Ariel Sharon אריאל שרון
11th Prime Minister of Israel
In office 7 March 2001 – 14 April 2006 (incapacitated from 4 January 2006)
Deputy	Ehud Olmert
Preceded by	Ehud Barak
Succeeded by	Ehud Olmert
Born	February 27, 1928 (1928-02-27) (age 80) Kfar Malal, British Mandate of Palestine
Political party	Kadima (formerly Likud and Shlomtzion)
Spouse	Margalit Sharon (d. The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and is the most powerful political officer in Israel (the President of Israel being a titular figurehead Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kfar Malal (כפר מל"ל is an agricultural Moshav ("village" in the Sharon region in central Israel. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. Shlomtzion ( Hebrew: שלומציון a contraction of Shalom-Zion, or Peace-Zion) was an political party in Israel. 1962); Lily Sharon (d. (אריאל 2000)
Religion	Judaism

Ariel Sharon (help·info) (Hebrew: אריאל שרון‎, also known by his diminutive Arik אַריק) (born Ariel Scheinermann (אריאל שיינרמן) on February 27, 1928) is a former Israeli Prime Minister and military leader. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut A diminutive is a formation of a Word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning smallness of the object or quality named encapsulation intimacy or endearment Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and is the most powerful political officer in Israel (the President of Israel being a titular figurehead Sharon served as Prime Minister from March 2001 until April 2006, though the powers of his office were exercised by acting Prime Minister Ehud Olmert following Sharon's massive stroke on January 4, 2006. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. At that time, Sharon fell into a coma; as of June 2008, he is in a persistent vegetative state. In Medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep is a profound state of Unconsciousness. A persistent vegetative state (PVS is a condition of patients with severe Brain damage in whom Coma has progressed to a state of wakefulness without detectable

During his lengthy career, Sharon was a highly controversial figure among many factions, both inside and outside Israel. Some of his critics have sought to prosecute him as a war criminal for alleged crimes related to the Sabra and Shatila massacre during the 1982 Lebanon War. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied This page is related to the 1982 events only For the 1985&ndash1987 events see War of the camps. The 1982 Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון Milhemet Levanon) (الإجتياح Al-Ijtīāḥ, "the invasion" called by Israel the Operation Peace The Kahan Commission held him personally responsible for the massacre. The Kahan Commission (ועדת כהן formally known as the Commission of Inquiry into the Events at the Refugee Camps in Beirut, was established by the Israeli government Sharon lost his post as Defense Minister as a result, but remained in the cabinet as minister without portfolio. A defence minister (or defense minister) is a Cabinet position which regulates the Armed forces in some sovereign nations Sharon continued as a leading figure in the Likud Party, and held various senior cabinet and party posts, ultimately becoming party leader in 1999 and Prime Minister in 2001. Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch.

During his tenure as Prime Minister, Sharon's policies caused a rift within the Likud Party, and he ultimately left Likud to form a new party called Kadima. Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. He became the first Prime Minister of Israel who did not belong to either Labor or Likud — the two parties that have traditionally dominated Israeli politics. The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and is the most powerful political officer in Israel (the President of Israel being a titular figurehead The new party created by Sharon, with Olmert having stepped in as its leader, won the most Knesset seats in the 2006 elections, and is now the senior coalition partner in the Israeli government. For Beit Knesset a Jewish Place of worship, see Synagogue. The Knesset (כנסת lit

Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 2.1 1948-49 War 2.2 Mitla incident 2.3 Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War 3 Early political career 3.1 Beginnings of political career 3.2 Sabra and Shatila massacre 3.3 Political downturn and recovery 3.4 Campaign for Prime Minster, 2000-01 4 Prime Minister 4.1 Unilateral disengagement 4.1.1 Putting the peace process in formaldehyde 4.2 Disengagement from Gaza 4.3 Founding of Kadima 4.4 Incapacitation and end of political career 5 Notes 6 References 7 See also 8 External links

Early life

Ariel Sharon was born in Kfar Malal, then in the British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel), to Litvaks Shmuel Sheinerman, of Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) and Dvora (formerly Vera), of Mogilev. Kfar Malal (כפר מל"ל is an agricultural Moshav ("village" in the Sharon region in central Israel. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement Lithuanian Jews (known in Yiddish and Yeshivish as Litvish (adjective or Litvaks (noun are Ashkenazi Jews with roots in the His father was studying agronomy at the university of Tbilisi, Georgia (Georgian SSR) and his mother had just started her fourth year of medical studies, when the couple married. Agronomy is the science and technology of using plants for food fuel feed and fiber Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (საქართველოს საბჭოთასოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა They immigrated to the British Mandate Palestine from Russia, fleeing the Red Army. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Sharon's father spoke Yiddish and his mother spoke Russian; their son learned to speak Russian as a young boy. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages

The family arrived in the Second Aliyah and settled in a socialist, secular community where, despite being Mapai supporters, they were known to be contrarians against the prevailing community consensus:

The Scheinermans' eventual ostracism. The Second Aliyah was arguably the most important and influential Aliyah. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Secularism is generally the assertion that governmental practices or institutions should exist separately from Religion or religious beliefs for the town in Mozambique see Mapai Mozambique Mapai (מפא"י an acronym for Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael (מפלגת . . followed the 1933 Arlozorov murder when Dvora and Shmuel refused to endorse the Labor movement's anti-Revisionist calumny and participate in Bolshevic-style public revilement rallies, then the order of the day. Vitaly Viktor Haim Arlosoroff (חיים ארלוזורוב also known as Haim Arlozorov or Haim Arlozoroff, 1899 - 16 June 1933 The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction Retribution was quick to come. They were expelled from the local health-fund clinic and village synagogue. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of The cooperative's truck wouldn't make deliveries to their farm nor collect produce. ^[1]

Four years after their arrival at Kfar Malal, the Sheinermans had a daughter, Yehudit (Dita), and two years after, they had a son, Ariel. Kfar Malal (כפר מל"ל is an agricultural Moshav ("village" in the Sharon region in central Israel.

