Citizendia

An aroma compound, also known as odorant, aroma, fragrance, flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. Flavor or flavour is the sensory impression of a Food or other substance, and is determined A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. A chemical compound has a smell or odor when two conditions are met: the compound needs to be volatile, so it can be transported to the olfactory system in the upper part of the nose, and it needs to be in a sufficiently high concentration to be able to interact with one or more of the olfactory receptors. The Olfactory helps and relates sense of smell. The olfactory system is the Sensory system used for Olfaction. Olfactory receptors expressed in the Cell membranes of Olfactory receptor neurons are responsible for the detection of Odor molecules

Aroma compounds can be found in food, wine, spices, perfumes, fragrance oils, and essential oils. Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living Fragrance oil (s also known as aroma oils, aromatic oils, and flavor oils, are blended synthetic Aroma compounds or natural Essential An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile For example, many form biochemically during ripening of fruits and other crops. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as Ripening is a process in Fruits that causes them to become more Edible. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. In wines, most form as byproducts of fermentation. The process of fermentation in Wine is the Catalyst function that turns Grape juice into an Alcoholic beverage. Odorants can also be added to a dangerous odorless substance, like natural gas, as a warning. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, As well many of the aroma compounds plays a significant role in the production of flavorants, which are used in the food service industry to flavor, improve and increase the appeal of their products. Flavor or flavour is the sensory impression of a Food or other substance, and is determined

