Armenian alphabet - Citizendia

Armenian alphabet
Type	Alphabet
Spoken languages	Armenian
Created by	Saint Mesrob The king of Armenia at that time (405 or 406):Vramshapuh The Patriarch of Armenia:Sahak Partev
Time period	405 to the present
Parent systems	Proto-Canaanite alphabet → Phoenician alphabet → Greek alphabet → Armenian alphabet
Sister systems	Latin Cyrillic Coptic
Unicode range	U+0530 to U+058F, U+FB13 to U+FB17
ISO 15924	`Armn`

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Saint Mesrop Mashtots (Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց (361 or 362 Hatsik in Taron - February 17, 440, Echmiadzin) was an Armenian Events By Place Western Roman Empire Stilicho orders the Sibylline Books burned The Proto-Canaanite alphabet is a consonantal alphabet of twenty-two acrophonic glyphs found in Levantine texts of the Late Bronze Age (from ca The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The Coptic alphabet is the script used for writing the Coptic language. Unicode ’s ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of Writing systems (scripts In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

The Armenian alphabet is an alphabet that has been used to write the Armenian language since the year 405 or 406. An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Events By Place Western Roman Empire Stilicho orders the Sibylline Books burned Events By Place Western Roman Empire Roman legions in Britain mutiny against Honorius and select Up to the 19th century, Classical Armenian had been the literary language; since then, the Armenian alphabet is used to write the two modern, literary and spoken dialects – Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian – which were developed during the same period. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Classical Armenian (գրաբար Grabar, meaning "literary" also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form Eastern Armenian is one of the two modern Dialects of Armenian (an Indo-European language) spoken in the Caucasus Mountains (particularly in Western Armenian (արեւմտահայերէն is one of the two modern Dialects of Armenian, an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian diaspora ^[1]

The Armenian word for "alphabet" is այբուբեն (CA, EA: [aɪbubɛn], or WA: [aɪpʰupʰɛn]), named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet. Classical Armenian (գրաբար Grabar, meaning "literary" also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form Eastern Armenian is one of the two modern Dialects of Armenian (an Indo-European language) spoken in the Caucasus Mountains (particularly in Western Armenian (արեւմտահայերէն is one of the two modern Dialects of Armenian, an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian diaspora

