- For the cactus genus, see Oreocereus. A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Oreocereus is a Genus of cacti ( family Cactaceae) known only from high altitudes of the Andes.
| Arequipa | |||
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| Nickname: La Ciudad Blanca (The White City) | |||
  Arequipa
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | Peru | ||
| Region | Arequipa | ||
| Province | Arequipa | ||
| Established | 15 August 1540 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Simón Balbuena Marroquín | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 9,862. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. The regions of Peru (Regiones del Perú are the first-level Administrative subdivisions of Peru. Arequipa is a region in southwestern Peru. It is bordered by the Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac and Cusco regions on the north the The provinces of Peru, known in Spanish as provincias, are the second-level administrative subdivisions of the country Arequipa is a Province in the Arequipa Region, Peru. It is the most populous province of the region and its capital Arequipa, is Peru's second-largest Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 02 km² (3,807. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 7 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 2,380 m (7,740 feet ft) | ||
| Population | |||
| - Total | 997,243 - metropolitan area | ||
| Time zone | PET (UTC-5) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | PET (UTC-5) | ||
| Area code(s) | 54 | ||
| Website: www.munarequipa.gob.pe | |||
Arequipa is the capital of the Arequipa Region in southern Peru. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Arequipa is a region in southwestern Peru. It is bordered by the Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac and Cusco regions on the north the Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. With a population of around 800,000 it is the second most populous city of the country. The following are the 20 largest cities in Peru Note that the populations are strictly within city limits and not metropolitan area figures Arequipa lies in the Andes mountains, at an altitude of 2,380 meters (7740 feet) above sea level, overseen by the snow-capped volcano El Misti. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. El Misti, also known as Guagua-Putina, is a dormant Stratovolcano located in southern Peru near the city of Arequipa. The city has many colonial-era Spanish buildings built of sillar, a pearly white volcanic rock, from which it gets the nickname La Ciudad Blanca ("The White City"). The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spain 's conquest settlement and rule over much of the Western hemisphere. Sillar is a whitish Volcanic stone from which many colonial buildings in the city of Arequipa, Peru, are made The historic centre of Arequipa was named a UNESCO world heritage site in 2000, in recognition of its architecture and historic integrity. In December 2000 UNESCO declared the historical center of Arequipa a World Heritage Site, stating the following " The historical center of Arequipa A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex
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Name
It is often said that the city's name comes from the Quechua phrase "Ari, quepay" which means "Yes, here" which is said to have been the response of the Fourth Inca - Mayta Capac - upon seeing the site of the great city, which was later destroyed in an earthquake, but reestablished by the Spanish in 1540. Nowadays it is assumed that the name derives from Aymara "ari" (peak) + "kipa" (locative) and means something like "near the mountain" in reference to the nearby El Misti Volcano, which towers 5822 meters above sea level. Aymara ( Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the
Climate
Arequipa is dry and sunny all year long. During August, the weather gets slightly cold at night and at dawn, but the mornings and afternoons are warmed by bright sunshine. Generally speaking, the weather in Arequipa is mild with temperatures fluctuating between 10 and 24°C. The rainy season lasts from January to March but rainfall is reasonably moderate.
History
Archaeological findings indicate the fertile valley in which Arequipa is situated has been occupied back to 5000 – 6000 BCE. In December 2000 UNESCO declared the historical center of Arequipa a World Heritage Site, stating the following " The historical center of Arequipa In the 15th century, the region, then occupied by Aymara Indians, was conquered by the Inca and served as an important supplier of agrarian products to the Inca Empire. The Aymara are a native Ethnic group in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America; about 1 The Inca Empire (or Inka Empire) was the largest empire in Pre-Columbian America. The modern city of Arequipa was founded on 15 August 1540, by Garcí Manuel de Carbajal, an emissary of Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Don Garcí Manuel de Carbajal was a Spanish lieutenant and occasional soldier who founded the city of Arequipa in Peru on August 15, 1540 Francisco Pizarro González 1st Marqués de los Atabillos (c 1471 or 1476 &ndash 26 June 1541 was a Spanish Conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire Arequipas' first mayor was D. Juan de la Torre y Díaz Chacón, one of the most important conquistadores and founders of Peru.
One year later, King Charles V of Spain gave it the rank of 'city' and the coat of arms that it still bears. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people Spanish influence left many relics and colonial architecture, which reminds the visitor of the city's colonial past.
This led Arequipa to develop a large mestizo population as its demographics changed and grew over the centuries. Since the late 1940's, however, there has been a huge and increasing immigration from the Peruvian sierra, thus changing the demographic and cultural character of the city.
Throughout history Arequipa remained relatively isolated during colonial and early republican times, but that changed in 1870 when a Southern railroad to the coastal port of Mollendo was inaugurated, opening trade via the Pacific Ocean. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The building and expansion of more roads in the 1930s also led to a direct connection with the Pan-American Highway, strengthening Arequipa's links to the rest of the Americas. The Pan-American Highway (see below for its name in other Western European languages is a network of Roads nearly 48000 kilometres (29800 miles in The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Since then, the city has remained the center of commerce between Lima and all of southern Peru.