Contents

Aroma compounds classified by functional group

Alcohols

Aldehydes

Amines

Esters

Ethers

Ketones

Lactones

Terpenes

Thiols

Miscellaneous compounds

Aroma compound receptors

Animals which are capable of smell detect aroma compounds with olfactory receptors. Benzyl alcohol is an Organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO is a chemical compound consisting of a Benzene ring with an Aldehyde substituent The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L Ethyl maltol, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone, 2-ethyl pyromeconic acid, or C7H8O3 is an analog of Maltol, where Furaneol, or strawberry furanone, is a natural Organic compound used in the flavor and perfume industry because of its sweet Strawberry aroma Garden strawberries are a common variety of strawberry cultivated worldwide A herbaceous plant (or in botanical use a Herb) is a Plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of cis -3-Hexen-1-ol, also known as ( Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and leaf alcohol, is a colorless oily liquid with an intense grassy-green Odor Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include Menthol is an Organic compound made synthetically or obtained from Peppermint or other mint oils Peppermint ( Mentha × piperita) is a hybrid mint, a cross between Watermint ( Mentha aquatica) and Spearmint Acetaldehyde, sometimes known as ethanal, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C[[Hydrogen H]]3CH O or MeCHO Pungency (also called piquancy) is a sharp and biting sensory impression Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO is a chemical compound consisting of a Benzene ring with an Aldehyde substituent For the character in the animated internet cartoon see Homestar Runner. The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L Hexanal, or hexanaldehyde, is an Alkyl Aldehyde used in the flavor industry to produce fruity flavors Cinnamic aldehyde or cinnamaldehyde (more precisely trans -cinnamaldehyde, the only naturally-occurring form is the Chemical compound that Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum, synonym C zeylanicum) is a small Evergreen Tree 10–15 metres (32 Citral, or 37-dimethyl-26-octadienal or lemonal, is either of a pair of Terpenoids with the molecular formula C 10 H 16 Cymbopogon is a genus of about 55 species of grasses, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Old World and Oceania. The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants cis -3-Hexenal, also known as ( Z)-3-hexenal and leaf aldehyde, is colorless liquid and an Aroma compound with an intense grassy-green The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum, syn Lycopersicon lycopersicum) is a herbaceous usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family The Chemical compound furfural is an industrial chemical derived from a variety of agricultural byproducts including corncobs, Oat and Oats redirects here It may mean either the common cereal oat discussed here or any cultivated or wild species of the Genus Avena. Citral, or 37-dimethyl-26-octadienal or lemonal, is either of a pair of Terpenoids with the molecular formula C 10 H 16 Cymbopogon is a genus of about 55 species of grasses, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Old World and Oceania. Vanillin, methyl vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an Organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3 Vanilla is a Flavoring derived from Orchids of the genus Vanilla native to Mexico. Cadaverine is a foul-smelling molecule produced by Protein Hydrolysis during Putrefaction of animal tissue Indole is an Aromatic heterocyclic Organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered Benzene ring fused to a five-membered Jasmine or Jessamine ( Jasminum) (from Persian yasmin, ie "gift from God" via Arabic) is a Genus of Shrubs Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the Anus Putrescine (sometimes spelled putrescin or putrescene) is an organic chemical compound N[[Hydrogen H]]2( CH sub>24NH2 Pyridine is a Chemical compound with the formula C5[[Hydrogen H5]] N. Skatole or 3-methylindole is a mildly Toxic White Crystalline Organic compound belonging to the Indole family In a substitution reaction, a Functional group in a particular Chemical compound is replaced by another group Pyrazine is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with Point group D2h Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a plant in the family Fabaceae. Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum) also commonly called cilantro, is an annual Herb in the family Apiaceae. Alkylpyrazines are chemical compounds based on Pyrazine with different substitution patterns Methoxypyrazines are a class of chemical compounds that produce odors Trimethylamine is an Organic compound with the formula N(CH33 Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Ethyl acetate ( systematically, ethyl ethanoate commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA is the Organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3 A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. Ethyl butyrate, also known as ethyl butanoate, or butyric ether, is an Ester with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH3 The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also Refractive index | --> Isoamyl acetate, also known as isopentyl acetate, is an Organic compound that is the Ester formed from Isoamyl For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation. Methyl butyrate, also known under the systematic name methyl butanoate, is the Methyl Ester of Butyric acid. The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. Methyl salicylate ( Chemical formula C6H4(HOCOOCH3 also known as salicylic acid methyl ester, oil of wintergreen, Wintergreen is a group of plants Wintergreen once commonly referred to Plants that continue Photosynthesis (remain Green) throughout the Winter Pentyl butyrate, also known as pentyl butanoate or amyl butyrate, is an Ester that is formed when Pentanol is reacted with Butyric A pear is a pomaceous Fruit produced by a tree of Genus Pyrus. The Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca, "Armenian plum" in Latin syn Pentyl pentanoate (C4H9COOC5H11 is an Ester used in dilute solution to replicate the scent or flavour of Apple, The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. Pineapple ( Ananas comosus) is the common name for an edible Tropical Plant and also its Fruit It is native to the southern part of Brazil Sotolon (also known as sotolone, caramel furanone, sugar lactone and fenugreek lactone) is a Lactone and an extremely powerful Maple syrup is a sweetener made from the sap of Maple trees In Canada and the United States it is most often eaten with waffles and pancakes Curry is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes best known