At age 10, Sharon entered the youth movement Zionist, Hassadeh (“the Field”).

In 1942 at the age of 14, Sharon joined the Gadna, a paramilitary youth battalion, and later the Haganah, the underground paramilitary force and the Jewish military precursor to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Gadna is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county Hungary. A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel Haganah ( Hebrew: "The Defense" ההגנה was a Jewish Paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit

Military career

1948-49 War

At the creation of Israel (and Haganah's transformation into the Israel Defense Forces), Sharon became a platoon commander in the Alexandroni Brigade. Haganah ( Hebrew: "The Defense" ההגנה was a Jewish Paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two to four sections or Squads and containing about 30 to 50 soldiers The Alexandroni Brigade ( 3rd Brigade) is an Israel Defense Forces brigade that fought in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. He was severely wounded in the groin by the Jordanian Arab Legion in the Second Battle of Latrun, an unsuccessful attempt to relieve the besieged Jewish community of Jerusalem. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern The Arab Legion ( al-Jaysh al-Arabī) was the regular army of Transjordan and then Jordan in the early part of the 20th Century Latrun (اللطرون al-Latrun; לטרון is a strategic hilltop in the Ayalon Valley overlooking the road to Jerusalem. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the His injuries eventually healed.

In September 1949, Sharon was promoted to company commander (of the Golani Brigade's reconnaissance unit) and in 1950 to intelligence officer for Central Command. A company is a Military unit, typically consisting of 75-200 Soldiers Most companies are formed of three to five Platoons although the exact number may vary The Golani Brigade (חטיבת גולני also known as the 1st Brigade is an Israeli Infantry brigade which was formed on February 28, 1948 when the He then took leave to begin studies in history and Middle Eastern culture at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים الجامعة العبرية في القدس abbreviated HUJI) is A year and a half later, he was asked to return to active service in the rank of major and as the leader of the new Unit 101, Israel's first special forces unit. Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country Unit 101 was a Special forces unit of the Israeli Defence Force (IDF founded and commanded by Ariel Sharon on orders from Prime Minister In most countries special forces (SF is a generic term for highly-trained Military teams/units that conduct specialized operations such as Reconnaissance

Unit 101 undertook a series of military raids against Palestinians and neighboring Arab states that helped bolster Israeli morale and fortify its deterrent image. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding This article refers to deterrent theories of punishment For the legal theory of justice see Deterrence (legal. The unit was known for targeting civilians as well as Arab soldiers, notably in the widely condemned Qibya massacre in the fall of 1953, in which 69 Palestinian civilians, some of them children, were killed by Sharon's troops in a reprisal attack on their West Bank village. The Qibya Massacre was carried out in October 1953 by Israeli troops in the West Bank village of Qibya. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria In the documentary Israel and the Arabs: 50 Year War, Sharon recalls what happened after the raid, which was heavily condemned by many Western nations, including the U. Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality S. :

I was summoned to see Ben-Gurion. It was the first time I met him, and right from the start Ben-Gurion said to me: "Let me first tell you one thing: it doesn't matter what the world says about Israel, it doesn't matter what they say about us anywhere else. The only thing that matters is that we can exist here on the land of our forefathers. And unless we show the Arabs that there is a high price to pay for murdering Jews, we won't survive. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ "

Shortly afterwards, just a few months after its founding, Unit 101 was merged into the 202nd Paratroopers Brigade (Sharon eventually became the latter's commander), which continued to attack military and civilian targets, culminating with the attack on the Qalqilyah police station in the autumn of 1956. The Paratroopers Brigade (חטיבת הצנחנים Hativat HaTzanhanim) also known as the 35th Brigade, is a unit of Paratroopers within the Qalqilyah ( Arabic قلقيلية Qalqīlyaḧ; Hebrew קַלְקִילִיָה) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank.

In 1952-53, Sharon attended the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, taking History and Oriental studies. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים الجامعة العبرية في القدس abbreviated HUJI) is The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world

Sharon has been widowed twice. Shortly after becoming a military instructor, he married his first wife, Margalit, with whom he had a son, Gur. A drill instructor (or Drill Sergeant) is a Non-commissioned officer in the Armed forces with specific duties that vary by country (אריאל Margalit died in a car accident in May 1962. Their son, Gur, died in October 1967 after a friend shot him while they were playing with a rifle. A rifle is a Firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves ("rifling" cut into the barrel walls ^[2][3][4] After Margalit's death, Sharon married her younger sister, Lily. (אריאל They had two sons, Omri and Gil'ad. Omri Sharon (עמרי שרון born 19 August 1964) is the son of former Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and a former Gilad Sharon (גלעד שרון is the son of Ariel Sharon, who is the former Prime Minister of Israel. Lily Sharon died of cancer in 2000. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled

From 1958 to 1962, Sharon served as commander of an infantry brigade and studied law at Tel Aviv University. Tel Aviv University (TAU אוניברסיטת תל־אביב את"א is Israel 's largest on-site University, located in Tel Aviv.

