Arkhangelsk (English) Архангельск (Russian)
Location of Arkhangelsk on the map of Russia
Coordinates 64°32′N 40°32′E / 64.533, 40.533Coordinates: 64°32′N 40°32′E / 64.533, 40.533
Coat of Arms
City Day: Last Sunday of June
Administrative status
Federal subject In jurisdiction of Administrative center of	Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast, Primorsky District
Local self-government
Charter	Charter of Arkhangelsk
Municipal status	Urban okrug
Mayor	Alexander Donskoy
Legislative body	City Council of Deputies
Area
Area	294. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal Arkhangelsk Oblast (Арха́нгельская о́бласть Arkhangelskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Arkhangelsk Oblast (Арха́нгельская о́бласть Arkhangelskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Arkhangelsk Oblast (Арха́нгельская о́бласть Arkhangelskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified Being the largest country in the world spanning a large percentage of Eurasia, and one of the most populated Russia is divided into several types and levels of A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Alexander Donskoy (Александр Донской is the mayor of the Northern Russian city of Arkhangelsk. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 42 km² (113. 7 sq mi)
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank - Density	356,051 inhabitants 48th 1,209. Russia 's area is about 17 million square kilometers (65 million sq Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried This is a list of cities and towns in Russia with population over 50000 grouped by federal subject and sorted by population Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/km² (3,132. 1/sq mi)
Events
Founded	1584
Other information
Postal code	163060
Dialing code	+7 8182
Official website
http://www.arhcity.ru/

Arkhangelsk (Russian: Арха́нгельск), formerly called Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a All Country calling codes for the European Union countries start with +3x or +4x A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared Arkhangelsk Oblast (Арха́нгельская о́бласть Arkhangelskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina river near its exit into the White Sea in the far north of European Russia. The Northern Dvina (Се́верная Двина́ is a river in Northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the The White Sea (Бе́лое мо́ре Vienanmeri is an Inlet of the Barents Sea on the northwest coast of Russia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending City districts spread for over 40 kilometers (25 mi) along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval Russia. It is served by Talagi Airport and the smaller Vaskovo Airport. Talagi Airport ( Russian: Аэропорт Талаги) is an international airport serving Arkhangelsk, Russia, located 11 kilometers Vaskovo Airport is an airport in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia located 13 km southwest of central Arkhangelsk as the crow flies but 19km by road The city is located at the very end of the 1,133 km (704 mi) long railroad, connecting it to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Vologda (Во́логда is a city in Russia and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast. Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow. Population: 356,051 (2002 Census); down from 415,921 recorded in the 1989 Census. Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried The 1989 Soviet Census was the final and most comprehensive census taken within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early history 1.2 Novgorod Russians arrive 1.3 Norwegian-Russian conflict 1.4 Trade with England, Scotland and the Netherlands 1.5 Founding and further development 2 Architecture and Monuments 3 Miscellaneous 4 Climate 5 Sister Cities 6 References 7 External links

History

Early history

The area where Arkhangelsk is situated was known to the Vikings as Bjarmaland. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Bjarmaland (also spelled Bjarmland or Bjarmia) was a territory mentioned in Norse sagas up to the Viking Age — and beyond Ohthere from Hålogaland told from his travels circa 800 of an area by a river and the White Sea with many buildings. This was probably the place later known as Arkhangelsk. According to Snorri Sturluson there was a Viking raid on this area in 1027, led by Tore Hund. Snorri Sturluson (1178 – September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian poet and politician Tore Hund ( Modern Norwegian) or Þórir hundr ( Old Norse) ("Tore the Dog" (ca

In 1989, an unusually rich silver treasure was found by the mouth of Dvina, right next to present day Arkhangelsk. It was probably buried in the beginning of the 12th century, and contained articles that may have been up to 200 years old at that time.

Most of the findings are made up by a total of 1. 6 kg (3. 53 lb) of silver, mostly coins. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass Jewelry and pieces of jewelry hail from Russia or neighbouring areas. Most coins were German, but there was also a smaller number of Kufan, English, Bohemian, Hungarian, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian coins.

It is hard to place this find historically until further research is completed. There are at least two possible interpretations. It may be a treasure belonging to the society outlined by the Norse source material. Generally such find, whether from Scandinavia, the Baltic area or Russia, are closely tied to well-established agricultural societies with considerable trade activity.