The alphabet

Letter	Name					Pronunciation			Transliteration	Numerical Value
	Traditional Orthography	Reformed Orthography	Pronunciation			Classical Armenian	Eastern Armenian	Western Armenian	Classical Armenian (ISO 9985)
	Traditional Orthography	Reformed Orthography	Classical Armenian	Eastern Armenian	Western Armenian	Classical Armenian	Eastern Armenian	Western Armenian	Classical Armenian (ISO 9985)
Ա ա	այբ		[aɪb]		[aɪpʰ]	[ɑ]			a	1
Բ բ	բեն		[bɛn]		[pʰɛn]	[b]		[pʰ]	b	2
Գ գ	գիմ		[gim]		[kʰim]	[g]		[kʰ]	g	3
Դ դ	դա		[dɑ]		[tʰɑ]	[d]		[tʰ]	d	4
Ե ե	եչ		[jɛtʃʰ]			[ɛ], initially [jɛ]¹			e	5
Զ զ	զա		[zɑ]			[z]			z	6
Է է	է		[ɛː]	[ɛ]		[ɛː]	[ɛ]		ē	7
Ը ը	ըթ		[ətʰ]			[ə]			ë	8
Թ թ	թո		[tʰo]			[tʰ]			t‘	9
Ժ ժ	ժէ	ժե	[ʒɛː]	[ʒɛ]		[ʒ]			ž	10
Ի ի	ինի		[ini]			[i]			i	20
Լ լ	լիւն	լյուն	[lʏn]²			[l]			l	30
Խ խ	խէ	խե	[χɛː]	[χɛ]		[χ]			x	40
Ծ ծ	ծա		[tsɑ]	[tsʼɑ]	[dzɑ]	[ts]	[tsʼ]	[dz]	ç	50
Կ կ	կեն		[kɛn]	[kʼɛn]	[gɛn]	[k]	[kʼ]	[g]	k	60
Հ հ	հո		[ho]			[h]			h	70
Ձ ձ	ձա		[dzɑ]		[tsʰɑ]	[dz]		[tsʰ]	j	80
Ղ ղ	ղատ		[ɫɑt]	[ʁɑtʼ]	[ʁɑd]	[l], or [ɫ]	[ʁ]		ġ	90
Ճ ճ	ճէ	ճե	[tʃɛː]	[tʃʼɛ]	[ʤɛ]	[tʃ]	[tʃʼ]	[ʤ]	č̣	100
Մ մ	մեն		[mɛn]			[m]			m	200
Յ յ	յի	հի	[ji]	[hi]		[j]	[h]³, [j]		y	300
Ն ն	նու		[nu]			[n]			n	400
Շ շ	շա		[ʃɑ]			[ʃ]			š	500
Ո ո	ո		[o]	[vo]		[o], initially [vo]⁴			o	600
Չ չ	չա		[tʃʰɑ]			[tʃʰ]			č	700
Պ պ	պէ	պե	[pɛː]	[pʼɛ]	[bɛ]	[p]	[pʼ]	[b]	p	800
Ջ ջ	ջէ	ջե	[ʤɛː]	[ʤɛ]	[tʃʰɛ]	[ʤ]		[tʃʰ]	ǰ	900
Ռ ռ	ռա		[rɑ]	[ɾɑ]		[r]	[ɾ]		ṙ	1000
Ս ս	սէ	սե	[sɛː]	[sɛ]		[s]			s	2000
Վ վ	վեւ	վեվ	[vɛv]			[v]			v	3000
Տ տ	տիւն	տյուն	[tʏn]	[tʼʏn]⁵	[dʏn]	[t]	[tʼ]	[d]	t	4000
Ր ր	րէ	րե	[ɹɛː]	[ɹɛ]⁶	[ɾɛ]	[ɹ]⁶		[ɾ]	r	5000
Ց ց	ցո		[tsʰo]			[tsʰ]			c‘	6000
Ւ ւ	հիւն	N/A⁷	[hʏn]			[w]	[v]⁸		w	7000
Փ փ	փիւր	փյուր	[pʰʏɹ]⁹		[pʰʏɾ]	[pʰ]			p‘	8000
Ք ք	քէ	քե	[kʰɛː]	[kʰɛ]		[kʰ]			k‘	9000
Added during the thirteenth century
Օ օ	օ		[o]			[o]			ò	N/A
Ֆ ֆ	ֆէ	ֆե	[fɛː]	[fɛ]		[f]			f	N/A
Letter	Traditional Orthography	Reformed Orthography	Classical Armenian	Eastern Armenian	Western Armenian	Classical Armenian	Eastern Armenian	Western Armenian	Classical Armenian (ISO 9985)	Numerical Value
	Traditional Orthography	Reformed Orthography	Pronunciation			Classical Armenian	Eastern Armenian	Western Armenian	Classical Armenian (ISO 9985)
	Name					Pronunciation			Transliteration

Notes

In the table above, the superscript "h" ([ʰ]) is the diacritic for aspiration in the International Phonetic Alphabet; an apostrophe ([’]) indicates an ejective consonant. The system of Armenian numerals is a historic Numeral system created using the Majuscules (uppercase letters of the Armenian alphabet. There are various systems of Romanization of the Armenian alphabet. There are various systems of Romanization of the Armenian alphabet. The system of Armenian numerals is a historic Numeral system created using the Majuscules (uppercase letters of the Armenian alphabet. Description Voiceless consonants are produced with the Vocal cords open and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed In Phonetics, ejective consonants are Voiceless Consonants that are pronounced with simultaneous closure of the Glottis.