Mitla incident

In the 1956 Suez War (the British "Operation Musketeer"), Sharon commanded the 202nd Brigade, and was responsible for taking ground east of the Sinai's Mitla Pass and eventually taking the pass itself. The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh Operation Musketeer (Opération Mousquetaire was the Anglo-French invasion of Egypt to capture the Suez Canal during the Suez Crisis. A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai ( Coptic: sina; Egyptian Arabic: sina سينا Arabic, sina'a سيناء The Mitla Pass (מיתלה ممر متلة is a 32 km-long snaky pass in the Sinai wedged between mountain ranges to the north and south Having successfully carried out the first part of his mission (joining a battalion parachuted near Mitla with the rest of the brigade moving on ground), Sharon's unit was deployed near the pass. Neither reconnaissance aircraft nor scouts reported enemy forces inside the Mitla Pass. Surveillance aircraft are military Aircraft used for monitoring enemy activity usually carrying no armament Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information Sharon, whose forces were initially heading east, away from the pass, reported to his superiors that he was increasingly concerned with the possibility of an enemy thrust through the pass, which could attack his brigade from the flank or the rear.

Sharon asked for permission to attack the pass several times, but his requests were denied (although he was allowed to check its status so that if the pass was empty, he could receive permission to take it later). Sharon sent a small scout force, which was met with heavy fire and became bogged down due to vehicle malfunction in the middle of the pass. Sharon ordered the rest of his troops to attack in order to aid their comrades. In the ensuing successful battle to capture the pass, 38 Israeli soldiers were killed.

Sharon was not only criticized by his superiors, he was damaged by revelations several years later by several former subordinates (one of IDF's first major revelations to the press), who claimed that Sharon tried to provoke the Egyptians and sent out the scouts in bad faith, ensuring that a battle would ensue. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group Deliberate or not, the attack was considered strategically reckless because the Egyptian forces were expected to withdraw from the pass within a day or two.

Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War

Main articles: Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War

The Mitla incident hindered Sharon's military career for several years. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום In the meantime, he occupied the position of an infantry brigade commander and received a law degree from Tel Aviv University. The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is A Law degree is the degree conferred on someone who successfully completes studies in law Tel Aviv University (TAU אוניברסיטת תל־אביב את"א is Israel 's largest on-site University, located in Tel Aviv. When Yitzhak Rabin (who within a few years became associated with the Labor Party) became Chief of Staff in 1964, however, Sharon began again to rise rapidly in the ranks, occupying the positions of Infantry School Commander and Head of Army Training Branch, eventually achieving the rank of Aluf (Major General). Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries In the 1967 Six-Day War, Sharon commanded the most powerful armored division on the Sinai front which made a breakthrough in the Kusseima-Abu-Ageila fortified area (see Battle of Abu-Ageila). Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai ( Coptic: sina; Egyptian Arabic: sina سينا Arabic, sina'a سيناء In 1969, he was appointed the Head of IDF's Southern Command. The Israeli Southern Command (פיקוד דרום transliterated: Pikud Darom) often abbreviated to Padam (פד"מ is a regional He had no further promotions before retiring in August 1973. Soon after, he joined the Likud ("Unity") political party. Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral ^[5]

At the start of the Yom Kippur War on October 6, 1973, Sharon was called back to duty and assigned to command a reserve armored division. The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers His forces did not engage the Egyptian Army immediately. The Egyptian Army is the largest service branch within the Egyptian military establishment. Under cover of darkness Sharon's forces moved to a point on the Suez Canal that had been prepared before the war. The Suez Canal is a Canal in Egypt. Opened in 1869 it allows Water transportation between Europe and Asia without circumnavigation Bridging equipment was thrown across the canal on October 17. The bridgehead was between two Egyptian Armies. A bridgehead (also 'Bridge-head' French tête-de-pont) is a military Fortification that protects the end of a Bridge that is closest to the He then raced south on the African side of the canal. ^[6] This cut the supply lines of the Egyptian Third Army, located to the south of the canal crossing, isolating it from other Egyptian units. Military supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to procuring, producing and delivering products and services The broad The exploitation violated orders from the head of Southern Command.

The divisions of Sharon and Abraham Adan (Bren) passed over this bridge into Africa advancing to within 101 kilometers of Cairo. Avraham "Bren" Adan (born October 1926 is a former Israeli General who served in the military between 1947 and 1973 The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. They wreaked havoc on the supply lines of the Third Army stretching to the south of them, cutting off and encircling the Third Army, but did not force its surrender before the ceasefire. Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces A ceasefire (or truce) is a temporary stoppage of a War or any Armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees Tensions between the two generals followed his decision, but a military tribunal later found his action was militarily effective. A military tribunal is a kind of Military Court designed to try members of enemy forces during Wartime operating outside the scope of conventional This move was regarded by many Israelis as the turning point of the war in the Sinai front. Thus, Sharon is widely viewed as a war hero who saved Israel from defeat in Sinai. A photo of Sharon wearing a head bandage on the Suez Canal became a famous symbol of Israeli military prowess.

Sharon's aggressive political positions were controversial and he was relieved of duty in February 1974.