Alternatively, like the Russian scientists who published the find in 1992, one may see it as an evidence of a stronger force of Russian colonisation than previously thought.

Novgorod Russians arrive

In the 12th century, the Novgorodians established the Archangel Michael Monastery in the estuary of the Northern Dvina. Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod The Northern Dvina (Се́верная Двина́ is a river in Northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the

The main trade centre of the area at that time was Kholmogory, located slightly upstream where the rivers Dvina and Pinega meet. Kholmogory (Холмого́ры is a historic village ( selo) and the administrative center of Kholmogorsky District of Arkhangelsk Written sources indicate that Kholmogory existed early in the 12th century, but there is no archeological material to illuminate the early history of the town. It is not known whether this settlement was originally Russian, or if it goes back to pre-Russian times. Centrally in the small town it is today, the so called Gorodok can be found, a large mound of building remains and river sand. However this has not been archeologically excavated.

Norwegian-Russian conflict

Arkhangelsk came to be important in the rivalry between Norwegian and Russian interests in the northern areas. From Novgorod, the Russian interest sphere was extended far north to the Kola peninsula in the 12th century. The Kola Peninsula (from Sami language Guoládat) (Кольский полуостров Kol'skij poluostrov) is a Peninsula in the far However, here Norway enforced taxes and rights to the fur trade. A compromise agreement entered in 1251 was soon broken.

In 1411, Yakov Stepanovitch from Novogorod went to attack Northern Norway. This was the beginning of a series of clashes, and in 1419 Norwegian ships with 500 soldiers entered the White Sea. The "Murmaners", as the Norwegians were called (cf. Murmansk), plundered many Russian settlements along the coast, among them the Archangel Michael monastery. Murmansk (Му́рманск Murmanska Muurman is a city and Seaport in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, 12 km

Novgorod managed to drive the Norwegians back. However, in 1478 the area was taken over by Ivan III and passed to Muscovy with the rest of Novgorod Republic. The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and The Novgorod Republic (Новгородская республика / Novgorodskaya respublika Новгородская земьля / Novgorodskaya zemlja) was a

Trade with England, Scotland and the Netherlands

In 1555, Ivan the Terrible granted trade privileges to English merchants who founded the Company of Merchant Adventurers and began sending ships annually into the estuary of the Northern Dvina. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Muscovy Company (also called Russian Company or Muscovy Trading Company, Russian: Московская компания) was a

The meeting between Ivan and the Englishmen happened by chance; one of three English ships on their way to find the Northeast passage to China in 1553 ended up in the White Sea. The other two ships disappeared. Dutch merchants also started bringing their ships into the White Sea from the 1560s. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Scottish and English merchants dominated in the 16th century, however by the 17th century it was mainly the Dutch that sailed to the White Sea area.

Founding and further development

In 1584, Ivan ordered the founding of New Kholmogory (which would later be renamed after the nearby Archangel Michael Monastery).

At the time access to the Baltic Sea was still mostly controlled by Sweden, so while Arkhangelsk was icebound in winter, it remained Moscow's almost sole link to the sea-trade. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Local inhabitants, called Pomors, were the first to explore trade routes to Northern Siberia as far as the trans-Ural city of Mangazeya and beyond. Pomors or Pomory (помо́ры is the distinctive native name for an ethnic community of an indigenous population of Pomor'e (European Russian North living on the Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Riphean redirects here For the time period see Riphean stage The Ural Mountains (Ура́льские го́ры Uralskiye Mangazeya was a Northwest Siberian trans- Ural trade colony and later city in the 16-17th centuries

In 1693, Peter I ordered the creation of a state shipyard in Arkhangelsk. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military A year later the ships Svyatoye Prorochestvo (Holy Prophecy), Apostol Pavel (Apostle Paul) and the yacht Svyatoy Pyotr (Saint Peter) were sailing in the White Sea. However he also realized that Arkhangelsk would always be limited as a port due to the five months of ice cover, and after a successful campaign against Swedish armies in the Baltic area, he founded Saint Petersburg in 1704. The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River