Arequipa served as a bastion of nationalism during Peru's struggle for independence from Spain in the early 19th century. Later, it served as a rallying point during the War of the Pacific (1879 – 1883) with Chile. The War of the Pacific, sometimes called the Saltpeter War in reference to its original cause was fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the
Villages from pre-Incan times are still in use today by many different farmers. Some of these farmers include those from the districts of Chilina, Socabaya, Paucarpata, Characato, and Sabandia.
Arequipa has experienced many earthquakes. It was almost destroyed by one in 1868, and on June 23, 2001, Arequipa was badly damaged by an earthquake of 7. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 9 on the Richter scale. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released In June 2002, Arequipa was completely paralyzed for a week by strikes and riots in protest of the privatization of two regional electricity-generating plants. Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business
Education
The city has had many universities but the most recognized are — the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, the local state university (founded 1828), the Universidad Católica de Santa María (founded in 1961), the Universidad católica de San pablo, and the Universidad Alas Peruanas these are private institutions. National University of St Augustin of Arequipa, known locally as Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa ( UNSA) is a state-owned University The Catholic University of Santa María (Universidad Católica de Santa María is a local private University in Arequipa, Peru, and has been in continuous operation
One of Peru's largest stadiums, Estadio Monumental de la UNSA, is also located in Arequipa and hosted some of the 2004 American Soccer Cup soccer games, attracting many tourists as well as locals. Arequipa Stadium, or UNSA Stadium, is a stadium located in the Peruvian city of Arequipa. The Copa América 2004 was a football tournament held in Peru, from July 6 to July 25, 2004.
Tourism
Founded as a colonial city, Arequipa is influenced by both Andalusian and Spanish colonial ideas and architecture. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area Popular and touristic sites include the 16th century Santa Catalina Monastery, the Goyeneche Palace, Casa del Moral, and the district of Yanahuara, a point of confluence for visitors seeking a view point of the urban geography of the city. The Monasterio de Santa Catalina is a Cloistered Convent located in Arequipa, Peru. Casa Goyeneche is a 17th century manorial house in the city of Arequipa, Peru. The "Casa del Moral" (House of the Moral is a large ancestral house built around 1730 in Arequipa, Peru. Arequipa has many valuable archaeological and tourist resources including the Colca Canyon, one of the deepest in the world and an ideal spot for observing the magnificent Andean Condor. Colca Canyon is a Canyon of the Colca River in southern Peru. Condor is the name for two Species of New World vultures each in a Monotypic Genus.
Historic Centre
The Historic centre of Arequipa, built in volcanic sillar rock, represents an integration of European and native building techniques and characteristics, expressed in the admirable work of colonial masters and Criollo and Indian masons. In December 2000 UNESCO declared the historical center of Arequipa a World Heritage Site, stating the following " The historical center of Arequipa This combination of influences is illustrated by the city's robust walls, archways and vaults, courtyards and open spaces, and the intricate Baroque decoration of its facades.
Santa Catalina monastery
Santa Catalina Monastery was founded on the second of October in 1580 and has an extension of 20000 square metres and was constructed in the second half of the XVIth Century. The Monasterio de Santa Catalina is a Cloistered Convent located in Arequipa, Peru. The Monasterio de Santa Catalina is a Cloistered Convent located in Arequipa, Peru. The Convent, in which there are still nuns living in cloisters, is a walled small city with narrow streets, passages, stair cases and small squares.
The Convent, a city in miniature closed to the public until 1970, combines the white colour of the sillar with other tonalities, like ochre, indigo and orange that go well with the otherwise austere style.
Society of Jesus Architectural Complex
Of impressive conventual aspect, it is the only edifice, which conserves the colonial art from its bases. It consists of two cloisters with portal led corridors made of carved sillar and Jesuitics monograms in the upper part. It is the purest sample of the mestizo Arequipa style.
which was built by the Jesuits in the XVIIth Century, makes an impression by its carved façade that was finished in 1698. Its pulpit in carved wood and its old sacristy, well-known as the so called Sixtine Chapel of Arequipa, was the fruit of the work of anonymous indigenous artists, who imprimed in the work their own colour, their own motives and their own spirit.
The temple presents a structure of two levels, typical of the European churches of the XVIth and XVIIth Centuries. Other architectonic details of interest are the half point vaults and the half columns that hold up the superior floor. Its interior is a display of luxury and ornamentación, with golden altars of Mestizo Baroque style, a beautiful pulpit from the XVIIth Century and more than 60 paintings of the Cusco School
The Founder's mansion
Built with sillar stone at the edge of a cliff, it is one of the most important and traditional mansions or houses in the department. According to the story, Garcí Manuel de Carbajal, founder of Arequipa, had it built for his son. Later, in 1785, Mr. Juan Crisóstomo de Goyeneche y Aguerreverre was its proprietor and remodeled it, giving it the distinguished characteristics that can be seen today. The main entrance is composed of a foyer with an arched ceiling, followed by a wide principal patio over which the windows and doors of the bedrooms open.