Early political career

Beginnings of political career

In the 1940s and 1950s, Sharon seemed to be personally devoted to the ideals of Mapai (Workers Party of the Land of Israel), the predecessor of the modern Labor Party. for the town in Mozambique see Mapai Mozambique Mapai (מפא"י an acronym for Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael (מפלגת However, after retiring from military service, Sharon was instrumental in establishing the Likud in July 1973. The Likud comprised Herut (Freedom), the Liberal Party and independent elements. This article is about the political party For other uses see Herut (disambiguation. Many liberal political parties in Israel 's history can claim substantial popular support mainly proved by having representation in the Knesset. Sharon became chairman of the campaign staff for the elections which were scheduled for November 1973. Two and a half weeks after the start of the election campaign, the Yom Kippur War erupted and Sharon was called back to reserve service (see above). The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום In December 1973, Sharon was elected to the Knesset, but a year later he resigned. For Beit Knesset a Jewish Place of worship, see Synagogue. The Knesset (כנסת lit

From June 1975 to March 1976, Sharon was a special aide to Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin. He planned his return to politics for the 1977 elections, first he tried to return to the Likud and replace Menachem Begin at the head of the party. (מְנַחֵם בְּגִין Mieczysław Biegun Менахем Вольфович Бегин 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992 was the sixth prime minister of the State of Israel He suggested to Simkha Erlikh, who headed the Liberal Party bloc in the Likud, that he was more fitting than Begin to win an election victory; he was rejected, however. Simha Erlich (שמחה ארליך born 1915 died 19 June 1983) was an Israeli politician He then tried to join the Labor Party and the centrist Democratic Movement for Change, but was rejected in those parties too. In Politics, centrism usually refers to the political ideal of promoting Moderate policies which land in the middle ground between different political extremes The Democratic Movement for Change ( Hebrew: תנועה דמוקרטית לשינוי Tenoa'a Demokratit le-Shinui) commonly known by its Hebrew acronym Dash Only then did he form his own list, Shlomtzion, which won only two Knesset seats in the subsequent elections. Shlomtzion ( Hebrew: שלומציון a contraction of Shalom-Zion, or Peace-Zion) was an political party in Israel. Immediately after the elections he merged Shlomtzion with the Likud and became Minister of Agriculture. The Agriculture Minister of Israel (שר החקלאות Sar HaHakla'ut) is the political head of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and a relatively minor position

When Sharon joined Begin's government he had relatively little political experience. During this period, Sharon supported the Gush Emunim settlements movement and was viewed as the patron of the settlers' movement. Gush Emunim (גוש אמונים Block the faithful) was an Israeli political movement He used his position to encourage the establishment of a network of Israeli settlements in the occupied territories to prevent the possibility of Palestinian Arabs' return of these territories. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Sharon doubled the number of Jewish settlements on the West Bank and Gaza Strip during his tenure. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west

On his settlement policy, Sharon said while addressing a meeting of the Tsomet Party: "Everybody has to move, run and grab as many (Judean) hilltops as they can to enlarge the (Jewish) settlements because everything we take now will stay ours. . . Everything we don't grab will go to them. " (Agence France Presse, November 15, 1998. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) )

After the 1981 elections, Begin rewarded Sharon for his important contribution to Likud's narrow win, by appointing him Minister of Defense.

Sabra and Shatila massacre

Main article: Sabra and Shatila massacre

During the 1982 Lebanon War, while Sharon was Defense minister, the Sabra and Shatila massacre took place, in which between 800 and 3,500 Palestinian civilians in the refugee camps were killed by the Phalanges—Lebanese Maronite Christian militias. This page is related to the 1982 events only For the 1985&ndash1987 events see War of the camps. The 1982 Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון Milhemet Levanon) (الإجتياح Al-Ijtīāḥ, "the invasion" called by Israel the Operation Peace A defence minister (or defense minister) is a Cabinet position which regulates the Armed forces in some sovereign nations This page is related to the 1982 events only For the 1985&ndash1987 events see War of the camps. A refugee camp is a temporary camp built by a government the United Nations, international organizations (such as the Red Cross) or NGOs to receive The Lebanese Kataeb Party ( Arabic: الكتائب اللبنانية Kataeb is the Plural of Katiba which is a translation into Arabic of the Greek word The Security Chief of the Phalange militia, a Lebanese himself, Elie Hobeika, was the ground commander of the militiamen who entered the Palestinian camps and killed the Palestinians. The Lebanese people ( الشعب اللبناني, el shaab el libnene) are a Middle Eastern people originating in the country of Lebanon Elie Hobeika (إيلي حبيقة (1956 in Kleiat Lebanon – 24 January, 2002) was a Phalangist and Lebanese Forces militia The Phalange had been sent into the camps to clear out PLO fighters, and Israeli forces had been sent to the camps at Sharon's command to provide them with logistical support and to guard camp exits. The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point The incident led some of Sharon's critics to refer to him as "the Butcher of Beirut". Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 ^[7]

An Associated Press report on September 15, 1982 stated:

Defense Minister Ariel Sharon, in a statement, tied the killing [of the Phalangist leader Gemayel] to the PLO, saying: "It symbolises the terrorist murderousness of the PLO terrorist organisations and their supporters. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) " Habib Chartouni, a Lebanese Christian from the Syrian Socialist National Party confessed to the murder of Gemayel, and no Palestinians were involved. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (or SSNP ( Arabic: الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي al-Hizb as-Sūrī al-Qawmī al-Ijtimā`ī) often referred Sharon had used this to instigate the entrance of the Lebanese militias into the camps.