As initial sound ye /jɛ/, in other respects e /ɛ/. The reason is that the y /j/ falls out in compounds e. In Linguistics, a compound is a Lexeme (less precisely a Word) that consists of more than one stem. g. եղբայր (ełbayr, /jɛʀˈbajɹ/ (brother)), but մորեղբայր (morełbayr, /moɹɛʀˈbajɹ/ (brother of the mother).
Using reformed orthography, the name of <լ> is pronounced [lyun]. The Spelling reform of the Armenian language 1922-1924 was a spelling reform of the Armenian alphabet conducted in the Armenian SSR.
Only in Traditional orthography when at the beginning of a word and for stems within a word.
As initial sound vo /vo/, in other respects o /o/. The reason is that the /v/ falls out in compounds e. In Linguistics, a compound is a Lexeme (less precisely a Word) that consists of more than one stem. g. որդի (ordi, /voɹˈtʰi/ (son), but քեռորդի (k‘eṙordi, /kʰeroɹˈtʰi/ (son of the uncle on the mother‘s side).
Using reformed orthography, the name of <տ> is pronounced [tʼyun].
In practice, only Iranian-Armenians say [ɹ]; Eastern Armenians from the Republic of Armenia have shifted the Classical Armenian [ɹ] (ր) to [ɾ]. Armenian Iranians (Armenian "Իրանահայ" translit Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani
In reformed orthography, this letter has been replaced with the monophthong <ու> which represents [u].
Usually it represents /v/ but there are some exceptions. In Classical Armenian աւ at the beginning of a word (if followed by a consonant) represents /au/ (like in down), e. Classical Armenian (գրաբար Grabar, meaning "literary" also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form g. աւր (awr, /auɹ/, day). (Due to a sound shift in the Middle Ages this pronunciation has changed to /oɹ/ and since the 13th century written as օր (ōr); the original monophthong ու (representing /ov/ or /ou/) became /u/; the monophthong իւ (iw) represents /ju/ (the spelling reform in Soviet Armenia replaced ի (i) with յ (y) and ւ (w) with ու (ow), forming the diphthong յու).
Using reformed orthography, the name of <փ> is pronounced [pʰjuɾ].

Ligatures

Ancient Armenian manuscripts used many ligatures to save space. Some of the commonly used ligatures are: ﬓ (մ+ն), ﬔ (մ+ե), ﬕ (մ+ի), ﬖ (վ+ն), ﬗ (մ+խ), և (ե+ւ), etc. After the invention of printing Armenian typefaces made a wide use of ligatures as well. It is important to note that in new orthography the և character is not a typographical ligature anymore, and must never be treated as such. It is a distinct letter and has its place in the new alphabetic sequence.

Punctuation marks

In Armenian ( , ) is a comma, ( : ) is the ordinary period, and ( ' ) is used as period for abbreviations. A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot) is the Punctuation mark commonly placed at the A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot) is the Punctuation mark commonly placed at the The question mark ( ՞ ) is placed between the last and the penultimate letters of the question word. The question mark (? also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces The short stop ( ՝ ) placed in the same manner as the question mark, indicates a short pause that is longer than that of a comma, but shorter than that of a semicolon. The interjection sign ( ՛ ) is placed between the penultimate and last letter of the interjection. An interjection is a Part of speech that usually has no connection with the rest of the sentence and simply expresses Emotion on the part of the speaker ( « » ) are used for quotation marks. Quotation marks or inverted commas (informally referred to as quotes and speech marks) are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech ( ՜ ) is used as the exclamation mark.

