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Archibald Cox, Jr.
Archibald Cox
In office
January 1961 – July 1965
President John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded by J. Lee Rankin
Succeeded by Thurgood Marshall
Born May 12, 1912
Plainfield, New Jersey
Died May 29, 2004 (aged 92)
Brooksville, Maine
Political party Democratic

Archibald Cox, Jr. The United States Solicitor General is the individual appointed to argue for the Government of the United States in front of the Supreme Court of the United States John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of James Lee Rankin ( July 7, 1907, Hartington Nebraska — June 28, 1996, Santa Cruz California) was the 31st U Thurgood Marshall ( July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American Jurist and the first African American Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Plainfield is a City in Union County, New Jersey, United States. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Brooksville is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. , (May 12, 1912 – May 29, 2004) was an American lawyer who served as U.S. Solicitor General under President John F. Kennedy, and later became best known as the first special prosecutor for the Watergate scandal. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person The United States Solicitor General is the individual appointed to argue for the Government of the United States in front of the Supreme Court of the United States John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of A special prosecutor generally is a Lawyer from outside the Government appointed by an Attorney general or Congress to investigate a government The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's

Contents

Early life and law career

Cox was the son of Archibald and Frances Perkins Cox. A native of Plainfield, New Jersey, he attended the Wardlaw-Hartridge School, then called Wardlaw Country Day. Plainfield is a City in Union County, New Jersey, United States. The Wardlaw-Hartridge School is a private Nonsectarian, Coeducational Day school located in Edison, New Jersey, United States Cox graduated from Harvard College in 1934 and Harvard Law School in 1937 where he was a member of Phi delta phi legal fraternity, and joined the Boston law firm of Ropes, Gray, Best, Coolidge and Rugg, now known as Ropes & Gray. Harvard College is the undergraduate section and oldest school of Harvard University, a Private university in the United States founded in 1636 by the Massachusetts Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. Phi Delta Phi, ΦΔΦ, is the world's largest legal fraternity whose membership is restricted to students and practitioners of the law Ropes & Gray LLP is a national Law firm with offices located in Boston, New York City, Palo Alto, San Francisco, Washington Ropes & Gray LLP is a national Law firm with offices located in Boston, New York City, Palo Alto, San Francisco, Washington During World War II, he was appointed to the National Defense Board, and then to the Office of the Solicitor General. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

After the war ended, Cox joined the faculty at Harvard, where he taught courses in torts and in administrative, constitutional, and labor law. Tort law is the name given to a body of law that creates and provides remedies for civil wrongs that do not arise out of Contractual duties Administrative law is the body of Law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of Government. Constitutional law is the study of foundational or basic Laws of nation states and other political organizations Labour law (also known as employment or labor law is the body of Laws administrative rulings and precedents which address the legal rights of and restrictions During that time, he also became an adviser and speech-writer for John F. Kennedy, who was at that time U.S. senator from Massachusetts. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. In 1961, Cox joined the new Kennedy administration as solicitor general. At a time when civil rights protesters were routinely chased with dogs and clubbed, he became JFK's point man on pursuing legal remedies to injustice, often appearing before the Supreme Court. Among the cases he was involved in were Baker v. Carr, which set the standards for reapportionment; Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, which broke grounds on public accommodations for African-Americans under the Civil Rights Act of 1964; South Carolina v. Katzenbach, which upheld the Voting Rights Act; and Buckley v. Valeo, which reformed campaign financing. Baker v Carr, 369 US 186 (1962 was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's Political question Heart of Atlanta Motel Inc v United States, 379 US 241 ( 1964) was a landmark United States Supreme Court case holding that the U South Carolina v Katzenbach, 383 US 301 ( 1966) is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. Background See also [[Disfranchisement after the Civil War]] The 13th Amendment, ratified in 1865 after the Civil War, abolished and prohibited Buckley v Valeo, 424 US 1 ( 1976) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld a federal law which set limits In 1965, he returned to the law school.