The Kahan Commission found the Israeli Defence Forces indirectly responsible for the massacre and charged Sharon with "personal responsibility. The Kahan Commission (ועדת כהן formally known as the Commission of Inquiry into the Events at the Refugee Camps in Beirut, was established by the Israeli government The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit " It recommended in early 1983 the removal of Sharon from his post as Defense minister. In their recommendations and closing remarks, the commission stated:

We have found, as has been detailed in this report, that the Minister of Defense [Ariel Sharon] bears personal responsibility. In our opinion, it is fitting that the Minister of Defense draw the appropriate personal conclusions arising out of the defects revealed with regard to the manner in which he discharged the duties of his office - and if necessary, that the Prime Minister consider whether he should exercise his authority under Section 21-A(a) of the Basic Law: the Government, according to which "the Prime Minister may, after informing the Cabinet of his intention to do so, remove a minister from office. The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and is the most powerful political officer in Israel (the President of Israel being a titular figurehead "^[8]

Sharon initially refused to resign as Defense Minister, and Prime Minister Menachem Begin initially refused to fire him. A defence minister (or defense minister) is a Cabinet position which regulates the Armed forces in some sovereign nations (מְנַחֵם בְּגִין Mieczysław Biegun Менахем Вольфович Бегин 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992 was the sixth prime minister of the State of Israel After a grenade was tossed into a dispersing crowd of an Israeli Peace Now march, killing Emil Grunzweig and injuring 10 others, a compromise was reached: Sharon agreed to forfeit the post of defense minister but stayed in the cabinet as minister without portfolio. Peace Now ( Hebrew: שלום עכשיו - Shalom Akhshav) is a left-wing Non-governmental organization in Israel with the agenda of Emil Grunzweig (אמיל גרינצווייג ( December 1 1947, in Cluj, Romania - February 10 1983 in Jerusalem ^[9] Ariel Sharon's removal as Defense Minister is listed as one of the important events of the Tenth Knesset.

In its February 21, 1983 issue, Time published a story implying Sharon was directly responsible for the massacres. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Sharon sued Time for libel in American and Israeli courts. In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy A court is a forum used by a power base to adjudicate disputes and dispense civil, labour administrative and criminal Justice under its Although the jury concluded that the Time story included false allegations, they found that Time had not acted with "actual malice" and did not award any damages. ^[10]

On June 18, 2001 relatives of the victims of the Sabra massacre began proceedings in Belgium to have Sharon indicted on war crimes charges. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied ^[11] In June 2002, a Brussels Appeals Court rejected the lawsuit because the law was subsequently changed under heavy U. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is S. pressure to disallow such lawsuits unless a Belgian citizen is involved. ^[12]

Political downturn and recovery

After being dismissed from the Defense Minister post because the Kahan Commission found him "personally responsible" for his "disregard of the danger of a massacre," Sharon remained in successive governments as a Minister without Portfolio (1983—1984), Minister for Trade and Industry (1984—1990), and Minister for Housing Construction (1990—1992). A Minister without Portfolio is either a Government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry. In the Knesset, he was member of the Foreign Affairs and Defence committee from (1990-1992) and Chairman of the committee overseeing Jewish immigration from the USSR. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 During this period he was a rival to then prime minister Yitzhak Shamir, but failed in various bids to replace him as chairman of Likud. (יִצְחָק שָׁמִיר born Icchak Jaziernicki on 15 October 1915 was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992 Their rivalry reached a head on the "Night of Microphones" in February 1990, when Sharon snapped the microphone from Shamir, who was addressing the Likud central committee, and famously exclaimed: "Who's for wiping out terrorism?". Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The incident was widely viewed as an apparent coup attempt against Shamir's leadership of the party.

In Benjamin Netanyahu's 1996–1999 government, Sharon was Minister of National Infrastructure (1996—1998), and Foreign Minister (1998—1999). (בִּנְיָמִין "ביבי" נְתַנְיָהוּ Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, born October 21 1949, Tel Aviv) was Upon the election of the Barak Labor government, Sharon became leader of the Likud party. Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and

Campaign for Prime Minster, 2000-01

On September 28, 2000, Sharon and an escort of over 1,000 Israeli police officers visited the Temple Mount complex, site of the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic:المسجد الاقصى /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/ {{Audio|ArAqsaMosque This is the third holiest site in Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Sharon declared that the complex would remain under perpetual Israeli control. Palestinian commentators accused Sharon of purposely inflaming emotions with the event to provoke a violent response and obstruct success of delicate ongoing peace talks. On the following day, a large number of unarmed Palestinian demonstrators and a large Israeli police contingent confronted each other at the site. According to the U.S. State Department, “Palestinians held large demonstrations and threw stones at police in the vicinity of the Western Wall. Police used rubber-coated metal bullets and live ammunition to disperse the demonstrators, killing 4 persons and injuring about 200. ” According to the GOI, 14 policemen were injured.

