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Standard symbol for an Army Group / Front
Standard symbol for an Army Group / Front

An army group is a military organization consisting of several field armies, which is self-sufficient for indefinite periods. A Front (фронт was a major Military organization in the Soviet Army, roughly equivalent to an Army group in the military terminology of other countries A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking A Field Army, usually referred to simply as an Army, is a term used by many national Military forces for a formation superior to a Corps and beneath an It is usually responsible for a particular geographic area. An army group is the largest field organization handled by a single commander — usually a full General or Field Marshal — and it generally includes between 400,000 and 1,500,000 troops. For other meanings see Field Marshal (disambiguation Field marshal is a military officer rank

In the Soviet Red Army and Polish Armed Forces an army group was known as a Front. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Wojsko Polskie ( WP, Polish Army) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland. A Front (фронт was a major Military organization in the Soviet Army, roughly equivalent to an Army group in the military terminology of other countries The equivalent of an army group in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) was a General Army (Sō-gun (総軍?)). The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku

Army groups may be multi-national formations. For example, during World War II, the Southern Group of Armies (also known as the U. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Sixth United States Army Group was an Army Group of the Allies during World War II, and as contained armies from both the United States Army S. 6th Army Group) comprised the U.S. Seventh Army and the French First Army; the 21st Army Group comprised the British Second Army, the Canadian First Army and the US Ninth Army. The Seventh United States Army, formerly the United States Army Europe, is the land component of United States European Command. The First Army (Ire Armée was a field Army of France that fought during World War I and World War II. The 21st Army Group was a formation comprising British and Canadian forces stationed in the United Kingdom The British Second Army existed in both the First and Second World Wars World War I During World War I, the army was formed on The First Canadian Army was the senior Canadian operational formation in Europe during the Second World War. The Ninth United States Army was one of the main US Army combat commands used during the campaign in northwest Europe in 1944 and 1945

Contents

World War II

China

Main article: Army Groups of the National Revolutionary Army
Main article: Group Army

A Chinese "army group" was usually equivalent in numbers only to a field army in the terminology of other countries. The Army Group (集團軍 (sometimes also referred to as Group Army) was the largest conventional mobile formation in the organization of the National Revolutionary Army A Group Army (集團軍 is a major form of Chinese Military organization, and is equivalent to Field army or Army group in other militaries On 16 May 1940, Zhang Zizhong, commander of the 33rd Army Group was killed in action in Hubei province. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Not to be confused with fellow general Zhang Zhizhong. Zhāng Zìzhōng ( Traditional Chinese: 張自忠 Simplified Chinese ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. He was the highest ranking Chinese officer to be killed in the war.

Germany

The German Army was organized into army groups (Heeresgruppen). (See List of German Army Groups in WWII. This is a list of German Army Groups in World War II Army Group 1 Army Group 2 Army Group 3 Army ) Some of these army groups were multinational, containing armies from several Axis countries. For example Army Group Africa contained both German and Italian corps. As the number of German armed forces committed to the North Africa Campaign of World War II grew from the initial commitment of a small corps the Germans developed a more elaborate

Japan

Main article: Armies of the Imperial Japanese Army

During World War II there were six General Armies:

In April 1945, the Boei So-Shireibu (translated as "General Defense Command" or "Home Defense General Headquarters" and similar names) was split into three General Armies:

By August 1945, these comprised two million personnel in 55 divisions and numerous smaller independent units. The was a headquarters organization equivalent to an Army group within the Imperial Japanese Army established to control all land and air units stationed within officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The Japanese city of ( is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest of Japan 's After the surrender of Japan, the IJA was dissolved, except for the Dai-Ichi So-Gun, which existed until November 30, 1945 as the 1st Demobilization Headquarters. The surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

Soviet Union

The Soviet Army was organized into Fronts (фронт) which were often as large as an army group. A Front (фронт was a major Military organization in the Soviet Army, roughly equivalent to an Army group in the military terminology of other countries (See List of Soviet fronts in World War II. A Front (фронт was a major Military organization in the Soviet Army, roughly equivalent to an Army group in the military terminology of other countries ) Some of the Fronts contained Allied formations raised in exile. For example, the Polish First Army was part of the 1st Belorussian Front. The Polish First Army (Pierwsza Armia Wojska Polskiego 1 AWP for short was a Polish Army unit formed in the Soviet Union in 1944 from previously existing Polish I Corps The 1st Belorussian Front (alternative spellings are 1st Byelorussian Front and 1st Belarusian Front) was a Front of the