Transliteration

Main article: Romanization of Armenian

ISO 9985 (1996) transliterates the Armenian alphabet for modern Armenian as follows:

t’

č̣

ṙ

c’

p’

k’

In linguistic literature on Classical Armenian, slightly different systems are in use (in particular note that č has a different meaning). There are various systems of Romanization of the Armenian alphabet. There are various systems of Romanization of the Armenian alphabet. Hübschmann-Meillet (1913) have

t῾

č῾

r̄

c῾

p῾

k῾

History and evolution

History of the alphabet
Middle Bronze Age 19 c. The history of the Alphabet begins in Ancient Egypt, more than a millennium into the History of writing. The Middle Bronze Age alphabets are two similar Undeciphered scripts dated to be from the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE and believed to be ancestral BCE Ugaritic 15 c. The Ugaritic alphabet is a Cuneiform Abjad (alphabet without vowels used from around 1500 BCE for the Ugaritic language, an extinct BCE Phoenician 14–11 c. The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC BCE Paleo-Hebrew 10 c. The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, also know as Ktav Ivri, is an offshoot of the ancient Semitic alphabet (see the akin Phoenician alphabet) BCE Samaritan 6 c. The Samaritan alphabet is a direct descendant of the paleo-Hebrew variety of the Phoenician alphabet. BCE Aramaic 8 c. The Aramaic alphabet is an Abjad, a Consonantal Alphabet, used for writing Aramaic. BCE Brāhmī & Indic 6 c. Brāhmī script refers to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of alphabets. The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries (writing systems used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia, BCE Tibetan 7 c. The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language CE Khmer/Javanese 9 c. The Khmer script (អក្ខរក្រមខេមរភាសា âkkhârâkrâm khémârâ phéasa informally aksar Khmer អក្សរខ្មែរ is used to write the The Javanese script, natively known as Carakan ( Tjarakan) is the script originally used to write Javanese. CE Hebrew 3 c. The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף-בֵּית עִבְרִי alephbet ’ivri) consists of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. BCE Syriac 2 c. The Syriac alphabet is a Writing system used to write the Syriac language from around the 2nd century BC. BCE Arabic 4 c. The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. CE Pahlavi 3 c. BCE Avestan 4 c. The Avestan alphabet is a writing system developed during the Sassanid era (226-651 in Iran to render the Avestan language. CE Greek 9 c. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early BCE Etruscan 8 c. Old Italic refers to several now extinct Alphabet systems used on the Italian Peninsula in ancient times for various Indo-European (predominantly Italic BCE Latin 7 c. BCE Runic 2 c. CE Gothic 3 c. This article is about the 4th century alphabet of the Gothic bible CE Armenian 405 CE Glagolitic 862 CE Cyrillic 10 c. The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by CE Paleohispanic 7 c. The Paleohispanic scripts are the writing systems created in the Iberian peninsula before the Latin alphabet became the dominant script BCE Epigraphic South Arabian 9 c. The ancient South Arabian alphabet (also known as musnad المُسند branched from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet in about the 9th century BC. BCE Ge'ez 5–6 c. Ge'ez (gez ግዕዝ) also called Ethiopic, is an Abugida script that was originally developed to write Ge'ez, a Semitic language BCE
Meroitic 3 c. The Meroitic script is an Alphabetic script originally derived from Egyptian hieroglyphs used to write the Meroitic language of the Kingdom of Meroë / BCE
Ogham 4 c. Ogham (ogam ˈɔɣam Modern Irish or, English) is an Early Medieval Alphabet used primarily to represent the Old Irish language (and CE
Hangul 1443 CE
Canadian syllabics 1840 CE
Zhuyin 1913 CE
complete genealogy

The Armenian alphabet was created by Saint Mesrop Mashtots in AD 405 primarily for a Bible translation in the Armenian language. Canadian Aboriginal syllabic writing', or simply syllabics, is a family of Abugidas {dubious}} used to write a number of Aboriginal Canadian Nearly all the segmental scripts (loosely " Alphabets " but see below for more precise terminology used around the globe appear to have derived from the Saint Mesrop Mashtots (Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց (361 or 362 Hatsik in Taron - February 17, 440, Echmiadzin) was an Armenian Events By Place Western Roman Empire Stilicho orders the Sibylline Books burned The Bible has been translated into many languages from the Biblical languages of Hebrew and Greek. Various scripts have been credited with being the prototype for the Armenian alphabet, including Pahlavi, Syriac, and Phoenician. The Syriac alphabet is a Writing system used to write the Syriac language from around the 2nd century BC. The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC It has also been suggested that Ethiopic had an influence on certain letters of the alphabet^[2]. However, the order of the letters suggests that it was likely based on the Greek alphabet. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early

