Commune of Arles The Roman arena in Arles
Location
Coordinates	43°40′41″N, 04°37′46″E
Administration
Country	France
Region	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department	Bouches-du-Rhône (Subprefecture)
Arrondissement	Arles
Canton	Chief town of 2 cantons: Arles-Est and Arles-Ouest
Intercommunality	Agglomeration community of Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette
Mayor	Hervé Schiavetti (PCF) (2001-2008)
Statistics
Elevation	0 m–57 m (avg. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA ( Provençal Occitan: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur in classical norm or Prouvènço-Aup-Costo d'Azur in Mistralian In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Bouches-du-Rhône ( Occitan: Bocas de Ròse, lit "Mouths of the Rhône River" is a department in the south of France named after the Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Arles is an arrondissement of France located in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. The Communauté d'agglomération Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette (CCAM was created on January 1 2004 A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 10 m)
Land area¹	758. 93 km²
Population² (2005)	52,600
- Density	66/km² (2005)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	13004/ 13200
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E

Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	France
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iv
Reference	164
Region†	Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription	1981  (5th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO.

This article is about the city in France. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. Asia Minor, Cyprus, all of the Aegean Islands, the Canaries A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex For the medieval kingdom see Kingdom of Arles. The Kingdom of Arles ( Arelat) was a Frankish dominion surrounding Arles, established in 933 by combining Upper and Lower Burgundy

Arles (Provençal Occitan: Arles in both classical and Mistralian norms) is a city in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence. Provençal ( Provençau) is one of several dialects of Occitan spoken by a minority of people mostly in Provence (in southern France Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Bouches-du-Rhône ( Occitan: Bocas de Ròse, lit "Mouths of the Rhône River" is a department in the south of France named after the In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. The Kingdom of France was organised into Provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 2.1 Roman Arles 2.2 Importance 2.3 Medieval Arles 2.4 Modern Arles 3 Main sights 4 Archaeology 5 Miscellaneous 5.1 People 5.2 Twin towns 6 See also 7 Sources and external links 8 References

Geography

The Rhône river forks into two branches just upstream of Arles, forming the Camargue delta. The Rhone, or the Rhône is one of the major Rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France. The Camargue ( Occitan: Camarga in classical norm or Camargo in Mistralian norm is located south of Arles, France, between the A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river Because the Camargue is administratively part of Arles, the commune as a whole is the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory, although its population is only slightly more than 50,000. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole, or colloquially l'Hexagone) is the part of France located in Europe, including Its area is 758. 93 km², which is more than seven times the area of Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

History

For the Ecclesiastical history see Archbishopric of Arles

Roman Arles

Arles was established by the Greeks as early as the 6th century BC under the name of Theline. The former French Catholic Archbishopric of Arles had its episcopal see in the city of Arles, in southern France. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca It was captured by the Celtic Salluvii in 535 BC, who renamed it to Arelate. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Salyes (Gr Σάλυες also sallyes, salyi, salluvii) in ancient Geography, a people occupying the plain South of the Druentia ( Durance Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city, with a canal link to the Mediterranean Sea being constructed in 104 BC. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC However, it struggled to escape the shadow of Massalia (Marseille) further along the coast. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ

Its chance came when it sided with Julius Caesar against Pompey, providing military support. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation Massalia backed Pompey; when Caesar emerged victorious, Massalia was stripped of its possessions, which were transferred to Arelate as a reward. The town was formally established as a colony for veterans of the Roman legion Legio VI Ferrata, which had its base there. A veteran (from Latin vetus, meaning "old" is a person who has or is working in the armed forces For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Legio VI Ferrata ( Ironclad) was a Roman legion. Ferrata was not the only name that Legion VI was called it was also known as Fidelas Constans Its full title as a colony was Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum, "the ancestral Julian colony of Arles of the soldiers of the Sixth. "

