Archpriest is the title of a priest who has supervisory duties over a number of parishes. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches The term is most often used in Eastern Orthodoxy and Eastern Catholic Churches, since the corresponding office in Latin rite Roman Catholicism has been replaced by the vicar forane. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See The Latin Rite is one of the 23 Sui iuris Particular Churches within the Catholic Church.
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History
Much like the archdeacon was the head of the diaconate of a diocese in ancient times, the archpriest was first the chief of the presbyterium of the diocese. A position of archdeacon is a senior position in Anglicanism, Syrian Malabar Nasrani, and in some other Christian denominations above that of most Presbyterium is a modern term used in the Catholic Church and Eastern Catholic Churches after the Second Vatican Council Eventually by the Middle Ages, the office evolved into the priest of the principal parish among several local parishes. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches This priest had general charge of worship in this archpresbyteriate, and the parishioners of the smaller parishes had to attend Sunday Mass and hold baptisms at the principal parish. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted The subordinate parishes instead held daily mass and homilies.
This system was soon changed, and by the time of the Council of Trent the office of archpriest was replaced by the office of vicar forane, also known as the "dean" in English. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. In the broadest sense a vicar (from the Latin Vicarius) is a representative anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior The oldest known use of this title comes from St. Charles Borromeo's reforms in his own diocese. Saint Charles Borromeo (Carlo Borromeo Latinized as Carolus Borromeus) ( October 2 1538 – November 3 1584) is an Unlike vicars general and vicars episcopal, vicars forane are not prelates, which means they do not possess ordinary power. A vicar general (often abbreviated VG) is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority A prelate is a high-ranking member of the Clergy who either is an Ordinary or ranks in precedence with ordinaries In those hierarchically organised churches of Western Christianity which have an ecclesiastical law system an ordinary is an officer of the church who by reason of office Their role is entirely supervisory, and they perform visitations for the bishop and report to the bishop or vicar general any problems in their vicariate.
The practice of having an archpriest has remained in Rome and in some countries like Malta. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands The rectors of the major basilicas have the title archpriest. The word rector ("ruler" from the Latin regere and Rector meaning "Teacher" In Latin has a number of different meanings but all of them indicate an academic The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman However, the title is entirely honorary, reflecting the fact that these churches held archpriestly status in Rome's past.
Roman Catholicism
There are currently four Archpriests of the Major basilicas in Rome. The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman These are;
- Basilica of St. John Lateran - Camillo Ruini
- Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore - Bernard Law
- Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura - Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo
- St. Peter's Basilica - Angelo Comastri
Byzantine Christianity
In Eastern Orthodoxy and Greek-Catholicism, the rank of archpriest remains as a title of honor or seniority. The Basilica of St John Lateran ( Italian: Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano) is the Cathedral of the church of Rome and the official Camillo Cardinal Ruini (born February 19, 1931) is an Italian Prelate of the Catholic Church. The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (its Italian name known in English also as St Mary Major, is an ancient Catholic Basilica of Rome Bernard Francis Law (born 4 November 1931 in Torreón Mexico) is an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church The Basilica of St Paul Outside the Walls or St Paul-without-the-Walls (Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura is one of four churches considered to be the great Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo (born August 27, 1925) is an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic church and Titular Archbishop The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St Angelo Comastri (born 17 September 1943 in Sorano, Italy) is the current Cardinal President of the Fabric of Saint Peter It is synonymous with that of protopresbyter in Greek usage, but in Slavic usage they are distinct offices, with protopresbyter the higher of the two. "Forane" redirects here For the veterinary anesthetic see Isoflurane. In either case, it is the highest rank married clergy can ordinarily expect to attain. Archpriests are styled "Very Reverend" and are distinguished by the award of a pectoral cross. A pectoral cross or pectorale (from the Latin pectoralis, "of the Chest " is a cross, usually large suspended from In the Slavic tradition this is specifically the gold cross, and they may be further distinguished with the award of the purple kamilavka, the epigonation, the jewelled pectoral cross, and the mitre. A kamilavka ( kamilavkion (καμιλαύκιον kalymmavkhion (καλυμμαύχιον or kalymmavchi (καλυμαύχι is an item of The epigonation ( Greek:, "over the knee" or palitsa ( Russian: палица " club " is a Vestment used The mitre (sometimes also spelled miter from the Greek μίτρα, 'headband' or 'turban' is a type of headgear now known as the traditional ceremonial head-dress of The highest award for a priest is a second pectoral cross. They might possess some limited supervisory responsibility over other clergy as the local dean or diocesan chancellor, but only because as senior clergy they are more likely to be selected for such offices. A dean, in a church context is a Cleric holding certain positions of authority within a religious hierarchy See also Chancellor (disambiguation Two quite distinct officials of some Christian Churches have the title Chancellor.
Anglicanism
In the Church of England there is at least one Archpriest, the Archpriest of Haccombe. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican This is a hamlet in Devon, near Newton Abbot where the parish is combined with that of Stoke-in-Teignhead with Combe-in-Teignhead. A hamlet is (usually&mdashsee below a Rural community — that is a small settlement — which is too small to be considered a Village. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Newton Abbot is a market Town in Devon, England on the River Teign, with a population of 23580 (2001 census The modern office most closely resembling that of archpriest is the role of Rural Dean (rural dioceses) or Area Dean (urban dioceses). In the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church, a Rural Dean presides over a Rural Deanery (more commonly simply referred to as a Deanery In the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church, a Rural Dean presides over a Rural Deanery (more commonly simply referred to as a Deanery Like the archpriest of old, these officers have supervisory duties, but not ordinary jurisdiction, and are entitled to carry out visitations of subordinate parishes when so commissioned. With this in mind, although the Archpriest of Haccombe holds a unique role in the Church of England, it must be considered analogous with certain Incumbencies which bear the title "Dean" regardless of whether or not their Incumbent is the actual Rural or Area Dean. One example of this historical oddity is the office of Dean of Bocking in East Anglia. East Anglia is often used as a shorthand for the Kingdom of the East Angles.
See also
- Arnaud de Cervole, also known as "the Archpriest"
- Archimandrite
References
- Archpriest on Catholic Encyclopedia at newadvent. Arnaud de Cervole, also de Cervolles, de Cervolle, Arnaut de Cervole or Arnold of Cervoles ( c The title Archimandrite ( Greek: - archimandrites) primarily used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches org
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