Transportation
Arequipa is served by the Rodriguez Ballon International Airport.
Sister cities
- Vancouver, Washington
USA - Charlotte, North Carolina USA, since 1962
- Guangzhou,
China - Seattle, Washington USA
- Lima
Peru
Notable people from Arequipa
- José Bustamante y Rivero, President of Peru (1945-1948)
- Mario Vargas Llosa, Renowned writer
- Víctor Andrés Belaúnde, Lawyer, chaired two sessions of UN General Assembly
- Eduardo López de Romaña, President of Peru (1899-1903)
- Nicolás de Piérola, President of Peru (1879-1881) and from (1895-1899)
- Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo, famous cloistered nun. Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Lima is the Capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers on a coast overlooking Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. José Luis Bustamante y Rivero ( January 15, 1894 &ndash January 11, 1989) was a lawyer writer politician diplomat President of Peru Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa (born March 28 1936 is a Peruvian writer Politician, Journalist, and Essayist. Víctor Andrés Belaúnde (1883-1966 chaired the Fourteenth session and the fourth emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly (1959-1960 Eduardo López de Romaña y Alvizuri (19 March 1847 &ndash 26 May 1912 was President of Peru from 1899 to 1903 Don José Nicolás Baltasar Fernández de Piérola y Villena (known as " El Califa " ("The Caliph" January 5 1839 &ndash June Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo ( July 26, 1602 – January 10, 1686) was born in Arequipa, Peru.
- Hernando de Soto, Renowned international economist
- Mariano Felipe Paz Soldan, Peruvian historian and geographer
- Mariano Melgar, Poet, Independence fighter
- Francisco García Calderón, President of Peru (1881)
- Pedro Diez Canseco, Two time President of Perú. Hernando de Soto (born 1941 - 06-02) is a Peruvian Economist known for his work on the Informal economy and on the importance of Mariano Melgar (1791-1815 was a Peruvian patriot, poet artist and warrior for the cause of independence from Spain. Francisco García Calderón ( April 2, 1834 &ndash September 21, 1905) was a Lawyer and president of Peru for a short seven-month Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho (born January 31, 1815 in Arequipa, Peru; died April 3, 1893 in Chorrillos, Peru He was previously Vice President both times
- Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro, Peruvian Priest and Politician; President of Peru during two brief occasions
- Julio Granda, Chess Grand Master
- Pedro Paulet, Scientist, Peruvian engineer and statesman, The inventor of the liquid fuel motor (1895) and the first modern rocket propulsion system (1900)
- Alberto Vargas, Painter, Noted for his famous Vargas Girls Collection
- Alex Olmedo, Tennis Player, Ranked #1 in the world in 1959
- Honorio Delgado, renowned Psychiatrist
- Ignacio Alvarez Thomas, Soldier who fought in the independence war in Argentina. Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro (1780 in Arequipa, Perú – 1855 in Lima, Peru a Peruvian priest and politician was briefly Interim Julio Ernesto Granda Zúñiga (born February 25 1967 in Camaná, Peru) is a Peruvian Chess Grandmaster. Pedro Paulet (born July 2 1874 in Arequipa, Peru; died 1945 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a Peruvian Alberto Vargas ( 9 February 1896 &ndash 30 December 1982) was a noted painter of Pin-up girls and Erotica. Alejandro ("Alex" Rodríguez Olmedo (born March 24, 1936 in Arequipa) is a former Tennis player from Peru, who was ranked José Ignacio Álvarez Thomas ( February 15, 1787 - July 19, 1857) was a South American military commander and politician of the early Supreme Director of the Argentine Federation from 1815-1816.
- Madeleine Hartog Bell, Miss World titleholder in 1967. Madeleine Hartog Bell won the 1967 Miss World contest representing Peru.
- Jorge Vinatea Reinoso, Painter. Jorge Vinatea Reinoso ( April 22 1900 - July 15 1931) was a Peruvian painter.
- Julio Malaga Grenet, Famous caricaturist.
- Juan Pablo Vizcardo y Guzman, Jesuit priest, Precursor of the Peruvian Independence
- Alberto Hidalgo, Poet.
- Everardo Zapata Santillana, Educator. Author of the best seller book "Coquito" for children.
- Carlos Baca-Flor Soberón, Famous painter.
- Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustariz, Most notable Peruvian scientist of the 19th century. Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustariz (October 22 1798] – November 6 1857 was a prominent Peruvian scientific geologist mineralogist chemist archeologist politician and diplomat
- Mario Cavagnaro, Prolific composer of Peruvian criollo music and boleros.
- Jose Said, Successful businessman founder of Parque Arauco S. José Said is the founder and current head of Parque Arauco S A.
See also
- 2001 southern Peru earthquake
- Arequipa region
- History of Peru
- Peruvian culture
- Spanish conquest of Peru
References
External links
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