Arkhangelsk declined in the 18th century as the Baltic trade became ever more important, but its economy revived at the end of the 19th century when a railroad to Moscow was completed and timber became a major export. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or The city resisted Bolshevik rule from 1918 to 1920 and was a stronghold of the anti-Bolshevik White Army supported by the military intervention of Entente forces along with Canadian and American soldiers, known as the Polar Bear Expedition. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the The Polar Bear Expedition (also known as the Northern Russian Expedition, the American North Russia Expeditionary Force - ANREF or the American ^[1]

During both world wars, Arkhangelsk was a major port of entry for Allied aid. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose During World War II the city became known in the West as the destination of the Arctic Convoys bringing supplies to assist the Russians who were cut off from their normal supply lines. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Arctic Convoys of World War II travelled from the United Kingdom and the United States to the northern ports of the Soviet

Today Arkhangelsk remains a major seaport, now open year-round due to improvements in icebreakers. An icebreaker is a special purpose Ship or Boat designed to move and navigate through Ice -covered waters The city is primarily a timber and fishing center. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. On March 16, 2004, 58 people were killed in an explosion at an apartment block in the city. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " On March 16, 2004, an Explosion destroyed a corner section of a nine-story Soviet -era apartment building in Arkhangelsk Russia.

Architecture and Monuments

Mikhail Lomonosov came from a Pomor village near Kholmogory. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (Михаи́л Васи́льевич Ломоно́сов () was a Russian Polymath, scientist Pomors or Pomory (помо́ры is the distinctive native name for an ethnic community of an indigenous population of Pomor'e (European Russian North living on the A monument to him was installed to a design by Ivan Martos in 1829. Ivan Petrovich Martos ( Russian: Иван Петрович Мартос 1754 near Poltava — 5 April, 1835, St Petersburg) was a A monument to Peter I was designed by Mark Antokolsky in 1872 and installed in 1914. Mark Matveevich Antokolski ( Марк Матвеевич Антокольский in Russian; born in 1843 in the city of Vilna, present-day Vilnius

A maritime school, technical university, and a regional museum are located in the city. After its historical churches were destroyed during Stalin's rule, the city's main extant landmarks are the fort-like Merchant Yards (1668–84) and the New Dvina Fortress (1701–05). The Assumption Church on the Dvina embankment (1742–44) was rebuilt in 2004.

A remarkable structure is also Arkhangelsk TV Mast, a 151 metres tall guyed mast for FM-/TV-broadcasting built in 1964. This tubular steel mast has six crossbars equipped with gangways, which run in two levels from the mast structure to the crossbars. On these crossbars there are also several antennas installed [1].

Assumption Church (1742–44)

Naval Cathedral (1760–76)

The Archangel Monastery (1685–99)

The Trinity Cathedral (1709–65)

Miscellaneous

The novel Predator's Gold featured a version of Arkhangelsk called Arkangel that was a dangerous Traction City. Predator's Gold is the second of four novels in Philip Reeve 's series for young adults the Mortal Engines Quartet. In Philip Reeve 's Mortal Engines Quartet, Traction Cities are vast metropolises built on tiers that are capable of moving on gigantic wheels and caterpillar

The James Bond movie GoldenEye begins at a dam by a chemical facility near Arkhangelsk, although the scenes themselves were actually shot at the Verzasca Dam in Switzerland—tall mountains as seen in the background cannot be found anywhere near Arkhangelsk. James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story GoldenEye (1995 is the seventeenth Spy film of the British James Bond series directed by Martin Campbell and the A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees The Contra dam (or Verzasca dam) is a 220- Meter high arch Hydroelectric Dam in the Val Verzasca, Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation

British author Robert Harris's novel Archangel centres on a plot to restore Communism in Russia through a son of Stalin, who is taken to the wilderness and hidden near the town as a young boy by the KGB. Robert Dennis Harris (born March 7, 1957 in Nottingham) is a best-selling English Novelist. Archangel is a novel by Robert Harris set in modern Russia. It was published in 1998 and adapted for television by the BBC in 2005 Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty In 2005 it was made into a three-part television drama by the BBC starring Daniel Craig. Daniel Wroughton Craig (born 2 March 1968 is an English Actor.