Importance

Roman Arelate was a city of considerable importance in the province of Gallia Narbonensis. Gallia Narbonensis ( Narbonese Gaul) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. It covered an area of some 99 acres (400,000 m²) and possessed a wide array of monuments, including an amphitheatre, triumphal arch, Roman circus, theatre and a full circuit of walls. The Arles Amphitheatre is a Roman Amphitheatre in the southern French town of Arles. A triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental Archway, in theory built to celebrate a victory in war actually used to celebrate a ruler The Roman Circus was a large open-air venue used for public events in the ancient Roman Empire. The Roman theatre is a theatre building built by the Romans for watching theatrical performances. It was closer to the sea than it is now and served as a major port. It also had (and still has) the southernmost bridge on the Rhone. Very unusually, the Roman bridge was not fixed but used a pontoon-style bridge of boats, with towers and drawbridges at each end. A " bridge of boats " istype of Bridge which floats on water instead of having permanent pillars The boats were secured in place with anchors and by being tethered to twin towers built just upstream of the bridge. This unusual design was a way of coping with the river's frequent violent floods, which would have made short work of a conventional bridge. Nothing now remains of the Roman bridge, which has been replaced by a more modern bridge near the same spot.

The city reached a peak of influence during the 4th and 5th centuries, when it was frequently used as headquarters for Roman Emperors during military campaigns. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC In 395 it became the seat of the Praetorian Prefecture of the Gauls, governing the western part of the Western Empire: Gaul proper plus Hispania (Spain) and Armorica (Brittany). Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Armorica or Aremorica is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul that includes the Brittany Peninsula and the territory between the Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into

It became a favorite city of Emperor Constantine I, who built baths there, substantial remains of which are still standing. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine This page is on buildings used for Roman bathing For the activity in general see Ancient Roman bathing. His son, Constantine II, was born there. Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in English as Constantine II, (316 – 340 was Roman Emperor from 337 to 340 Usurper Constantine III declared himself emperor in the West (407–411) and made Arles his capital in 408. Usurpers are individuals or groups of individuals who obtain and maintain the power or rights of another by force and without legal authority Constantine III (died 411 by September 18) was a Roman general who declared himself Western Roman Emperor in 407 abdicating in 411 (and being killed For the area code see Area code 408. Events By Place Western Roman Empire In the summer of this year

Arles became renowned as a cultural and religious centre during the late Roman Empire. It was the birthplace of the sceptical philosopher Favorinus. Favorinus of Arelata (ca 80&ndash160 was a Hellenistic Sophist and Philosopher who flourished during the reign of Hadrian. It was also a key location for Roman Christianity and an important base for the Christianization of Gaul. The historical phenomenon of Christianization (or Christianisation &mdash see spelling differences) the conversion of individuals to Christianity The city's bishopric was held by a series of outstanding clerics, beginning with Saint Trophimus around 225 and continuing with Saint Honoré, then Saint Hilary in the first half of the 5th century. According to Catholic lore, Saint Trophimus of Arles (also called Trophime) was the first Bishop of Arles, in today's southern France. Saint Hilary of Arles (c 403-449 was a Bishop of Arles. In early youth he entered the Abbey of Lérins then presided over by his kinsman Honoratus The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the Visigothic kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St Caesarius, bishop of Arles 503–542, who was suspected by the Arian Visigoth Alaric II of conspiring with the Burgundians to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, and was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine, and again in 512 when Arles held out against Theodoric the Great, Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to Ravenna to explain his actions before the Ostrogothic king. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East For others with this name see Caesarius. Saint Caesarius of Arles (468/470&ndash 27 August 542) sometimes called "of Alaric II, also known as Alarik Alarich and Alarico in Spanish and Portuguese or Alaricus in Latin (d The Burgundians or Burgundes were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose Theodoric the Great (454 – August 30, 526) known to the Romans as Flavius Theodoricus, was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526 ruler of Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late ^[1]