Watergate special prosecutor

Main article: Watergate scandal

On May 19, 1973, Cox took another leave to accept appointment as the first Watergate special prosecutor. The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Less than two months following his appointment, Cox learned with the rest of America of Nixon's secret tapes. Over the next few months, Cox, the Senate Watergate committee, and Judge John Sirica battled with the White House over those tapes. During the fight, after Sirica ordered Nixon to comply with the committee and Cox's demand, Cox offered the President a compromise. On October 20, 1973, in an event termed the Saturday Night Massacre, U. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. The "Saturday Night Massacre" was the term given by political commentators to U S. President Richard Nixon ordered Cox fired, due to Cox's insistence on obtaining secret White House tapes. Rather than comply with this order, both Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus resigned. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition Elliot Lee Richardson ( July 20, 1920 &ndash December 31, 1999) was an American lawyer and politician who was a member of the cabinet William Doyle Ruckelshaus (born July 24, 1932 in Indianapolis Indiana) is an American attorney and civil servant The order was ultimately carried out by the Solicitor General, Robert Bork. Robert Heron Bork (born March 1, 1927) is a conservative American legal scholar who advocates the judicial philosophy of Originalism. Upon being fired, Cox stated, "whether ours shall be a government of laws and not of men is now for Congress and ultimately the American people. "

The firing of Cox illustrated the need for independent counsels — prosecutors specifically appointed to investigate official misconduct. United States Office of the Independent Counsel was an independent Prosecutor &mdash distinct from the Attorney General of the United States Department of Justice After Nixon's resignation, Cox became chairman of Common Cause, became the founding chair of the Health Effects Institute, and was made an honorary member of the Order of the Coif in 1991. Common Cause is a nonpartisan nonprofit citizens' lobby and advocacy organization The Health Effects Institute (HEI is a non-partisan non-profit corporation specializing in research on the health effects of Air pollution. The Order of the Coif is an Honor society for United States law school graduates Besides the Paul Douglas Ethics in Government Award, Professor Cox was also the recipient of the Thomas "Tip" O'Neill Citizenship Award.

Death and legacy

Cox died at his home in Brooksville, Maine of natural causes on the same day as Sam Dash, chief counsel to the House Judiciary Committee during the Watergate scandal. Brooksville is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. Samuel Dash ( February 27 1925 &ndash May 29 2004) a native of Camden New Jersey, a co-chief United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary US House Committee on the Judiciary, or (more commonly the House Judiciary Committee, is a Standing committee of

The New York Times wrote, "a gaunt 6-footer who wore three-piece suits, Mr. Cox was often described as 'ramrod straight,' not only because of his bearing but also because of his personality. "

Cox was the great-grandson of William M. Evarts, who defended President Andrew Johnson during his impeachment hearing and became Secretary of State in the Hayes administration. William Maxwell Evarts ( February 6, 1818 &ndash February 28, 1901) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as US Andrew Johnson (December 29 1808 – July 31 1875 was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865-69 succeeding to the Presidency upon the assassination The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4 1822 January 17 1893 was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth He was also a direct descendant of Roger Sherman, a Connecticut signer of the Declaration of Independence; Archibald Cox, Jr. Roger Sherman ( April 19, 1721 ( JC) April 30, 1721 ( GC) July 23, 1793) was an early This article is about declarations of independence in general 6, Frances Bruen Perkins 5, Elizabeth Hoar Evarts 4, William Maxwell Evarts 3, Mehitabel Sherman 2, Roger Sherman 1. William Maxwell Evarts ( February 6, 1818 &ndash February 28, 1901) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as US Roger Sherman ( April 19, 1721 ( JC) April 30, 1721 ( GC) July 23, 1793) was an early

Bibliography

A partial list of Cox's books:

Further reading

External links

Preceded by
J. Lee Rankin		 Solicitor General
1961–1965		 Succeeded by
Thurgood Marshall
For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department James Lee Rankin ( July 7, 1907, Hartington Nebraska — June 28, 1996, Santa Cruz California) was the 31st U The United States Solicitor General is the individual appointed to argue for the Government of the United States in front of the Supreme Court of the United States Thurgood Marshall ( July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American Jurist and the first African American
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