Although both dialects of modern Armenian — Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian — use the same alphabet, due to the Western Armenian sound shift some letters are pronounced in a different way. Eastern Armenian is one of the two modern Dialects of Armenian (an Indo-European language) spoken in the Caucasus Mountains (particularly in Western Armenian (արեւմտահայերէն is one of the two modern Dialects of Armenian, an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian diaspora This matters for the following letters (further information in the chart below):

Stop consonants
- բ ([b] to [pʰ]) and պ ([p] to [b])
- դ ([d] to [tʰ]) and տ ([t] to [d])
- գ ([g] to [kʰ]) and կ ([k] to [g])

Affricate consonants
- ջ ([d͡ʒ] to [t͡ʃʰ]) and ճ ([t͡ʃ] to [d͡ʒ])
- ձ ([d͡z] to [t͡sʰ]) and ծ ([t͡s] to [d͡z])

Saint Mesrop Mashtots and a scholar, at the stone one can see the original letters (i. A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a Consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the Vocal tract. Affricate Consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or) but release as a fricative (such as or or occasionally into Saint Mesrop Mashtots (Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց (361 or 362 Hatsik in Taron - February 17, 440, Echmiadzin) was an Armenian e. only uppercase) in their original shapes

The number and order of the letters have changed over time. In the Middle Ages two new letters (օ [o], ֆ [f]) were introduced in order to better represent foreign sounds; this increased the number of letters from 36 to 38. Furthermore, the diphthong աւ followed by a consonant used to be pronounced [au] (as in down) in Classical Armenian, f. In Phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (from Greek grc δίφθογγος "diphthongos" literally "with two sounds" or "with Classical Armenian (գրաբար Grabar, meaning "literary" also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form e. աւր (awr, [auɹ], day). Due to a sound shift it became pronounced [oɹ], and since the 13th century it is written as օր (ōr). In Classical Armenian, աւ followed by a consonant represented the diphthong au; e. g. hawr (father's), arawr (plough), now written hôr, arôr; one word has kept aw, now pronounced av: աղաւնի pigeon; there are also a few proper names still having aw before a consonant: Տաւրռս Taurusn, Փաւստոս Faustus, etc. For this reason, today there are native Armenian words beginning with the letter օ (ō) although this letter was taken from the Greek alphabet to express the pronunciation of foreign words beginning with o [o]. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early

From 1922 to 1924, Soviet Armenia adopted a Reformed spelling of the Armenian language. The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Հայկական ՍովետականՍոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Haykakan Sovetakan Sotsialistakan Hanrapetutyun The Spelling reform of the Armenian language 1922-1924 was a spelling reform of the Armenian alphabet conducted in the Armenian SSR. This generally did not change the pronunciation of individual letters, with some exceptions. The Armenian Diaspora (including Armenians in Lebanon and Iran) have rejected the Reformed spelling and continue to use the classical Mashtotsian spelling. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. They criticize some aspects (see the footnotes of the chart) and allege political motives behind the reform.

Use of the Armenian alphabet for other languages

As Petross Ter Matossian from Columbia University informs, for about 250 years, from the early 18th century until around 1950, more than 2000 books were printed in the Turkish language using letters of the Armenian alphabet. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Not only Armenians read Armeno-Turkish, but also the non-Armenian (including the Ottoman Turkish) elite. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Armenian alphabet was also used alongside the Arabic alphabet on official documents of the Ottoman Empire, but was written in the Ottoman language. Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the For instance, the first novel to be written in the Ottoman Empire was 1851's Akabi Hikayesi, written in the Armenian script by Hovsep Vartan. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Also, when the Armenian Duzoglu family managed the Ottoman mint during the reign of Abdulmejid, they kept records in the Armenian script, but in the Turkish language. The king of Armenia was Vramshapuh at that time (405-406). The Patriarch of all Armenians was Sahak Partev.