The friction between the Arian Christianity of the Visigoths and the Catholicism of the bishops sent out from Rome established deep roots for religious heterodoxy, even heresy, in Occitan culture. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Heterodoxy includes "any opinions or doctrines at variance with an official or orthodox position" Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan At Treves in 385, Priscillian achieved the distinction of becoming the first Christian burned alive for heresy (Manichaean in his case, see also Cathars, Camisards). Trier (Trèves Luxembourgish: Tréier; Augusta Treverorum is a City in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River. Priscillian, Bishop of Ávila (died 385 a theologian from Roman Gallaecia (in the Iberian Peninsula) was the first person in the Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief Manichaeism (in Modern Persian fa-Arab آیین مانی Āyin e Māni; Chinese zh 摩尼教 was one of the major Gnostic Religions originating Camisards were French Protestants ( Huguenots) of the rugged and isolated Cevennes region of south-central France, who raised an insurrection against Despite this tension and the city's decline in the face of barbarian invasions, Arles remained a great religious centre and host of church councils (see Council of Arles), the rival of Vienne, for hundreds of years. "Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person either in a general reference to a member of a nation or Ethnos perceived Arles in the south of Roman Gaul, modern France hosted several councils (Concilium Arelatense or Synods in the early Christian church Vienne is a commune in east central France, located 20 miles south of Lyon, on the Rhône River.

Medieval Arles

Arles was badly affected by the invasion of Provence by the Muslim Saracens and the Franks, who took control of the region in the 8th century. Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. In 855 it was made the capital of a Frankish Kingdom of Arles, which included Burgundy and part of Provence, but was frequently terrorised by Saracen and Viking raiders. Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor The Kingdom of Arles ( Arelat) was a Frankish dominion surrounding Arles, established in 933 by combining Upper and Lower Burgundy Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas In 888, Rodolphe, Count of Auxerre (now in north-western Burgundy), founded the kingdom of Bourgogne Transjurane (literally, beyond the Jura mountains), which included western Switzerland as far as the river Reuss, Valais, Geneva, Chablais and Bugey. This article is about the year AD 888 For other uses see 888 (disambiguation. Auxerre (pronounced) is a commune in the Bourgogne region of north-central France, between Paris and Dijon. Upper Burgundy (also Transjurane Burgundy fr Bourgogne transjurane, also Transjurania) is the part of Burgundy west of the Jura mountains The Valais ( German:) is one of the 26 Cantons of Switzerland in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rhône from its Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Chablais was a former province of the Duchy of Savoy, with its historic capital in Thonon-les-Bains. The Bugey ( Arpitan: Bugê) is a historical region in the département of Ain ( En) France

In 933, Hugh of Arles ("Hugues de Provence") gave his kingdom up to Rodolphe II, who merged the two kingdoms into a new Kingdom of Arles. Events By Place Europe Cotentin and Jersey are seized by William Longsword, Duke of Normandy. Hugh of Arles or Hugh of Provence (before 887 &ndash 10 April 948) was King of Italy from 924 until his death In 1032, King Rodolphe III died, and the Kingdom was inherited by Emperor Conrad II the Salic. Rudolf III of Burgundy (called Rudolf der Faule in German and Rodolphe le Fainéant meaning sluggard or do-nothing or - le Pieux the Pious in French Conrad II (c 990&ndash June 4, 1039) was the son of a mid-level nobleman in Franconia, Count Henry of Speyer and Adelaide of Alsace who inherited Though his successors counted themselves kings of Arles, few went to be crowned in the cathedral. Most of the territory of the Kingdom was progressively incorporated into France. During these troubled times, the amphitheatre was converted into a fortress, with watchtowers built at each of the four quadrants and a minuscule walled town being constructed within. The Arles Amphitheatre is a Roman Amphitheatre in the southern French town of Arles. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors The population was by now only a fraction of what it had been in Roman times, with much of old Arles lying in ruins.