Western Allies

In April 1944, the previously informal British-United States collaboration in the European Theater was strengthened by the establishment in London of a formal planning headquarters called Chief of Staff Supreme Allied Command, or COSSAC, and in February 1944, this headquarters was replaced by the final interallied headquarters for the Theater—Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces (SHAEF). Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (abbreviated as SHAEF, pronounced "shāf" was the headquarters of the Commander of Allied forces SHAEF was the operational command, headed by General Dwight D. Eisenhower, that planned the invasion and issued operational commands once the invasion took place. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general General Eisenhower also became (in January 1944) the commanding general of the European Theater of Operations United States Army (ETOUSA) that was responsible for the administration of American forces in the theater (dealing with matters such as pay and recreation). The European Theater of Operations (ETO is the term used in the United States to refer to US operations north of Italy and The staff organizations of SHAEF and ETOUSA were distinct. As a rule, each headquarters had its own staff sections manned by separate personnel. The staff organization in SHAEF was headed by the Chief of Staff and had as an important officer the Secretary of the General Staff. The G-2 and G-3 divisions of SHAEF, which comprise a portion of this accession, functioned according to the United States War Department General Staff pattern.

SHAEF had operational control over three inter-Allied ground commands known as Army Groups. The initial two were the Twenty-first Army Group and the Twelfth Army Group, and in September 1944, operational command of the Sixth Army Group (which had landed in the south of France during Operation Dragoon) passed from AFHQ to SHAEF. The 21st Army Group was a formation comprising British and Canadian forces stationed in the United Kingdom The Sixth United States Army Group was an Army Group of the Allies during World War II, and as contained armies from both the United States Army Operation Dragoon was the Allied invasion of southern France, on 15 August, 1944, as part of World War II. Allied Forces Headquarters was the headquarters that controlled all Allied operational forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II from late As part of the pre-invasion deception plan called Operation Quicksilver, a paper army group called First United States Army Group (FUSAG) was set up, but it never had more than a token presence. First United States Army Group was a fictitious Army Group invented by the Allies in World War II prior to D-Day, as part of Operation Quicksilver

Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) in the Mediterranean theater also had operational command of the Fifteenth Army Group (a multi national army group) fighting in Italy. Allied Forces Headquarters was the headquarters that controlled all Allied operational forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II from late The African Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre of World War II encompasses naval land and air campaigns between Allied and Axis forces

South East Asia Command (SEAC) in the South-East Asian theater had operational command of the British 11th Army Group that was later reorganised and redesignated Allied Land Forces South East Asia (ALFSEA). South East Asia Command (SEAC was the body set up to be in overall charge of Allied operations in the South-East Asian Theatre during World War II. The South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was the name given to the campaigns of the Pacific War in India, Thailand, Like most other Western Allied army groups, ALFSEA cordinatied a mixture of Allied forces from several nations.

NATO 'Army Groups'

Northern Army Group
Northern Army Group
Central Army Group
Central Army Group

During the Cold War, NATO land forces in what was designated the Central Region (most of the Federal Republic of Germany) would have been commanded in wartime by two 'Army Groups'. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Under Allied Forces Central Europe and alongside air force elements, the two Army Groups would have been responsible for the defence of Germany against any Soviet/Warsaw Pact invasion. Joint Force Command Brunssum is the NATO military command based at Brunssum, the Netherlands. The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. These two Principal Subordinate Commanders (PSCs) had only limited peacetime authorities, and issues such as training, doctrine, logistics, and rules of engagement (ROE) were largely a national, rather than Alliance, responsibility.

The two formations were the 'Northern Army Group' (NORTHAG) and the 'Central Army Group' (CENTAG). Joint Force Command Brunssum is the NATO military command based at Brunssum, the Netherlands. By World War II and previous standards these two formations were only armies, as they contained four corps each. [1] NORTHAG consisted, from north to south, of I Netherlands Corps (I (NE) Corps), I German Corps (I (GE) Corps), I (BR) Corps, and I Belgian Corps (I (BE) Corps). The I Corps was a military formation, specifically a field corps headquarters of the British Army Its commander was the British commander of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR CENTAG consisted, from north to south, of III GE Corps, V US Corps, VII US Corps, and II (GE) Corps in the extreme south of the Federal Republic of Germany. The V Corps ( Fifth Corps)—nicknamed the Victory Corps —is a Corps of the United States Army. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The commander of the U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army commanded CENTAG. The Seventh United States Army, formerly the United States Army Europe, is the land component of United States European Command.

In November 1991, the NATO heads of state and government adopted the "New Strategic Concept" at the NATO Summit in Rome. This new conceptual orientation led, among other things, to fundamental changes both in the force and integrated command structure. Structural changes began in June 1993, when HQ Central Army Group at Heidelberg and Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) at Mönchengladbach, GE were deactivated and replaced by Headquarters Allied Land Forces Central Europe (LANDCENT), which was activated at Heidelberg on 1 July 1993. Joint Force Command Brunssum is the NATO military command based at Brunssum, the Netherlands. Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Mönchengladbach (mœnçənˈglatbax is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Joint Force Command Brunssum is the NATO military command based at Brunssum, the Netherlands. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar)

References

  1. ^ David C Isby & Charles Kamps Jr, Armies of NATO's Central Front, Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1985
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