Canadian filmmaker Guy Maddin's 1990 surrealist film Archangel is set in Arkhangelsk, just after the end of World War I (the fight goes on, as the characters are unaware the war has ended). Guy Maddin (born February 28, 1956) is a Canadian Screenwriter and director of both features and Short films

In March 2007, French jazz trumpeter Erik Truffaz releases a cd titled "Arkhangelsk". Erik Truffaz (born 1960 in Switzerland) is a Swiss -born French Contemporary jazz Trumpeter, infusing elements of Hip

Eugenie Fraser published her autobiography The House by the Dvina which is set in Archangel and Broughty Ferry, Scotland from 1905 to 1920. Broughty Ferry ( Gaelic: Bruach Tatha, Scots: Brochtie) is a suburb on the eastern edge of the City of Dundee, situated on the shore Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It, therefore, includes World War I, The Revolution, the murder of the Tsar and the withdrawal of the Allied Intervention from the North. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation.

A common anecdote is that the port of Arkhangelsk is the geographic origin of the Russian Blue cat breed. The Russian Blue is a type or breed of Cat that has a silver-blue coat

In 2007, Alex Kravchenko, who was born in Arkhangelsk, became the first Russian citizen to ever win a World Series of Poker bracelet. Alexander Kravchenko (Александр Кравченко born April 21, 1971 in Arkhangelsk, USSR) is a professional poker player based World Series of Poker (WSOP is the largest set of Poker tournaments in the world The World Series of Poker (WSOP bracelet is considered the most coveted non-monetary prize a Poker player can win He went on to come in 4th place at the WSOP main event to become the all-time leading money winner among Russian players.

Philip Pullman's 2008 novella Once Upon a Time in the North is set in a fictionalized Arkhangelsk called Novy Odense. Once Upon a Time in the North, a Fantasy Short story by Phillip Pullman, functions as a prequel to Pullman's His Dark Materials

Climate

Weather averages for Arkhangelsk
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	5. 0 (41)	6. 2 (43)	12. 1 (54)	25. 3 (78)	30. 2 (86)	32. 1 (90)	34. 4 (94)	33. 4 (92)	27. 7 (82)	18. 3 (65)	9. 7 (49)	9. 1 (48)	34. 4 (94)
Average high °C (°F)	-9. 6 (15)	-8. 3 (17)	-2. 9 (27)	4. 1 (39)	10. 8 (51)	17. 6 (64)	20. 9 (70)	18. 3 (65)	11. 5 (53)	3. 9 (39)	-2. 2 (28)	-6. 6 (20)	4. 8 (41)
Average low °C (°F)	-16. 6 (2)	-15. 6 (4)	-11. 7 (11)	-4. 6 (24)	1. 9 (35)	7. 9 (46)	11. 2 (52)	9. 8 (50)	5. 2 (41)	-0. 6 (31)	-7. 2 (19)	-13. 2 (8)	-2. 7 (27)
Record low °C (°F)	-45. 2 (-49)	-41. 2 (-42)	-37. 1 (-35)	-27. 3 (-17)	-13. 7 (7)	-3. 9 (25)	-0. 5 (31)	-4. 1 (25)	-7. 5 (19)	-21. 1 (-6)	-36. 5 (-34)	-43. 2 (-46)	-45. 2 (-49)
Precipitation mm (inches)	33 (1. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 3)	27 (1. 1)	26 (1)	31 (1. 2)	42 (1. 7)	54 (2. 1)	61 (2. 4)	68 (2. 7)	60 (2. 4)	61 (2. 4)	53 (2. 1)	44 (1. 7)	560 (22)
Source: Pogoda. ru. net[2] 8. 09. 2007

Sister Cities

• Portland, Maine, United States
• Vadsø, Norway
• Kiruna, Sweden
• Słupsk, Poland
• Oulu, Finland

References

External links

• Satellite image of Arkhangelsk on Google Maps
• Satellite image of Arkhangelsk on Google Earth
• (Russian) Official web site of Arkhangelsk City Administration
• (English) (German) (Russian) Arkhangelsk Tourist Site VISITARKHANGELSK.RU - Time to visit Arkhangelsk!
• (English) Arkhangelsk Tourist Site - run personally by Violetta Moreva
• (English) (Russian) Discussion forum for information about Arkhangelsk.
• (Russian) Pomor State University
• (Russian) Arkhangelsk State Technical University
• (Russian) Northern State Medical University
• (English) (Russian) Arkhangelsk regional museum of local lore, history and economy

• (Russian) Arkhangelsk Oblast Museum of Fine Arts
• Arkhangelsk community at LiveJournal
• (English) (Russian) Timme St. - Information about Arkhangelsk for tourists

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