Sharon's visit, a few months before his election as Prime Minister, came after archeologists claimed that extensive building operations at the site were destroying priceless antiquities. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Sharon's supporters claim that Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian National Authority planned the intifada months prior to Sharon's visit. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 ^[13][14][15] They state that Palestinian security chief Jabril Rajoub provided assurances that if Sharon did not enter the mosques, no problems would arise. They also often quote statements by Palestinian Authority officials, particularly Imad Falouji, the P. A. Communications Minister, who admitted months after Sharon's visit that the violence had been planned in July, far in advance of Sharon's visit, stating the intifada "was carefully planned since the return of (Palestinian President) Yasser Arafat from Camp David negotiations rejecting the U. The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister S. conditions". ^[16] According to the Mitchell Report,

the government of Israel asserted that the immediate catalyst for the violence was the breakdown of the Camp David negotiations on 25 July 2000 and the “widespread appreciation in the international community of Palestinian responsibility for the impasse. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ” In this view, Palestinian violence was planned by the PA leadership, and was aimed at “provoking and incurring Palestinian casualties as a means of regaining the diplomatic initiative. ”

The Mitchell Report found that

the Sharon visit did not cause the Al-Aqsa Intifada. But it was poorly timed and the provocative effect should have been foreseen; indeed, it was foreseen by those who urged that the visit be prohibited. More significant were the events that followed: The decision of the Israeli police on September 29 to use lethal means against the Palestinian demonstrators.

In addition, the report stated,

Accordingly, we have no basis on which to conclude that there was a deliberate plan by the PA to initiate a campaign of violence at the first opportunity; or to conclude that there was a delilberate plan by the GOI to respond with lethal force. ^[17]

The Or Commission, an Israeli panel of inquiry appointed to investigate the October 2000 events,

criticised the Israeli police for being unprepared for the riots and possibly using excessive force to disperse the mobs, resulting in the deaths of 12 Arab Israeli, one Jewish and one Palestinian citizens.

Palestinians doubt the existence of popular support for Sharon's actions. Polls published in the media, as well as the 140% call-up of reservists (as opposed to the 60% in regular periods) seem to indicate that the Israeli public is quite supportive of Sharon's policies. A survey conducted by Tel Aviv University's Jaffe Center in May 2004 found that 80% of Jewish Israelis believe that the Israel Defense Forces have succeeded in militarily countering the Al-Aqsa Intifada,^[18] indicating widespread faith in Sharon's hard-line policy.

Prime Minister

After the collapse of Barak's government, Sharon was elected Prime Minister in February 2001. Sharon was allegedly involved in the Greek island affair related to attempts by David Appel to purchase an island near the coast of Athens for the purpose of building a multimillion-dollar resort complex. The Greek island affair was an Israeli political scandal involving David Appel, Ariel Sharon, at the time a minister in the Likud party and David Appel ( דוד אפל, born 7 August, 1950) is an Israeli businessman General contractor, and Likud party activist Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's The charge against Sharon was dropped in 2004.

On July 20, 2004, Sharon called on French Jews to emigrate from France to Israel immediately, in light of an increase in French anti-Semitism (94 anti-Semitic assaults reported in the first six months of 2004 compared to 47 in 2003). Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility Assault is a Crime of Violence against another person. In some Jurisdictions including Australia and New Zealand, France has the fourth largest Jewish population (about 600,000 people), after the United States, Israel, and Russia. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Sharon claimed that an "unfettered anti-Semitism" reigned in France. The French government responded by describing his comments as "unacceptable", as did the French representative Jewish organization CRIF, which denied Sharon's claim of intense anti-Semitism in French society. Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France ( English: Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions is an umbrella organization of French An Israeli spokesperson later claimed that Sharon had been misunderstood. France then postponed a visit by Sharon. Upon his visit, both Sharon and French President Jacques Chirac were described as showing a willingness to put the issue behind them.

On July 26, 2005, Israeli attorney general Menachem Mazuz announced that he would indict Sharon's son, Omri, on charges of corruption. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Menachem Mazuz (מנחם מזוז born 1955 better known in Israel as "Meni Mazuz" is an Israeli Jurist, currently the Israeli Attorney General Omri Sharon (עמרי שרון born 19 August 1964) is the son of former Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and a former Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain Omri had parliamentary immunity at the time, but indicated willingness to stand trial. Parliamentary immunity, also known as legislative immunity is a system in which members of the Parliament or Legislature are granted partial immunity from The Knesset passed a law limiting members' immunity in order to allow the indictment and Omri was formally indicted on August 28, 2005, charged with felonies of political corruption and with perjury. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In Common law legal systems a felony is a serious Crime, often contrasted with a Misdemeanor. Perjury, also known as forswearing, is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under Oath or Affirmation in a Omri agreed to plead guilty ^[19]. For the Pygmy backswimmer Genus, see Plea (insect. He then resigned from the Knesset and was sentenced to nine months in prison, a nine-month suspended sentence, and a fine of 300,000 NIS. ^[20]

Unilateral disengagement

Main article: Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2004

In May 2003, Sharon endorsed the Road Map for Peace put forth by the United States, European Union, and Russia, which opened a dialogue with Mahmud Abbas, and announced his commitment to the creation of a Palestinian state in the future. Israel's unilateral disengagement plan ( Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תוכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in The "road map" for peace is a Plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a " quartet " of international entities the The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Mahmoud Abbas (محمود عباس (born March 26, 1935) also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن was elected President

He has embarked on a course of unilateral withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, while maintaining control of its coastline and airspace. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west Sharon's plan has been welcomed by both the Palestinian Authority and Israel's left wing as a step towards a final peace settlement. However, it has been greeted with opposition from within his own Likud party and from other right wing Israelis, on national security, military, and religious grounds. In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities National security is the entire scope of measures undertaken by the Governments of Nation-states in providing assurance of national Sovereignty

Putting the peace process in formaldehyde

Detractors have publicly distrusted Sharon's motives for this plan, and their suspicions were further roused after publication of an interview with top Sharon aide Dov Weisglass in the Israeli newspaper Haaretz on October 8, 2004, in which he explained Israel's motivation for withdrawing from Gaza. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " He told the newspaper:

• "Palestinian terrorism must end before a political process leading to a Palestinian state begins. Otherwise, the result would be a Palestinian state with terrorism. . . . The Gaza withdrawal would allow Israel to delay negotiations, and a Palestinian state, until such time that their leadership abandons violence. Proposals for a Palestinian state (دولة فلسطين refer to the proposed establishment of an independent state for the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip, which is currently The significance of the disengagement plan is the freezing of the peace process, and when you freeze that process, you prevent the establishment of a Palestinian state, and you prevent a discussion on the refugees, the borders and Jerusalem. Effectively, this whole package called the Palestinian state, with all that it entails, has been removed indefinitely from our agenda. And all this with authority and permission. All with a presidential blessing and the ratification of both houses of Congress. The disengagement is actually formaldehyde. It supplies the amount of formaldehyde that is necessary so there will not be a political process with the Palestinians. "

Disengagement from Gaza

On December 1, 2004, Sharon dismissed five ministers from the Shinui party for voting against the government's 2005 budget. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " In January 2005 Sharon formed a national unity government that included representatives of Likud, Labor, and Meimad and Degel HaTorah as "out-of-government" supporters without any seats in the government (Haredi parties usually reject having ministerial offices as a policy). National governments (alternatively national unity governments or national union governments) are broad Coalition governments consisting of all parties (or Meimad (מימד an acronym for Medina Yehudit Medina Demokratit (מדינה יהודית מדינה דמוקרטית lit Degel HaTorah (דגל התורה lit Banner of the Torah) is an Ashkenazi ultra-orthodox political party in Israel. Haredi or Chareidi Judaism is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. Between August 16-30 2005, Sharon controversially expelled 9,480 Jewish settlers from 21 settlements in Gaza and four settlements in the northern West Bank. Once it became clear that the evictions were definitely going ahead a group of conservative Rabbis, led by Rabbi Yosef Dayan, placed an ancient curse on him known as the Pulsa diNura, calling on the Angel of Death to intervene and kill him. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Yosef Dayan was born in 1945 in Mexico to Sephardic Jewish parents from Aleppo, Syria. Pulsa diNura or Pulsa Denoura ( Aramaic: פולסא דנורא "lashes of fire" is a purportedly kabbalistic ceremony in which the angels After Israeli soldiers bulldozed every settlement structure except for several former synagogues, Israeli soldiers formally left Gaza on September 11, 2005 and closed the border fence at Kissufim. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kissufim (כיסופים lit Yearning) is a Kibbutz in the northwestern Negev desert in Israel. The synagogues were later looted and burned to the ground by Palestinians. While his decision to withdraw from Gaza sparked bitter protests from members of the Likud party and the settler movement, opinion polls showed that it was a popular move among most of the Israeli electorate. On September 27, 2005, Sharon narrowly defeated a leadership challenge by a 52-48 percent vote. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The move was initiated within the central committee of the governing Likud party by Sharon's main rival, Binyamin Netanyahu, who had left the cabinet to protest Sharon's withdrawal from Gaza. (בִּנְיָמִין "ביבי" נְתַנְיָהוּ Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, born October 21 1949, Tel Aviv) was The measure was an attempt by Netanyahu to call an early primary in November 2005 to choose the party's leader.

Founding of Kadima

Main article: Kadima

On November 21, 2005, Sharon resigned as head of Likud, and dissolved parliament to form a new center-left party called Kadima ("Forward"). Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. November polls indicated that Sharon was likely to be returned to the prime ministership. On December 20, 2005, Sharon's longtime rival Benjamin Netanyahu was elected his successor as leader of Likud. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[21] Following Sharon's incapacitation, Ehud Olmert replaced Sharon as Kadima's leader. Netanyahu, along with Labor's Amir Peretz, were Kadima's chief rivals in the March 2006 elections. Amir Peretz (עמיר פרץ عمير بيريتز born 9 March, 1952) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset. The Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006.

In the elections, which saw Israel's lowest-ever voter turnout, Kadima received the most Knesset seats, followed by Labor. The new governing coalition installed in May 2006 includes Kadima, with Olmert as Prime Minister, Labor (including Peretz as Defense Minster), the Gil (Pensioner's) Party, the Shas religious party, and Yisrael Beiteinu. Yisrael Beiteinu (ישראל ביתנו lit Israel is Our Home) is a Right-wing Political party in Israel.

Incapacitation and end of political career

Main article: Illnesses of Ariel Sharon

Sharon was hospitalized on December 18, 2005, after suffering a minor ischemic stroke. The illnesses of Ariel Sharon are a series of medical problems that former Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon has experienced especially coming to the Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain During his hospital stay, doctors discovered a heart ailment requiring surgery and ordered bed rest pending a cardiac catheterization scheduled for January 5, 2006. Cardiac catheterization ( heart cath) is the insertion of a Catheter into a chamber or vessel of the Heart. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Instead, Sharon returned immediately to work and suffered a massive stroke on January 4, the day before surgery. After two surgeries lasting 7 and 14 hours, doctors stopped bleeding in Sharon's brain, but couldn't prevent him from entering a permanent coma. In Medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep is a profound state of Unconsciousness. ^[22] Subsequent media reports indicated that Sharon had been diagnosed with Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) during his December hospitalisation. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of Angiopathy in which Amyloid deposits in the walls of the blood Hadassah Hospital Director Shlomo Mor-Yosef declined to respond to criticism that the combination of CAA and blood thinners after Sharon's December stroke may have caused his more serious, subsequent stroke. Hadassah Medical Center (מרכז רפואי הדסה includes two University hospitals at Ein Kerem and Mount Scopus in Jerusalem, ^[23]

