσπονδία Πολιτιστικών Συλλόγων Βλάχων) expressed strong opposition to EU's recommendation in 1997 that the tuition of Aromanian be supported so as to avoid its extinction. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar [3]. On a visit to Metsovo, Epirus in 1998, Greek President Costis Stephanopoulos called on Vlachs to speak and teach their language, but its decline continues. Metsovo (Μέτσοβο Aminciu formerly Metsovon, is a town in Epirus on the mountains of Pindus in northern Greece, between Ioannina Epirus ( Greek: Ήπειρος Ípiros) is a periphery in northwestern Greece.

A recent example of the sensitivity of the issue was the 2001 conviction (later overturned in the Appeals Court) to 15 months in jail of Sotiris Bletsas [4][5], a Greek Aromanian who was found guilty of "dissemination of false information" after he distributed informative material on minority languages in Europe (which included information on minority languages of Greece), produced by the European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages and financed by the European Commission. Sotiris Bletsas ( Greek: Σωτήρης Μπλέτσας is an architect and Aromanian language activist from Greece. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. His conviction met with broad condemnation in Greece [6] and it emerged that his case was zealously pursued by Aromanian leaders who viewed themselves as patriotic Greeks and felt affronted by the suggestion that they belonged to a "minority". Bletsas was eventually acquitted [7].

Language sample

Tatã a nostru
cai eshci pi tser,
s-ayisascã numa a Ta,
s-yinã Amirãrilja a Ta,
s-facã vreare-a Ta,
cum pi tserlu,
ashi sh-pisti loc.
Pãne-a nostrã atsea di cathi dzuã dã-nã-u sh-azã
shi ljartã-nã amãrtiile-a noastre
ashi cum lji-ljirtãm sh-a amãrtoshlor a noshci.
Shi nu nã-du la pirazmo,
ala aveaglji-nã di atsel arãulu.
Cã a Ta easte Amirãrilja shi puteare
a Tatãlui shi Hiljlui shi a Ayului Spirit,
torã, totãna shi tu eta-a etilor.
Amen.

(the Lord's Prayer - source)

Tuti iatsãli umineshtsã s-fac liberi shi egali la nãmuzea shi-ndrepturli. The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known Prayer in Christianity. Eali suntu hãrziti cu fichiri shi sinidisi shi lipseashti un cu alantu sh-si poartã tu duhlu-a frãtsãljiljei.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights), translated by Dina Cuvata

Comparison with Romanian

The following text is given for comparison in Aromanian and in Romanian, with an English translation. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly ( 10 December 1948 at Palais Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance The spelling of Aromanian is that decided at the Bitola Symposium of August 1997. The word choice in the Romanian version was such that it matches the Aromanian text, although in modern Romanian other words might have been more appropriate. The English translation is only provided as a guide to the meaning, with an attempt to keep the word order as close to the original as possible.

Aromanian Romanian English
Vocala easti un son dit zburãrea-a omlui, faptu cu tritsearea sonorã, libirã sh-fãrã cheadicã, a vimtului prit canalu sonor (adrat di coardili vocali shi ntreaga gurã) icã un semnu grafic cari aspuni un ahtari son. Vocala este un sunet din vorbirea omului, făcut cu trecerea sonoră, liberă şi fără piedică, a vîntului prin canalul sonor (compus din coardele vocale şi întreaga gură) sau un semn grafic care reprezintă un atare sunet. The vowel is a sound in human speech, made by the sonorous, free and unhindered passing of the air through the sound channel (composed of the vocal cords and the whole mouth) or a graphic symbol corresponding to that sound.
Ashi bunãoarã, avem shasili vocali tsi s-fac cu vimtul tsi treatsi prit gurã, iu limba poati si s-aflã tu un loc icã altu shi budzãli pot si sta dishcljisi unã soe icã altã. Aşa bunăoară, avem şase vocale ce se fac cu vîntul ce trece prin gură, unde limba poate să se afle într-un loc sau altul şi buzele pot să stea deschise un soi sau altul. This way, we have six vowels that are produced by the air passing through the mouth, where the tongue can be in one place or another and the lips can be opened in one way or another.
Vocalili pot s-hibã pronuntsati singuri icã deadun cu semivocali i consoani. Vocalele pot să fie pronunţate singure sau deodată cu semivocale sau consoane. The vowels can be pronounced alone or together with semivowels or consonants.
 

Common words and phrases

English Aromanian
Aromanian (person) (m. ) Armãn, (f. ) Armãnã
Aromanian (language) Limba armãneascã, Armãneashce
Greetings! Buna dzuã!
What's your name? Cum ti chljamã?
How are you? Cum hits? (formal) Cum eshci? (informal)
What are you doing? Tsi fats?
Goodbye! S-nã videm cu ghine!
Bye! Ciao!
Please. Vã-plãcãrsescu. (formal) Ti-plãcãrsescu (informal)
Sorry. Ãnj-easte jale.
Thank you. Haristo.
Yes. Da.
No. Nu.
I don't understand. Nu achicãsescu.
Where's the bathroom? Iu easte toaletlu?
Do you speak English? Zburats anglicheashce?
I am a student. Mine escu studentu.

See also

Eastern Romance languages
Vulgar Latin language
Substratum
Daco-Romanian (Romanian, Moldovan, Vlach)
Grammar | Nouns | Verbs
Numbers | Phonology | Lexis
Regulating bodies
Aromanian
Megleno-Romanian
Istro-Romanian
Grammar

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ [1] Ethnologue report of maximum and minimum numbers
  2. ^ Aromanians
  3. ^ Зборник на трудови од мегународниот научен симпозиум „Власите на Балканот“, Скопје 2002/2004
  4. ^ Iancu Ianachieschi-Vlahu Gramatica armãneascã simplã shi practicã, Crushuva 1993, 1997; Μιχάλη Μπογιάτζη Βλαχική ήτοι μάκεδοβλαχική γραμματική Βιέννη, and Κατσάνης Ν. , Κ. Ντίνας, 1990, Γραμματική της κοινής Κουτσοβλαχικής.
  5. ^ Iancu Ianachieschi- Vlahu Gramatica simplã shi practicã, Crushuva 1993, 1997.

External links


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