Arikara (also Sahnish, Arikaree, Ree) refers to a group of Native Americans that speak a Caddoan language. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Caddoan languages are a family of Native American languages. They were a semi-nomadic group that lived on the Great Plains of the United States of America for several hundred years. Nomadic people, (from the νομάδες nomádes, "those who let pasture herds" also known as nomads, are communities of people that The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada The United States of America —commonly referred to as the They lived primarily in earth lodges, used tipis while traveling from their villages, and were an agricultural society. An earth lodge is a semi-subterranean building covered partially or completely with earth best known from the Native American cultures of the Great Plains and A tipi' (also teepee, tepee) is a conical Tent originally made of animal skins or birch bark and popularized by the Native Americans Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Their primary crop was corn (or maize), and it was such an important aspect of their society that it was often referred to as "Mother Corn. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica "
The Arikara moved from South Dakota into North Dakota, now on the Fort Berthold reservation. South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation is a US Indian reservation in North Dakota that is home for the Three Affiliated Tribes which consists of the
Their culture was decimated by smallpox in the late 1830s, and due to their reduced numbers, they started to work closer to the Mandan and Hidatsa tribes who lived in the same area. Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. The Mandan are a Native American tribe that historically lived along the banks of the Missouri River and two of its tributaries—the Heart and The Hidatsa (called Minnetaree by their allies the Mandan) are a Siouan people a part of the Three Affiliated Tribes. Today the three tribes are still closely associated and are known as the Three Affiliated Tribes. Mandan Hidatsa and Arikara Nation, also known as the Three Affiliated Tribes, are a Native American group comprising a union of the Mandan, Hidatsa
During the Black Hills War, Arikaras served as scouts for Lt. The Black Hills War (also known as the Great Sioux War or Little Big Horn Campaign) was a series of conflicts between the Lakota ( Sioux) Col. George Armstrong Custer on the Little Bighorn Campaign. The Battle of the Little Bighorn &mdashalso known as Custer's Last Stand, and in the parlance of the relevant Native Americans, the Battle of the Greasy Grass
Arikara is now spoken in North Dakota by a very few elders. North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. Only 20 speakers remain, in the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota. The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation is a US Indian reservation in North Dakota that is home for the Three Affiliated Tribes which consists of the Arikara is very close to the Pawnee language, but they are not mutually intelligible. The Pawnee (also Paneassa, Pari, Pariki) are a Native American tribe that historically lived along the Platte, Loup and
Arikara Economy
The Arikara were among the first people to successfully move to the Dakota Missouri River area and utilize the bison as a food source, probably around 1150 AD. This is an article about an animal For other uses see Bison (disambiguation. They did not live in tipis, except in certain circumstances. They originated in what is now central Missouri, and were essentially a Woodlands culture. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee The Eastern Woodlands was a cultural area of the Indigenous peoples of North America. They were hunters of the lowland river fauna, but their economy centered around hunting, gathering, fishing,and especially horticulture. During the move to the Dakotas, the Arikara brought this economic preference with them, focusing on the river bottoms for sustenance. In addition to their horticultural practices in the river bottoms, they became successful bison hunters. As with many Plains bison hunters, they hunted by several means. One technique was the use of a funnel-shaped triangular fence into which the herd or portions of it were herded into an ever smaller area, allowing the animals to be killed by bow or spear. The Arikara also drove the animals over jumps, panicking the herd to run over a cliff. They also set fire to the prairie grasses, creating a new crop of succulent shoots that could be detected by the bison for miles. Once the herd gathered, warriors in wolf skins would crawl among the herd and take an animal. Upon the introduction of the horse by the Spanish, many Arikara adopted a more equestrian form of bison-hunting, or a horse culture. The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. The term " Horse culture " is used to define a tribal group or Community whose day to day life revolves around the herding and breeding of Horses
See also
Bibliography
- Campbell, Lyle. Mandan Hidatsa and Arikara Nation, also known as the Three Affiliated Tribes, are a Native American group comprising a union of the Mandan, Hidatsa The Arikara War took place in 1823 near the Missouri River, present day South Dakota. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
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