Then-Deputy Prime Minister Ehud Olmert became acting Prime Minister the night of Sharon's second stroke. Deputy leaders in Israel fall into three categories Acting Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister and Vice Prime Minister Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and is the most powerful political officer in Israel (the President of Israel being a titular figurehead Knesset elections followed in March, with Olmert and Sharon's Kadima party winning a plurality. The Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006. Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. The next month, the Israeli Cabinet declared Sharon permanently incapacitated and Olmert officially became Prime Minister of Israel on April 14, 2006. Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Sharon has undergone a series of subsequent surgeries related to his comatose state. In Medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep is a profound state of Unconsciousness. He has remained in a long-term care facility since November 6, 2006. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[24] Medical experts indicate that his cognitive abilities were likely to have been destroyed by the massive stroke. Cognition is a concept used in different ways by different disciplines but is generally accepted to mean the process of awareness or thought He is in a persistent vegetative state with extremely low chances of recovery. A persistent vegetative state (PVS is a condition of patients with severe Brain damage in whom Coma has progressed to a state of wakefulness without detectable

Notes

References

• Ben Shaul, Moshe, Ed. Generals of Israel. Tel-Aviv: Hadar Publishing House, Ltd. , 1968.
• International Campaign for Justice for the Victims of Sabra & Shatila.
• Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War (3rd ed. 2001). London: Oxford University Press; 727 pages. ISBN 0-19-280130-9
• Fisk, Robert: The Great War for Civilisation - The Conquest of the Middle East; (October 2005) London. Robert Fisk (born July 12 1946 in Maidstone, Kent) is a British Journalist and is Middle East correspondent Fourth Estate, 1168 pages. ISBN 1-84115-007-X
• Uri Dan, Ariel Sharon: An Intimate Portrait, Palgrave Macmillan, October 2006, 320 pages. ISBN 1-4039-7790-9
• Baruch Kimmerling, "Politicide: Ariel Sharon's War Against the Palestinians", Verso, 2006. Baruch Kimmerling ( October 16 1939 &ndash May 21 2007 was a professor of Sociology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. ISBN 1-85984-517-7
• Ariel Sharon, with David Chanoff "Warrior: The Autobiography of Ariel Sharon", Simon & Shuster, 2001, ISBN 0-671-60555-0
• Nir Hefez, Gadi Bloom, translated by Mitch Ginsburg, "Ariel Sharon: A Life", Random House, October 2006,512 pages, ISBN 1-4000-6587-9
• Freddy Eytan, translated by Robert Davies, "Ariel Sharon - a Life in Times of Turmoil", translation of "Sharon: le bra de fer", Studio 8 Books and Music, 2006, ISBN 1-55027-091-3
• Abraham Rabinovich, "The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East"
• Ariel Sharon, official biography, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs

See also

• Ouze Merham

External links

• Ariel Sharon's Biography - Detailed account of his military and political career
• Ariel Sharon
• Ariel Sharon: Return to the Temple Mount
• Ariel Sharon: an Israeli Caligula
• The Sabra and Shatila Massacres (16-18 September 1982)
• Timeline of key events in Sharon's life
• Ariel Sharon Profile, ynet news lexicon
• Biography of Ariel Sharon at cnn.com
• Prominent People - Sharon, Ariel "Arik"
• Phonecall - An authentic recording of Ariel Sharon talking to a soldier positioned at one of the Suez Channel bunkers at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War. The alleged Ouze Merham interview of Ariel Sharon is a paragraph alleged to come from a 1956 interview of the former Prime Minister of Israel Ariel Sharon, made by
• Sharon's speech on 30th anniversary of Yom Kippur War
• Ariel Sharon, Israel Knesset Members
• New Tapes Stir Controversy on Follies, Successes of Yom Kippur War
• Ariel Sharon - The Eleventh Prime Minister of Israel

Preceded by Menachem Begin	Defense Minister of Israel 1981-1983	Succeeded by Moshe Arens
Preceded by Benjamin Netanyahu	Chairman of Likud 1999-2005	Succeeded by Benjamin Netanyahu
Preceded by Ehud Barak	Prime Minister of Israel 2001-2006	Succeeded by Ehud Olmert
Preceded by N/A (Founder)	Chairman of Kadima 2005-2006

Persondata
NAME	Sharon, Ariel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Ariel Scheinermann, אריאל שרון
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Israeli politician
DATE OF BIRTH	1928-02-27
PLACE OF BIRTH	Kfar Malal, Palestine
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

(מְנַחֵם בְּגִין Mieczysław Biegun Менахем Вольфович Бегин 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992 was the sixth prime minister of the State of Israel The Defense Minister of Israel (שר הביטחון Sar HaBitahon lit Professor Moshe Arens (משה ארנס born 27 December 1925 in Kaunas, Lithuania) is an Israeli politician (בִּנְיָמִין "ביבי" נְתַנְיָהוּ Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, born October 21 1949, Tel Aviv) was Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. (בִּנְיָמִין "ביבי" נְתַנְיָהוּ Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, born October 21 1949, Tel Aviv) was Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and is the most powerful political officer in Israel (the President of Israel being a titular figurehead Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation

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