in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a plant in the family Fabaceae. Ethyl methylphenylglycidate, commonly known as "strawberry aldehyde" is an Organic compound used in the flavor industry in artificial fruit flavors particularly Garden strawberries are a common variety of strawberry cultivated worldwide Fructone, also known as apple ketal and applinal, is a synthetic Aroma compound with a fruity apple-like smell with pineapple strawberry Anethole (or trans -anethole is an Aromatic compound that accounts for the distinctive " Licorice " flavor of Anise, Fennel Liquorice (UK or licorice (US (see spelling differences;, or) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted '''Anise''' or Aniseed, less commonly anís (stressed on the second syllable ( Pimpinella anisum) is a Flowering plant in the family Apiaceae Ouzo (ούζο is an Anise -flavored Liqueur that is widely consumed in Greece. Fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare) is a Plant Species in the Genus Foeniculum (treated as the sole species in the genus by Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is a Colorless Liquid with a smell similar to that of Anise seed and can be quite nauseating '''Anise''' or Aniseed, less commonly anís (stressed on the second syllable ( Pimpinella anisum) is a Flowering plant in the family Apiaceae Eugenol (C10H12O2 is an allyl chain-substituted Guaiacol. Eugenol is a member of the Phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds Oil of cloves, also known as Clove oil, is an Essential oil from the Clove plant Syzygium aromaticum. Cork taint is a broad term referring to a set of undesirable smells or tastes found in a bottle of Wine, especially spoilage that can only be detected after bottling aging and Cork taint is a broad term referring to a set of undesirable smells or tastes found in a bottle of Wine, especially spoilage that can only be detected after bottling aging and Oct-1-en-3-one (CH2=CHC(=O(CH24CH3 also known as 1-octen-3-one, is the odorant that is responsible for the typical 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, abbreviated 2AP, with the IUPAC name 1-(34-dihydro-2 H -pyrrol-5-ylethanone is an Aroma compound and Flavor 6-Acetyl-2345-tetrahydropyridine, with the IUPAC name 1-(3456-tetrahydropyridin-2-ylethanone is an Aroma compound and Flavor that gives Massoialactone is an Alkyl Lactone derived from the bark of the Massoia tree ( Cryptocaria massoia) which is found throughout Malaysia though } Camphor is a waxy white or transparent solid with a strong aromatic odor Cinnamomum camphora (commonly known as Camphor tree, Camphorwood or camphor laurel) is a large Evergreen Tree that Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid. A rose is a perennial flowering Shrub or vine of the Genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species Linalool (lɪˈnæloʊɒl is a naturally-occurring Terpene Alcohol chemical found in many Flowers and Spice plants with many commercial A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also Citrus is a common term and Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum) also commonly called cilantro, is an annual Herb in the family Apiaceae. Nerol is a natural monoterpene found in many Essential oils such as Lemongrass. A rose is a perennial flowering Shrub or vine of the Genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species Nerolidol, also known as peruviol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the Essential oils of many types of plants and flowers Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Bark, also known as periderm is the outermost layer of stems and Roots of Woody plants such as Trees It overlays the Wood and consists Terpineol is a naturally occurring monoterpene Alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as Cajuput oil, Pine oil, and The unrelated but somewhat similar-looking Chinaberry ( Melia azedarach) is sometimes called "lilac" too Thujone is a Ketone and a monoterpene that exists in two stereoisomeric forms (+-3-thujone or α-thujone and (−-3-thujone Junipers are Coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Common sage ( Salvia officinalis) is a small perennial Evergreen Subshrub, with woody stems grayish leaves and blue to purplish flowers Nootka Cypress ( Callitropsis nootkatensis) formerly Cupressus nootkatensis Xanthocyparis nootkatensis or Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, is Artemisia is a large diverse Genus of plants with between 200-400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. Thymol is a Monoterpene phenol derivative of Cymene, C10H14OH Isomeric with Carvacrol, found in oil of Thyme (ˈtaɪm is a well known herb in common usage the name may refer to either the any or all members of the plant Genus Thymus, Ethanethiol is the Organic compound with the formula CH3CH2SH The durian ( is the Fruit of trees from the Genus Durio belonging to the The leek, Allium ampeloprasum var porrum (L also sometimes known as Allium porrum, is a vegetable which belongs along with the Onion and Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Grapefruit mercaptan is the common name for a natural Organic compound found in Grapefruit. Methanethiol (also known as methyl mercaptan) is a colorless gas with a smell like rotten Cabbage. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn For other uses of THT, see THT (disambiguation Tetrahydrothiophene is a Heterocyclic Organic compound Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Olfaction (also known as olfactics or smell) refers to the Sense of smell. Olfactory receptors expressed in the Cell membranes of Olfactory receptor neurons are responsible for the detection of Odor molecules Olfactory receptors are cell membrane receptors on the surface of sensory neurons in the olfactory system which detect air-borne aroma compounds. In Biochemistry, a receptor is a Protein molecule embedded in either the Plasma membrane or Cytoplasm of a cell to which a mobile signaling Sensory neurons are Neurons that are activated by sensory input (vision touch hearing etc The Olfactory helps and relates sense of smell. The olfactory system is the Sensory system used for Olfaction.

In mammals, olfactory receptors are expressed on the surface of the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands The nasal cavity (or nasal fossa) is a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face

References

  1. ^ a b D. Glindemann, A. Dietrich, H. Staerk, P. Kuschk, (2005). "The Two Odors of Iron when Touched or Pickled: (Skin) Carbonyl Compounds and Organophosphines". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45 (42): 7006 - 7009. Angewandte Chemie is a weekly Peer-reviewed Chemistry journal that covers all disciplines of chemistry doi:10.1002/anie.200602100. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  

See also

External links

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