The town regained political and economic prominence in the 12th century, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa traveling there in 1178 for his coronation. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned In the 12th century, it became a free city governed by an elected podestat (chief magistrate; literally "power"), who appointed the consuls and other magistrates. For information on the phantom island of the same name see Podesta (island. Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire It retained this status until the French Revolution of 1789. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Arles joined the countship of Provence in 1239 but suffered its prominence being eclipsed once more by Marseille. In 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV ceded the remnants of the Kingdom of Arles to the Dauphin of France (later King Charles VI of France) and the Kingdom ceased to exist even on paper. Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France—strictly Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the Heir apparent of the Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the

Modern Arles

Arles remained economically important for many years as a major port on the Rhône. The arrival of the railway in the 19th century eventually killed off much of the river trade, leading to the town becoming something of a backwater. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar

This made it an attractive destination for the painter Vincent van Gogh, who arrived there on 21 February 1888. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He was fascinated by the Provençal landscapes, producing over 300 paintings and drawings during his time in Arles. Many of his most famous paintings were completed there, including The Night Cafe, the Yellow Room, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and L'Arlésienne. The Night Café (original French title Le Café de nuit) is an oil painting executed on industrial primed canvas of size 30 ( French standard Bedroom in Arles ( French: La Chambre à Arles; Dutch: Slaapkamer te Arles) is the title given to each of three similar paintings Starry Night over the Rhone (September 1888) is one of Vincent van Gogh 's paintings of Arles at night it was painted at a spot on the banks L'Arlésienne, L'Arlésienne (Madame Ginoux, or Portrait of Madame Ginoux are titles given to six Paintings by Vincent van Gogh, painted in Arles Paul Gauguin visited van Gogh in Arles. Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903 was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. However, van Gogh's mental health deteriorated and he became alarmingly eccentric, culminating in the infamous ear-severing incident in December 1888. The concerned Arlesians circulated a petition the following February demanding that van Gogh be confined. In May 1889 he took the hint and left Arles for the asylum at nearby Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. Saint-Rémy-de-Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Sant Romieg de Provença in classical and Sant Roumié de Prouvènço in Mistralian norms

Main sights

Arles has important remains of Roman times, which have been listed as World Heritage Sites since 1981. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex They include:

• The Roman theater
• The arena or amphitheater
• The Alyscamps (Roman necropolis)
• The Thermae of Constantine
• The cryptoporticus (currently closed to the public)

The Church of St. Trophime (Saint Trophimus), formerly a cathedral, is a major work of Romanesque architecture, and the representation of the Last Judgment on its portal is considered one of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture, as are the columns in the adjacent cloister. The Roman theatre is a theatre building built by the Romans for watching theatrical performances. The Arles Amphitheatre is a Roman Amphitheatre in the southern French town of Arles. The Alyscamps is a large Roman Necropolis, which is a short distance outside the walls of the old town of Arles, France. A necropolis (plural necropoleis or necropoles) is a large Cemetery or burial place (from Greek nekropolis "city of the dead" This page is on buildings used for Roman bathing For the activity in general see Ancient Roman bathing. In Ancient Roman Architecture a cryptoporticus (from Latin Crypta ' and porticus) is a covered corridor or passageway The Church of St Trophime ( Trophimus) is a Roman Catholic church and former Cathedral built between the 12th century and the 15th According to Catholic lore, Saint Trophimus of Arles (also called Trophime) was the first Bishop of Arles, in today's southern France. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which In Christian eschatology, the Last Judgment or Day of the Lord is the judgment by God of every human who ever lived A cloister (from Latin claustrum) is a part of Cathedral, Monastic and Abbey architecture

The town also has an outstanding museum of ancient history, the Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques, with one of the best collections of Roman sarcophagi to be found anywhere outside Rome itself. A sarcophagus is a Funeral receptacle for a Corpse, most commonly carved or cut from stone Another museum is the Museon Arlaten. However, perhaps surprisingly given the town's importance to van Gogh, none of his works are on display in Arles.