Kipchak, Kurdish, and Arabic were also written using Armenian characters, though not in as widespread a way as Turkish. The Kipchak language (also spelled Qypchaq) is an extinct Turkic language of the Kipchak group The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language

Character Encodings

Unicode

The Armenian alphabet is one of the five modern European alphabetic scripts identified in the Unicode standard version 4. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's 0. (The other modern European alphabets are Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, and Georgian. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The Georgian alphabet (ქართული დამწერლობა is the writing system currently used to write the Georgian language and other South Caucasian ) ^[3] It is assigned the range U+0530–058F.

	Armenian Unicode.org chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+053x		Ա	Բ	Գ	Դ	Ե	Զ	Է	Ը	Թ	Ժ	Ի	Լ	Խ	Ծ	Կ
U+054x	Հ	Ձ	Ղ	Ճ	Մ	Յ	Ն	Շ	Ո	Չ	Պ	Ջ	Ռ	Ս	Վ	Տ
U+055x	Ր	Ց	Ւ	Փ	Ք	Օ	Ֆ			ՙ	՚	՛	՜	՝	՞	՟
U+056x		ա	բ	գ	դ	ե	զ	է	ը	թ	ժ	ի	լ	խ	ծ	կ
U+057x	հ	ձ	ղ	ճ	մ	յ	ն	շ	ո	չ	պ	ջ	ռ	ս	վ	տ
U+058x	ր	ց	ւ	փ	ք	օ	ֆ	և		։	֊

Five Armenian ligatures are encoded in the "Alphabetic presentation forms" block (code point range U+FB13–FB17)

	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+FB1x				ﬓ	ﬔ	ﬕ	ﬖ	ﬗ

Obsolete

ArmSCII-8

ArmSCII-8 is the 8-bit encoding of the Armenian Standard Code for Information Interchange, developed between 1991 and 1999. ARMSCII or ArmSCII is the Acronym of the Armenian Standard Code for Information Interchange ^[4] It uses part of the upper 128 codes in an 8-bit encoding to represent the Armenian alphabet, leaving the lower 128 codes for another alphabetic script (often Latin or Cyrillic). This allows a single font to represent two alphabetic scripts. For example, the Latin characters could occupy part of the first 128 codes (e. g. ASCII) while the Armenian characters would occupy part of the upper 128 codes. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII)

ArmSCII-8 was popular on the Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems. To be able to read in Armenian, users had to download a font that implements the ArmSCII-8 encoding. To be able to write in Armenian, users first had to download and install a freeware program that ran in the taskbar. There were two popular programs, one named KD Win, and the other called "Armenian National Language Support. "^[5] With these programs, a user would be able to type in both Armenian and another alphabetic script without having to change fonts, switching between writing scripts and keyboard layouts by invoking a keyboard shortcut (often Alt + Shift).

With the development of the more advanced Unicode standard and its availability on the Windows 2000/XP/2003 and Linux operating systems, the ArmSCII-8 encoding has been rendered obsolete. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Nevertheless, ArmSCII-8 can still be found in use on some websites, which have not yet made the transition to Unicode.

Arasan-compatible

Arasan-compatible fonts are based on the encoding of the original Arasan font, which simply replaces the Latin characters (amongst others) of the ASCII encoding with Armenian ones. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) For example, the ASCII code for the Latin character <A> (65) represents the Armenian character <Ա>.