Archaeology

Main article: Arles portrait bust

In September-October 2007 divers led by Luc Long from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research, headed by Michel L'Hour, discovered a life-sized marble bust of an apparently important Roman person in the Rhone River near Arles, together with smaller statues of Marsyas in hellenistic style and of the god Neptune from the third century AD. In the Rhone River near Arles, southern France, divers from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research headed by Michel L'Hour discovered in September-October The Rhone, or the Rhône is one of the major Rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France. In Greek mythology, the Satyr Marsyas ( gr) appeared in two vignettes: in one he picked up the double flute ( Aulos Neptune (Neptūnus is the god of water and the sea in Roman mythology, a brother of Jupiter and Pluto. The larger bust was tentatively dated to 46 BC. Since the bust displayed several characteristics of an ageing person with wrinkles, deep naso-labial creases and hollows in his face, and since the archaeologists believed that Julius Caesar had founded the colony Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum in 46 BC, the scientists came to the preliminary conclusion that the bust depicted a life-portrait of the Roman dictator: France's Minister of Culture Christine Albanel reported on May 13, 2008, that the bust would be the oldest representation of Caesar known today. Christine Albanel (born 24 June 1955 in Toulouse, France) is a French civil servant ^[3] The story was picked up by all larger media outlets. ^[4][5] The realism of the portrait was said to place it in the tradition of late Republican portrait and genre sculptures. The archaeologists further claimed that a bust of Julius Caesar might have been thrown away or discreetly disposed of, because Caesar's portraits could have been viewed as politically dangerous possessions after the dictator's assassination.

Historians and archaeologists not affiliated with the French administration, among them the renowned archaeologist and expert on Caesar and Augustus Paul Zanker, were quick to point out that the bust is not a portrait of Caesar. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was ^[6][7][8] Many noted the lack of resemblances to Caesar's likenesses issued on coins during the last years of the dictator's life, and to the Tusculum-bust of Caesar,^[9] which depicts Julius Caesar in his lifetime, either as a so-called zeitgesicht or as a direct portrait. After a further stylistic assessment Zanker dated the Arles-bust to the Augustan period. Elkins pointed out the third century AD as the terminus post quem for the deposition of the statues, thereby refuting the claim that the bust was thrown away due to feared repercussions from Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. ^[10] The main argument by the French archaeologists that Caesar had founded the colony in 46 BC proved to be incorrect, as the colony was founded by Caesar's former quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero on the dictator's orders in his absence. Quaestors were originally appointed by the Consuls to investigate criminal acts and determine if the consul needed to take public action Tiberius Claudius Nero (ca 85 - 33 BC was a member of the Claudian Family of Ancient Rome. ^[11] Mary Beard has accused the persons involved in the find to have wilfully invented their claims for publicity reasons. The French ministry of culture has not yet responded to the criticism and negative reviews.

Miscellaneous

The Arlésiens (citizens of Arles) were noted for distinctive traditional dress which is now worn publicly at certain festivals and occasions.

A famous photography festival takes place in Arles every year, and the French national school of photography is located there. Photography (fә'tɒgrәfi or fә'tɑːgrәfi (from Greek φωτο and γραφία is the process and Art of recording pictures by means of capturing The major French publishing house Actes Sud is also situated in Arles.

The film Ronin was partially filmed in Arles. Ronin is a 1998 action - Thriller film written by JD Zeik and David Mamet and directed by John Frankenheimer.

Bull fights are conducted in the Roman amphitheater, including Provencal-style bullfights (courses camarguaises) in which the bull is not killed but rather a team of athletic men attempt to remove a tassle from the bull's horn without getting injured. Bullfighting or Tauromachy (from Greek ταυρομαχία - tauromachia, "bull-fight" is a traditional spectacle of Spain The Arles Amphitheatre is a Roman Amphitheatre in the southern French town of Arles. Every Easter and on the first weekend of September, Arles also holds Spanish-style corridas (in which the bulls are killed) with an encierro (bull-running in the streets) preceding each fight. Bullfighting or Tauromachy (from Greek ταυρομαχία - tauromachia, "bull-fight" is a traditional spectacle of Spain The Running of the Bulls (in Spanish encierro, from the verb encerrar, to shut in to lock up is a practice that involves running in front of bulls

Arles's open-air street market is a major market in the region. It occurs on Saturday and Wednesday mornings.

People

• The Provençal poet Frédéric Mistral (1830-1914) was born near Arles. Frédéric Mistral ( September 8, 1830 — March 25, 1914) was a French Poet who led the 19th century revival of For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
• Jeanne Calment (1875-1997), the oldest human being whose age is documented, was born, lived and died in Arles. Jeanne Louise Calment (ʒan lwiz kalˈmɑ̃ February 21, 1875  – August 4, 1997) She lived in Arles, France Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar
• Christian Lacroix, fashion designer, was born in Arles. Christian Marie Marc Lacroix ( May 16 1951 in Trinquetaille, France) is a high-end French Fashion designer.
• Current French international soccer star Djibril Cissé was born in Arles. The French national football team represents the nation of France in international football. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Djibril Cissé (born 12 August 1981, in Arles, France) is a French international football player of Ivorian
• Genesius of Arles, a notary martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308. Saint Genesius of Arles (in French Saint Genès) was a notary Martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308 Civil law notaries are trained Jurists who often receive the same training as advocating jurists &mdash those with a legal education who become litigators such as Barristers The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (c 250 &ndash c Events By Place Roman Empire Persuaded by Galerius, Diocletian launches the last major persecution of Christians Events By Place Roman Empire November 11 — The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire the
• Juan Bautista, matador. "Matador" redirects here For other uses see Matador (disambiguation.
• Mehdi Savalli, matador. "Matador" redirects here For other uses see Matador (disambiguation.

Twin towns

Arles is twinned with:

• Pskov, Russia
• Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
• Fulda, Germany
• York, Pennsylvania, USA
• Cubelles, Spain
• Vercelli, Italy
• Sagné, Mauritania
• Kalymnos, Greece
• Wisbech, United Kingdom
• Zhouzhuang, China
• Verviers, Belgium

See also

• Archbishopric of Arles
• Montmajour Abbey
• Trinquetaille
• Saint-Martin-de-Crau

Sources and external links

• This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. Pskov (Псков ancient Russian spelling Пльсковъ Pleskov) in Latvian Pleskava, in Estonian Pihkva, is an ancient city located in Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Fulda (ˈfʊlda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. York, known as the White Rose City (after the Wars of the Roses) is a city located in South Central Pennsylvania. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Cubelles ( Catalan: Cubelles, Spanish: Cubellas) is a town in Catalonia, in the province of Barcelona, Spain Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Vercelli ( Varséj in Piedmontese) is a City of about 50000 inhabitants in the Province of Vercelli in Piedmont in northern Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Mauritania (موريتانيا Mūrītāniyā officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country Kalymnos, (Κάλυμνος is a Greek island and municipality in the southeastern Aegean Sea. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Wisbech ('wɪzbiʧ is a market town and inland port with a population of about 20000 in the Fenland area of Cambridgeshire. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Zhouzhuang ( is a town in Jiangsu province China. It is located within Kunshan County-level city, 30 km southeast of Suzhou. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Verviers is a Walloon City and municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The former French Catholic Archbishopric of Arles had its episcopal see in the city of Arles, in southern France. Montmajour Abbey (French Abbaye Notre Dame de Montmajour) is a fortified Benedictine monastery built between the 10th and 13th century on what was Trinquetaille is an area in the town of Arles, in southern France. Saint-Martin-de-Crau is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia

• Tourist office website
• Arles heritage website(in French)
• Town council website (in French)
• Early history
• Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques
• The Complete Works of Van Gogh, Arles
• Photogallery of Arles
• A Few Views of Arles in Old Postcards

References

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