An advantage of Arasan-compatible fonts over ArmSCII-8 fonts is that writing does not require the installation of a separate program; once the font is installed and selected for use, one can use their QWERTY keyboard to type in Armenian. QWERTY (ˈkwɜː(rti is the most common modern-day Keyboard layout on English-language computer and Typewriter keyboards It takes its A disadvantage over ArmSCII-8 is that an Arasan-compatible font can only be used for one alphabetic script; therefore, the user must change the Font family when creating a multi-script document (e. g. both Armenian and English). Another disadvantage is that Arasan-compatible fonts only come in one keyboard layout: Western Armenian phonetic.

While Arasan-compatible fonts were popular among many users on Windows 95 and 98, it has been rendered obsolete by the Unicode standard. However, a few websites continue to use it.

The Arasan font's legacy is the phonetic Armenian keyboard layouts that ship with Windows 2000/XP/2003, which are almost identical to the Arasan keyboard layout.

Computer Fonts

The Armenian alphabet is available for use on personal computers in a variety of operating systems as installable fonts. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination The native Windows XP font Sylfaen implements the Unicode Armenian character set. For the Typeface, see Sylfaen (typeface Sylfaen is a Welsh word meaning foundation. The open source package DejaVu fonts implements the Unicode Armenian character set and is popular on Linux. Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Note that since they are portable, fonts from one operating system (e. g. Windows) may be installed on another (e. g. Linux).

Keyboard Layouts

An operating system can be configured to use a variety of keyboard layouts to suit the user's needs. QWERTY keyboardjpg|thumb|right|300px|QWERTY keyboard on a Laptop of 2007]]A keyboard layout is any specific mechanical, visual, or functional For example, both English and Western Armenian keyboard layouts may be configured, with the user being able to switch between the two using a keyboard shortcut (often alt + shift).

Windows 2000/XP/2003

Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows 2003 ship with two Armenian language keyboard layouts: Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian. ^[6] They are both based on the keyboard layout of a popular Armenian font for Windows 95 named Arasan. These keyboard layouts are generally phonetic. However, since some letters in the Armenian alphabet do not have an obvious corresponding character in the Latin alphabet, they are often approximated (for example, Խ maps to Q). Also, since there are more letters in the Armenian alphabet (38) than in Latin (26), some Armenian characters appear on non-alphabetic keys on a conventional English language keyboard (for example, շ maps to ,). QWERTY (ˈkwɜː(rti is the most common modern-day Keyboard layout on English-language computer and Typewriter keyboards It takes its

Western Armenian keyboard layout of Windows 2000/XP/2003

Eastern Armenian keyboard layout of Windows 2000/XP/2003

Armenian keyboard layouts for Windows 2000/XP/2003 created by third parties include the Armenian Phonetic Eastern and the Armenian Typewriter Eastern. Western Armenian (արեւմտահայերէն is one of the two modern Dialects of Armenian, an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian diaspora Eastern Armenian is one of the two modern Dialects of Armenian (an Indo-European language) spoken in the Caucasus Mountains (particularly in ^[7]

Use of Armenian keyboard layouts on Windows 2000/XP/2003 systems require explicit configuration by the user. ^[8]

Linux

Each Linux distribution may come pre-configured with a unique set of keyboard layouts. A Linux distribution (also called GNU/Linux by distributions such as Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Mandriva and To provide some consistency amongst themselves, Linux distributions often pull their layouts from the XKeyboard Configuration component of Freedesktop.org. As of November, 2006, Freedesktop. org contains 5 Armenian keyboard layouts, including 2 layouts identical to the ones from Windows XP. ^[9] As of version 10. 1, SUSE Linux supports 2 Armenian keyboard layouts; it does not include the Windows XP layouts, but it is possible to manually install these. SUSE (ˈsuːsə German ˈzuːzə is a major retail Operating system, produced worldwide and supported by Novell Inc ^[10]

Use of Armenian keyboard layouts on Linux usually requires explicit configuration by the user. Users of the GNOME desktop may do so by using the GNOME Keyboard Indicator applet. A gnome is a Mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean lifestyle ^[11]

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